ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in foodborne disease cases in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a basis for the prevention and investigation of foodborne diseases and outbreak events.MethodsInformation on foodborne disease patients from 2014 to 2023 was collected, and stool or anal swab samples were tested for relevant pathogens. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in pathogen detection rates among different groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for pathogen detection.ResultsA total of 5 814 samples were tested, with a positive detection rate of 15.36%. The detection rates were 4.95% for norovirus, 4.49% for Escherichia coli, 3.59% for Salmonella, 2.22% for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 0.11% for Shigella. The positive detection rates showed seasonal characteristics, with a minor peak in March-April dominated by norovirus and a major peak in July-September dominated by bacteria. The three groups with the highest detection rates were workers, white-collar workers and other groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, season, and antibiotic use before consultation were significant influencing factors for pathogen detection (P<0.05). Total pathogen detection risk was lower in the group that took antibiotics before visiting the clinic compared to those who did not (OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.15‒0.49). The detection risk for norovirus was lower in the preschool age group (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.04‒1.00), in summer and autumn (OR range 0.23‒0.41), and in the group taking antibiotics (OR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.15‒0.92), but higher in the adolescent group (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.05‒1.88). The detection risk for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was higher in summer (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.30‒2.60). The detection risk for Salmonella increased in the elderly group and in summer (OR range 1.44‒2.21), but decreased in the adolescent group, in winter, and in the group taking antibiotics (OR range 0.22‒0.65). The detection risk for Vibrio parahaemolyticus increased in summer and autumn (OR range 1.80‒1.90), but decreased in the primary and secondary school student group and in winter (OR range 0.10‒0.32).ConclusionThe prevalence of foodborne disease pathogens in Haining City is relatively high. Age, season, and antibiotic use before consultation are independent influencing factors for pathogen detection. These findings suggest that specific hypotheses regarding pathogenic factors can be proposed based on the time of occurrence and the age distribution of cases during field investigations of foodborne outbreaks.

Precisely tuning the geometric and phase structure of noble metal-based heterostructure nanomaterials has been an effective way to induce a metastable defect interface system for the fast hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics in alkaline media. However, the unstable defect nature of metastable materials hinders their practical applications. Herein, as demonstrated by the theoretical calculation, the optimal Gibbs free energy of adsorbed H2O (Delta G(H2O)) and water dissociation (Delta G(B)) can be created for five-fold twinned Ru on Cu NSs with metastable interfaces. Thus, we successfully design and construct an in-situ metastable interface in five-fold twinned Ru supported on vertically oriented Cu nanosheets (Cu NSs) (devoted as CuRux NSs). Among them, CuRu8 NSs display unprecedented overpotentials of 8 and 39 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm(-2), respectively. Furthermore, CuRu8 NSs also demonstrate high intrinsic mass activity of 77.528 A g(-1) at an overpotential of 20 mV and a large exchange current density of 5.014 mA cm(-2), with outstanding stability (almost no activity degradation for 130 h). These represent one of the best alkaline HER catalysts to date for Ru-based catalysts. Importantly, CuRu8 NSs possess nearly 100% Faradaic yield, confirming the high selectivity toward hydrogen evolution reaction. Furthermore, the fine structural analysis evidences that the in-situ incorporated five-fold twinned Ru nanoparticles coupled electronically with Cu NSs not only avoid migration and aggregation of the metal particles, but also effectively promote the formation of heterostructure nanosheet arrays with abundant active sites, enhancing the alkaline hydrogen evolution kinetics.

目的 了解过敏性疾病的常见过敏原,探讨体外过敏原检测的应用价值.方法 采用浙大迪迅生物基因工程有限公司的免疫印迹试验系统检测血清中的特异性IgE抗体.结果 有67.2％ (660/982)患者检测到阳性结果,以屋尘螨/粉尘螨最高(460例,46.8％),其次是矮豚草、混合草、牛奶、鸡蛋白、树花粉组合、葎草、猫毛皮屑、菠萝等.吸入性过敏原以屋尘螨/粉尘螨最高.各过敏原之间的分布差异有统计学意义(x2=5471,P＜0.01).对1种过敏原呈阳性反应的有316例(32.2％),2种过敏原呈阳性反应的有202例(20.6％),8种的有10例(1.0％).结论 生活中过敏原广泛存在,体外检测免疫印迹法在临床上有较高的实用性,可更安全地检测出多种过敏原.简便易行,值得推广.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between juvenile body mass index(BMI)/waist circumference(WC) and adult blood pressure(BP), and to further explore the mediating role of adult BMI/WC in this association.METHODS:Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) from 1993 to 2015, 1313 subjects were selected, who participated in the survey both in juvenile(6-17 years old) and adult(18-35 years old). The mediating effect model was used to analyze the effect of adult BMI/WC in the association between juvenile BMI/WC and adult BP.RESULTS:There was a positive correlation between juvenile BMI/WC and adult systolic blood pressure [β(SE)_(adjusted)=0.10(0.03)/0.08(0.03)] and diastolic blood pressure [β(SE)_(adjusted)=0.13(0.03)/0.08(0.03)] with P &lt;0.01. Adult BMI/WC played partial mediating effect in the association between juvenile BMI/WC and adult systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure: the percentage of mediating effect of BMI were 70.00%(95%CI 42.68%-73.33%)for SBP and 23.08%(95%CI 14.29%-26.32%) for DBP, the percentage of mediating effect of WC were 37.50%(95%CI 20.00%-41.67%)for SBP and 25.00%(95%CI 20.00%-35.71%) for DBP, respectively.CONCLUSION:There is a positive correlation between juvenile BMI/WC and adult BP, and adult BMI/WC might mediate the effect of juvenile BMI and WC on adult BP.

This study aims to investigate healthcare workers' (HCWs) willingness to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Zhejiang and to discover the related influential factors. The survey was conducted in six regions of Zhejiang Province, China, and 13 hospitals and 12 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were incorporated into the survey research. Participants were healthcare workers and a total of 3726 questionnaires were collected online, of which 3634 (97.53%) were analyzed. The relationships between the factors and the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 were computed as odds ratios (ORs) by means of multi-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Of the 3634 participants, 2874 (79.09%) HCWs expressed their willingness to get vaccinated if the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine becomes available. Respondents who were younger than 50 years (OR = 1.502, 95% CI: 1.047-2.154), those who believed that they were somewhat likely (OR = 1.658, 95% CI: 1.297-2.120) or likely (OR = 1.893, 95% CI: 1.334-2.684) to get infected by SARS-COV-2 and those with a positive attitude toward the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were more willing to get vaccinated. Furthermore, compared to doctors, nurses were more reluctant to get vaccinated. In addition, it was found that higher the education level, lower the willingness to get vaccinated. This study revealed that HCWs in Zhejiang Province had a high willingness to get vaccinated. Awareness about the vaccine's effectiveness and safety and the disease severity should be promoted among HCWs over 50 years of age and nurses to increase the willingness to get vaccinated.

目的 分析海宁市不同年龄与性别食源性疾病患者的可疑暴露食物差异,以期为食源性疾病原因食物的调查提供线索.方法 收集2012年1月1日-2019年8月31日浙江省海宁市监测点所有二级及以上医疗机构报告的病例档案信息,采用N(％)描述不同性别和年龄组可疑食物分布情况,采用Logistic回归分析不同人群各类型食物的暴露风险.结果 本研究共纳入10525例食源性病例患者.前五位可疑暴露食物类别为水产品及制品、肉及其制品、水果及其制品、主食、蔬菜及其制品,其中,男性暴露风险更高的食物类别包括水产品及其制品(OR=1.320,95％CI:1.187～1.469),酒类(OR=5.695,95％CI:3.613～8.977)和包装饮用水(OR =3.790,95％CI:1.327～11.880).各年龄组具有不同高危暴露食物,与19-49岁年龄组相比,≤5岁年龄组更易暴露于乳制品(OR=6.096,95％ CI:4.452～8.328)、蛋类(OR=6.096,95％ CI:4.452～8.328)、水果类(OR=3.488,95％CI:2.858～4.257)、包装饮用水(OR=3.488,95％ CI:2.858 ～4.257);6-18岁年龄组更易暴露于乳类(OR=2.325,95％CI:1.616～3.352);≥50岁年龄组更易暴露于蔬菜类(OR =2.091,95％CI: 1.789 ～2.445)、蛋类(OR=1.874,95％CI:1.454 ～2.416)和主食类(OR=1.332,95％CI:1.152～1.547).结论 不同年龄和性别人群对各类别食物具有不同暴露风险等级,提示在进行食源性疾病调查时可依据病例年龄和性别分布差异提出针对性的病因食物假设.

目的 分析中国儿童青少年体质量指数(BMI)变化趋势与自评BMI的一致性及影响自评BMI的相关因素,以期为相应干预措施的制定提供科学依据.方法 以"中国健康与营养调查"2000-2015年6轮调查资料中6238名6～18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,采用偏度-均值-变异系数(LMS)法揭示BMI变化规律,采用x2检验和Kappa一致性检验评价其与自评体重的偏差,采用多元Logistic回归模型分析影响体型自我评价的相关因素.结果 2000-2015年儿童青少年BMI百分位数曲线P50和P85均显示增高趋势,且高百分位增幅更大.无论年龄和性别,实测BMI与自评体重一致性较差(Kappa＜0.3),50％以上的消瘦和超重(除13～18岁女生)调查对象误认为自身体重正常,约1/4体重正常调查对象误以为自身体重异常.城市男生更易自评体重偏瘦[OR值(95％CI)=1.43(1.18～ 1.73)],喜欢流行节目[OR值(95％CI)=1.80(1.23～2.55)]和卡通/动漫[OR值(95％CI)=1.39(1.00～ 1.96)]的男生更易自评体重超重.高年龄组[OR值(95％CI)=2.74(2.08～3.61)]、城市[OR值(95％CI)=1.53(1.21～1.94)]、喜欢流行节目[OR值(95％CI)=1.74(1.27～2.38)]的女生更易自评体重超重;喜欢动漫/卡通节目的 女生更会认为自身体重偏瘦[OR值(95％CI)=1.78(1.33～2.40)].结论 过去十多年来中国儿童青少年BMI呈现升高趋势,且与自评BMI偏差较大,年龄、现住地和喜欢视频节目类型会影响体重的自我评价.

目的 分析≥60岁老年人免费接种流感疫苗的影响因素,为各地开展免费接种流感疫苗项目提供依据.方法 采用偶遇抽样方法,于2018年9月-2019年5月在海宁市17家预防接种门诊选择海宁市≥60岁的户籍居民为调查对象.采用自行设计的流行病学调查问卷收集调查对象的基本情况、生活习惯、健康状况和免费接种流感疫苗情况,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价焦虑和抑郁情况.采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析≥60岁老年人免费接种流感疫苗的影响因素.结果 共发放问卷800份,回收有效问卷743份,回收有效率为92.88％.男性380人,占51.14％;女性363人,占48.85％.年龄中位数为69岁.共免费接种流感疫苗352人,接种率为47.38％.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI分类(OR: 1.372～2.204, 95％CI: 1.010～4.804)和抑郁(OR=0.551,95％ CI:0.377～0.807)是≥60岁老年人免费接种流感疫苗的影响因素.结论 海宁市实施老年人免费接种流感疫苗项目后,≥60岁老年人接种率较高,应重点关注体重正常和抑郁老年人免费接种流感疫苗情况.

目的 分析海宁市2016年特定病原体食源性疾病监测结果,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供依据.方法 对海宁市人民医院报告的特定病原体食源性疾病病例资料进行描述性统计分析,并采集病例粪便标本或肛拭子进行病原体检测.结果 2016年共报告特定病原体食源性疾病440例,男女比为1.08:1,年龄以16岁～组最多(26.36％),职业以工人(39.32％)和农民(22.73％)为主;第三季度为食源性疾病的高发季(30.00％).共检出致病菌和病毒57株,其中诺如病毒27株、 副溶血性弧菌21株、 沙门菌7株和志贺菌2株.结论 应重点加强工人、 农民等职业人群及高发季节的食源性疾病监测工作,进一步完善监测体系,加强健康教育.

Complexes Gd-DTPA, Gd-(DTPA-CS) and Gd-(DTPA-NCMCS) were synthesized. The relaxation rate r(1) of Gd-(DTPA-NCMCS), Gd-DTPA and Gd-(DTPA-CS) show that the longitudinal relaxation ability of Gd-(DTPA-NCMCS) is stronger than Gd-DTPA, and it is also higher than that of complex Gd-(DTPA-CS). T-1-weighted images in vitro vs concentrations are consistent with the relaxation rates of the complexes. The IC50 value of Gd-(DTPA-NCMCS) is 568 mu mol . L-1. Complex Gd-(DTPA-NCMCS) shows a good biocompatibility; and it can be used as a potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent.

The interaction between furazolidone and Bovine Hemoglobin( BHb) was studied using UV/Vis and fluo-rescence spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the quenching of BHb fluorescence by furazolidone was a static one and was attributed to the formation of furazolidone-BHb complex. The binging constants, K, at 279. 15 K and 292. 15 K, were obtained, with the values as 1. 884?105 Lmol-1 , and 1. 714?105 Lmol-1 , respectively. The standard enthalpy chang (ΔH?) and the standard entropy (ΔS?) were -8 . 25 Kjmol-1 and -0 . 83 Jmol-1 K-1 re-spectively. The hydrogen bonding and vander waals force played a major role in stabilizing the complex. The effect of furazolidone on the conformation of BHb was analyzed with synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.

Graphene ( GN) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNT) composites were coated on glassy carbon electrode ( GCE ) and then poly ( nicotinic acid ) ( PNA ) was electrodeposited on the modified electrode. The electrochemical behavior of pyridoxine hydrochloride ( VB6 ) was investigated at the modified electrode by cyclic voltammetry ( CV ) and differential pulse voltammetry ( DPV ) . Results showed the oxidation current of VB6 at the GN-MWCNT/PNA/GCE was obviously larger than that at GCE, PNA/GCE and GN/MWCNT/GCE. The oxidation process of VB6 was an irreversible diffusion-controlled process involving one electron and two protons. The liner range between the peak current intensity of DPV and the concentration of VB6 was 0 . 05-200 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0 . 02 μmol/L ( S/N=3 ) . The modified electrode showed a good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 3 . 1% ( n=8 ) . The proposed method was applied to the analysis of vitamin B6 in vitamin B6 tablets and compound vitamin B tablets with recoveries between 96 . 1%-104 . 5%.

Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate(DEHP) in plastic food packaging materials was determined by capillary gas chromatography.The separation was performed on RTX-5 capillary column with a FID detector.The internal standard curve method was used for the quantitative estimation with di-n-octylo-phthalate as the internal standard.The linear range was 0.035~0.560 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.01mg/L.The relative standard deviations were from 0.14% to 0.60% for different concentrations,and the spiked recoveries were 99.8%-103.2%.

A competitive immunosensor using CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as a label was highly proposed for the detection of a tumor marker. CdSe QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscope image, photoluminescence spectra and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra. The fabrication process of the immunosensor was traced with electrochemical impedance spectra. Using α-fetoprotein (AFP) as a model, a simple electrochemiluminescence immunosensing platform based on CdSe QDs using competitive binding between conjugated antibody-CdSe QDs and free AFP with immobilized AFP on Au electrode was developed. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed electrochemiluminescence method could detect AFP ranging from 0.05 to 100μg/L with a detection limit of 0.005μg/L. The proposed immunosensor showed good analytical performance and was successfully applied to detecting level of AFP in human serum samples, which would provide a new and promising direction for clinical application.

以对甲基苯甲醛和2-乙酰吡啶为主要原料,合成了三种2,2′：6′,2″-三联吡啶衍生物配体,并以IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了表征;对影响2-乙酰吡啶和对甲基苯甲醛反应的主要反应条件进行了优化,以20℃下反应24h最佳。

Norfloxacin derivative was synthesized under microwave irradiation from benzyl chloride and norfloxacin with the catalyst of potassium carbonate and potassium iodide,and the product was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR.The influencing factors were studied by means of orthogonal experimental design,and the optimized reaction conditions were determined with microwave irradiation power set at 700 W;irradiation time,15 min;reaction temperature,80℃;the ratio of benzyl chloride norfloxacin and potassium carbonate,1.3:1:1;the amount of potassium iodide,0.3 g.Under the reaction conditions,the yield was enhanced to 90.2%.

Titanium-containing MCM-41 (Ti-MCM-41) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) can exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). A dramatic decrease in the over-voltage of NADH oxidation reaction is observed at 0.28 V (vs. SCE). The modified electrode is found to be stable and reproducible. The electrode shows a linear response for a wide range of 10 - 1200 mu M NADH and the detection limit is 8.0 mu M. Ti-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves provide an efficient matrix for development of NADH biosensors and the prepared electrode not only can be used to detect the concentration of NADH in biochemical reaction, but also as the potential matrix of the construction of dehydrogenases biosensor.

Titanium-containing MCM-41 (Ti-MCM-41) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) can exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of P-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). A dramatic decrease in the overvoltage of NADH oxidation reaction is observed at 0.28 V vs. SCE. The application in the amperometric biosensing of ethanol using alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) also has been demonstrated with this material. The proposed sensor shows a highly sensitivity, an acceptable reproducibility and a good stability. The linear range of ethanol is 25 - 1.000 mu M and the detection limit is 8.0 mu M. Ti-MCM-41 modified electrode not only can be used to detect the concentration of NADH in biochemical reaction, but also as the potential matrix for the construction of dehydrogenases sensor.

镍的硫化物是一种重要的功能材料,它具有较强的微波吸收效能,可作飞机的隐身材料;具有很强的磁热效应,作为磁制冷材料,可用于空间技术、地球物理探测、磁共振成像、粒子加速器、超导体及军事防卫等领域.

The present teaching practice of Chemistry Methodology and the development of its course-books in normal universities obviously lag behind the educational reform in high schools.The curriculum design of Chemistry Methodology is monotonous;more emphasis has been put on theories than on practice;the field of learning has been over-emphasized whereas the integration of different but related courses has been ignored.It is pointed out in this paper that the curriculum reform of Chemistry Methodology in normal universities should be compatible with the curriculum reform in high schools.It is concluded that more importance should be attached to practice and that theories should be integrated with practice.