ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in foodborne disease cases in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a basis for the prevention and investigation of foodborne diseases and outbreak events.MethodsInformation on foodborne disease patients from 2014 to 2023 was collected, and stool or anal swab samples were tested for relevant pathogens. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in pathogen detection rates among different groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for pathogen detection.ResultsA total of 5 814 samples were tested, with a positive detection rate of 15.36%. The detection rates were 4.95% for norovirus, 4.49% for Escherichia coli, 3.59% for Salmonella, 2.22% for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 0.11% for Shigella. The positive detection rates showed seasonal characteristics, with a minor peak in March-April dominated by norovirus and a major peak in July-September dominated by bacteria. The three groups with the highest detection rates were workers, white-collar workers and other groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, season, and antibiotic use before consultation were significant influencing factors for pathogen detection (P<0.05). Total pathogen detection risk was lower in the group that took antibiotics before visiting the clinic compared to those who did not (OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.15‒0.49). The detection risk for norovirus was lower in the preschool age group (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.04‒1.00), in summer and autumn (OR range 0.23‒0.41), and in the group taking antibiotics (OR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.15‒0.92), but higher in the adolescent group (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.05‒1.88). The detection risk for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was higher in summer (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.30‒2.60). The detection risk for Salmonella increased in the elderly group and in summer (OR range 1.44‒2.21), but decreased in the adolescent group, in winter, and in the group taking antibiotics (OR range 0.22‒0.65). The detection risk for Vibrio parahaemolyticus increased in summer and autumn (OR range 1.80‒1.90), but decreased in the primary and secondary school student group and in winter (OR range 0.10‒0.32).ConclusionThe prevalence of foodborne disease pathogens in Haining City is relatively high. Age, season, and antibiotic use before consultation are independent influencing factors for pathogen detection. These findings suggest that specific hypotheses regarding pathogenic factors can be proposed based on the time of occurrence and the age distribution of cases during field investigations of foodborne outbreaks.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between juvenile body mass index(BMI)/waist circumference(WC) and adult blood pressure(BP), and to further explore the mediating role of adult BMI/WC in this association.METHODS:Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) from 1993 to 2015, 1313 subjects were selected, who participated in the survey both in juvenile(6-17 years old) and adult(18-35 years old). The mediating effect model was used to analyze the effect of adult BMI/WC in the association between juvenile BMI/WC and adult BP.RESULTS:There was a positive correlation between juvenile BMI/WC and adult systolic blood pressure [β(SE)_(adjusted)=0.10(0.03)/0.08(0.03)] and diastolic blood pressure [β(SE)_(adjusted)=0.13(0.03)/0.08(0.03)] with P <0.01. Adult BMI/WC played partial mediating effect in the association between juvenile BMI/WC and adult systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure: the percentage of mediating effect of BMI were 70.00%(95%CI 42.68%-73.33%)for SBP and 23.08%(95%CI 14.29%-26.32%) for DBP, the percentage of mediating effect of WC were 37.50%(95%CI 20.00%-41.67%)for SBP and 25.00%(95%CI 20.00%-35.71%) for DBP, respectively.CONCLUSION:There is a positive correlation between juvenile BMI/WC and adult BP, and adult BMI/WC might mediate the effect of juvenile BMI and WC on adult BP.
目的 分析1993-2015年中国7～18岁儿童青少年腰围变化规律及腹型肥胖的流行趋势,为进一步探索原因和采取控制措施提供理论依据.方法 以“中国健康与营养调查”1993-2015年8轮调查中的7～18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,采用偏度系数-中位数-变异系数法揭示腰围分布变化规律,并以《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准》(WS/T 586-2017)为判断依据分析腹型肥胖流行趋势.结果 1993-2015年,中国7～18岁儿童青少年腰围分布曲线峰值下降、尾部右偏,期间男女生腰围均值分别增加3.84,1.55 cm.男生和女生的腰围百分位曲线P50、P85分位数均呈现增高趋势,且高百分点增幅更大.男女生腹型肥胖率分别从4.08％,6.29％增至20.64％,20.98％,且男生、城市学生的增幅高于女生、农村学生.无论体质量指数(BMI)是否超过超重阈值,儿童青少年腹型肥胖的发生率均呈上升趋势,腹型肥胖在BMI低于超重阈值学生中的发生率从3.03％增加至9.21％.结论 中国儿童青少年腰围水平和中心腹型肥胖率呈升高趋势,且腰围高百分点的增幅更大.中心型肥胖率在不同BMI水平的儿童青少年中均呈上升趋势,亟需采取有力措施抑制腰围过快增长.
目的 分析海宁市不同年龄与性别食源性疾病患者的可疑暴露食物差异,以期为食源性疾病原因食物的调查提供线索.方法 收集2012年1月1日-2019年8月31日浙江省海宁市监测点所有二级及以上医疗机构报告的病例档案信息,采用N(％)描述不同性别和年龄组可疑食物分布情况,采用Logistic回归分析不同人群各类型食物的暴露风险.结果 本研究共纳入10525例食源性病例患者.前五位可疑暴露食物类别为水产品及制品、肉及其制品、水果及其制品、主食、蔬菜及其制品,其中,男性暴露风险更高的食物类别包括水产品及其制品(OR=1.320,95％CI:1.187～1.469),酒类(OR=5.695,95％CI:3.613～8.977)和包装饮用水(OR =3.790,95％CI:1.327～11.880).各年龄组具有不同高危暴露食物,与19-49岁年龄组相比,≤5岁年龄组更易暴露于乳制品(OR=6.096,95％ CI:4.452～8.328)、蛋类(OR=6.096,95％ CI:4.452～8.328)、水果类(OR=3.488,95％CI:2.858～4.257)、包装饮用水(OR=3.488,95％ CI:2.858 ～4.257);6-18岁年龄组更易暴露于乳类(OR=2.325,95％CI:1.616～3.352);≥50岁年龄组更易暴露于蔬菜类(OR =2.091,95％CI: 1.789 ～2.445)、蛋类(OR=1.874,95％CI:1.454 ～2.416)和主食类(OR=1.332,95％CI:1.152～1.547).结论 不同年龄和性别人群对各类别食物具有不同暴露风险等级,提示在进行食源性疾病调查时可依据病例年龄和性别分布差异提出针对性的病因食物假设.
目的 分析中国儿童青少年体质量指数(BMI)变化趋势与自评BMI的一致性及影响自评BMI的相关因素,以期为相应干预措施的制定提供科学依据.方法 以"中国健康与营养调查"2000-2015年6轮调查资料中6238名6～18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,采用偏度-均值-变异系数(LMS)法揭示BMI变化规律,采用x2检验和Kappa一致性检验评价其与自评体重的偏差,采用多元Logistic回归模型分析影响体型自我评价的相关因素.结果 2000-2015年儿童青少年BMI百分位数曲线P50和P85均显示增高趋势,且高百分位增幅更大.无论年龄和性别,实测BMI与自评体重一致性较差(Kappa＜0.3),50％以上的消瘦和超重(除13～18岁女生)调查对象误认为自身体重正常,约1/4体重正常调查对象误以为自身体重异常.城市男生更易自评体重偏瘦[OR值(95％CI)=1.43(1.18～ 1.73)],喜欢流行节目[OR值(95％CI)=1.80(1.23～2.55)]和卡通/动漫[OR值(95％CI)=1.39(1.00～ 1.96)]的男生更易自评体重超重.高年龄组[OR值(95％CI)=2.74(2.08～3.61)]、城市[OR值(95％CI)=1.53(1.21～1.94)]、喜欢流行节目[OR值(95％CI)=1.74(1.27～2.38)]的女生更易自评体重超重;喜欢动漫/卡通节目的 女生更会认为自身体重偏瘦[OR值(95％CI)=1.78(1.33～2.40)].结论 过去十多年来中国儿童青少年BMI呈现升高趋势,且与自评BMI偏差较大,年龄、现住地和喜欢视频节目类型会影响体重的自我评价.
目的 分析≥60岁老年人免费接种流感疫苗的影响因素,为各地开展免费接种流感疫苗项目提供依据.方法 采用偶遇抽样方法,于2018年9月-2019年5月在海宁市17家预防接种门诊选择海宁市≥60岁的户籍居民为调查对象.采用自行设计的流行病学调查问卷收集调查对象的基本情况、生活习惯、健康状况和免费接种流感疫苗情况,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价焦虑和抑郁情况.采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析≥60岁老年人免费接种流感疫苗的影响因素.结果 共发放问卷800份,回收有效问卷743份,回收有效率为92.88％.男性380人,占51.14％;女性363人,占48.85％.年龄中位数为69岁.共免费接种流感疫苗352人,接种率为47.38％.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI分类(OR: 1.372～2.204, 95％CI: 1.010～4.804)和抑郁(OR=0.551,95％ CI:0.377～0.807)是≥60岁老年人免费接种流感疫苗的影响因素.结论 海宁市实施老年人免费接种流感疫苗项目后,≥60岁老年人接种率较高,应重点关注体重正常和抑郁老年人免费接种流感疫苗情况.
目的 了解影响免疫规划服务人群满意度的因素,重点发现预防接种门诊有待改善的服务领域,为改进预防接种门诊服务提供依据.方法 使用统一的匿名问卷,采用偶遇抽样法,对海宁市17家预防接种门诊0～4岁儿童家长开展调查,每个门诊调查60名儿童家长.结果 家长文化程度、职业、家庭经济收入、户籍与家长对门诊的总满意度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).星级门诊和规范化门诊之间家长满意度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).家长对“接种医生的技术(X7)”和“工作人员的服务态度(X6)”满意度较高,对“接种门诊拥挤情况(X4)”和“去接种疫苗便捷情况(X1)”满意度较低.结论 海宁市星级预防接种门诊建设改善了预防接种服务环境和接种秩序,更好地确保了接种安全,但接种等候时间过长等问题仍需完善和提高.
目的 分析海宁市2016年特定病原体食源性疾病监测结果,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供依据.方法 对海宁市人民医院报告的特定病原体食源性疾病病例资料进行描述性统计分析,并采集病例粪便标本或肛拭子进行病原体检测.结果 2016年共报告特定病原体食源性疾病440例,男女比为1.08:1,年龄以16岁～组最多(26.36％),职业以工人(39.32％)和农民(22.73％)为主;第三季度为食源性疾病的高发季(30.00％).共检出致病菌和病毒57株,其中诺如病毒27株、 副溶血性弧菌21株、 沙门菌7株和志贺菌2株.结论 应重点加强工人、 农民等职业人群及高发季节的食源性疾病监测工作,进一步完善监测体系,加强健康教育.
目的:了解海宁市居民对糖尿病相关知识的知晓情况,评价健康教育的效果.方法:随机抽取参与中国糖尿病基层培训项目的25个社区共1 000人,开展为期1年的各种形式的健康教育活动,干预前后进行问卷调查,同时对糖尿病人自我管理行为进行调查.结果:干预后糖尿病患者、高危人群及普通居民三类人群糖尿病的症状、诊断依据、高危人群定义、糖尿病的危害、糖尿病的危险因素、糖尿病饮食及治疗等的知晓率均高于干预前(x2＞3.84,P＜0.01);干预后糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼及自觉改变不良饮食和生活方式的比例分别由64.57％和76.96％提高到82.17％和99.78％(x2 =7.419,P＜0.01;x2=25.989,P＜0.01).结论:通过进行一定频度的系统的健康教育,可以明显提高居民的糖尿病知识知晓程度,提高糖尿病患者的自我管理技能.
<正>近年来,北京电力公司在落实国家电网公司制定的《国家电网公司培训项目质量管理暂行办法》的实践中,探索创新了具有电力企业特点的培训质量管理制度,加强了对培训需求的调查、培训项目的设计与策划、培训项目组织实施以及培训考
