Der Beitrag untersucht medizinische Dissertationen als bislang wenig beachtete Quelle der „Alltagsforschung“ und rückt damit eine Wissensform in den Fokus, die zwischen Lehrbuchwissen und avantgardistischer Studienpublikation angesiedelt ist. Am Beispiel eines Korpus von Doktorarbeiten zum Kaiserschnitt aus den Jahren 1875–1914 wird gezeigt, wie sich medizinisches Wissen im Spannungsfeld von Innovation und klinischer Konsolidierung entwickelt. Dissertationen, die per definitionem heute einen originären Beitrag leisten sollen, spiegeln nicht nur den jeweiligen Forschungsstand wider, sondern machen auch wissenschaftliche Konjunkturen, lokale Besonderheiten und Praktiken akademischer Anerkennung sichtbar. Die Analyse verdeutlicht, dass die Dissertationen neue operative Verfahren aufgreifen, deren Indikationen, Grenzen und Risiken diskutieren und sie zwischen experimenteller Erprobung und klinischer Routine verorten. Zugleich wird der Kontext einer sich professionalisierenden Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe sichtbar, die sich im späten 19. Jahrhundert zunehmend ausdifferenziert. Insgesamt erscheint der Kaiserschnitt in den Dissertationen weniger als lineare Erfolgsgeschichte denn als ein von Unsicherheiten, Kontroversen und schrittweisen Anpassungen geprägtes Verfahren. Die Arbeiten tragen somit zur Bewertung und Weiterentwicklung operativer Techniken bei und dokumentieren zugleich die Dynamik medizinischer Wissenszirkulation im untersuchten Zeitraum.

Medizinische Dissertationen ermöglichen präzise Einsichten in den Wissenstand und in die Forschungsmethodik zu einer bestimmten Zeitepoche. Im Gegensatz zu eher kanonisierten Lehrbuchtexten werden in Dissertationen wissenschaftliche Diskurse und unterschiedliche Auffassungen oftmals kleinschrittiger und damit nachvollziehbarer dargestellt. Damit sind sie einschlägige Quellen, um die Entwicklung eines Spezialgebiets nachzuvollziehen und zu analysieren, sind jedoch häufig nicht, auch aufgrund unzureichender Dokumentation, im Fokus der wissenschaftshistorischen Forschung. Im Kontext eines Forschungsprojekts zur Dissertationskultur in der Urologie wird in diesem Beitrag am Beispiel des Dorpater Chirurgen Georg Adelmann die Einbettung einer frühen Dissertation zur Endourologie in die zeitgenössische Forschungsdiskussion untersucht.

Science prizes contribute to the visibility of researchers within and outside the medical community. Our article contains a descriptive analysis of the prize development in German medical societies since the turn of the millennium, focussing on the development of gender differences and discussing the findings with regard to necessary structural changes and the general significance of prizes in medicine. The study is based on data from all documented prizes and honours awarded by the 183 German medical societies currently organised in the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften) in the period 2000–2023, including the Fritz-Külz-Award in pharmacology. For the first time, our study enables a differentiated overall view of the diverse prize culture in German medical societies, with 1213 awards (including 201 scholarships). The results show that the gender award gap found in international studies, particularly for prestigious awards, has continuously narrowed in the awarding practice of German medical societies since 2000. However, a gender-specific imbalance is still recognisable, particularly in the case of prestigious honorary prizes and more highly endowed research prizes. Differences between the specialist societies, depending on the speciality, the respective proportion of female specialists and the proportion of female scientists among the members must be investigated in further detailed studies. The specialist societies are therefore called upon to make their nomination and application practices even more transparent in order to better recognise potential disadvantages.

As the international scientific relations and competition between the East and the West changed dramatically during and after the Second World War, academies of science came to play increasingly important roles in the context of „Science Diplomacy“. Using the examples of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (Halle), the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic (Berlin) and the Royal Academy of Sciences (Stockholm), this paper focuses on scientific academies as contact zones for researchers in medicine from Sweden and the GDR. Drawing on member files and travel reports from academy archives, we show how pre- World War II networks and language skills shaped the scientific contacts between the academies during the first decades of the cold war. One result of the efforts to increase the reputation of the GDR as a science nation was underlined by a cooperation agreement between the Royal Academy of Sciences and the GDR academy in 1972, combined - as the example of microbiology shows - with an intensive scientific cooperation of which the participating researchers equally could benefit from.

Doctoral dissertations in medicine provide precise insights into the state of knowledge and research methodology at a particular time. In contrast to more canonised textbook texts, dissertations often present scientific discourses and different views in a more detailed and therefore more comprehensible manner. This makes them relevant sources for tracing and analysing the development of the specialist field, but they are often not a focus of research into the history of science, partly due to insufficient documentation. In the context of a research project on dissertation culture in urology, this article uses the example of the Dorpat surgeon Georg Adelmann to analyse the embedding of an early dissertation on endourology in the contemporary research debate.

Der Sicca-Förderpreis zeichnet seit 1999 jährlich klinische und grundlagenwissenschaftliche Arbeiten auf dem Forschungsgebiet des Trockenen Auges aus. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, mittels qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden interne Strukturen, Netzwerke und Auswahlprozesse von PreisträgerInnen für den Sicca-Förderpreis zu analysieren. Grundlage der Untersuchung sind Originaldokumente, Ausschreibungen, Sitzungsprotokolle (1999–2024) sowie Interviews mit Jurymitgliedern. Von insgesamt 360 Bewerbungen (1999–2024) konnten mehr als die Hälfte (54

The Sicca Advancement Award has been awarded annually for clinical and basic work in the field of dry eye research. The aim of this study is to analyze the internal structures, networks, and selection processes of Sicca Award winners using qualitative and quantitative methods. The study is based on original documents, calls for applications, meeting minutes (1999-2024), and interviews with jury members. Of a total of 360 applications (1999-2024), more than half (54%) were awarded a prize. There has been a steady increase in the number of female applicants and prize winners. Düsseldorf, Erlangen, and Cologne were identified as particularly successful research locations. Jury members often serve for long periods of time. Since 2014 at the latest, jury members have not participated in the discussion or voting for applicants from their own institution. On average, €2,497.27 prize money is awarded, which is too low to directly promote research. Rather, the Sicca Award is a funding and networking tool. The award has raised awareness in the field of dry eye research and ensured its place in German ophthalmology. Thanks to extensive marketing, the Sicca Advancement Award is more prominent than many other awards in ophthalmology.

The dentist Jenny Cohen had to flee Germany in 1933 due to racist persecution. After emigrating to the Netherlands, the Soviet Union and Sweden, she returned to the Soviet Occupation Zone/German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1947. She was active there as a health politician until 1966. In this article, we use (autobiographical) publications and files from the Swedish National Archives and the Federal Archives in Berlin to examine the tense relationship between Jenny Cohen's self-presentation and the way she was perceived by others in the context of different communities of remembrance. According to the findings, the narrative of a consistent socialist life course, which is largely characterized by her autobiographical sketch, and the public esteem in which she was held as a ,,Verdienter Arzt des Volkes" ('deserving doctor of the people') contrasts with the distrust of her emigration history, her character suitability and her abilities as a leader, which is evident in the files. The frame of reference of National Socialism is particularly powerful for the current memory of Cohen.

AbstractDrawing on central research questions of memory studies, this article outlines various topics and divergent concepts about the relationship between the history of science and the public perception of scientists and scholars. The focus is on the different recurring trends and transformation processes, to which this culture of remembrance is subject and the various roles of historians in this context. The article also serves as an introduction to this special issue and its contributions, which use exemplary studies from the history of medicine and pedagogy to shed light on the continual negotiation process of cultures of remembrance resulting from changing historical frames of reference, particularly in dealing with the legacy of National Socialism.

The field of urodynamics playes a major role in the development of urology as a specialty. It was the corner stone in functional thinking and a major point in establishing a science of its own, because physiological aspects payed the major role in generating new theories. This was in contrast to surgery. Within this field of medicine it needs up to the 1970th and 1980th establishing a functional view on aspects of treating diseases at all. Up to this time here, knife had the first place.A part of this topic regarding aspects of the German speaking countries had just been published Moll F. Halling T Geschichte der Urodynamik in: Schultz-Lampel, D., Goepel, M., Hampel, C. (eds) Urodynamik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2022 pp 3-22 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59066-9_1 p 2-22.Moll, F. 2001 Historische Anmerkungen zur Entwicklung der Neuro-Urologie in: Nissen G., Badura F. (Hrsg) Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Nervenheilkunde, Band 7. Königshausen und Neumann Würzburg 2001.

BACKGROUND:Awards provide their recipients with fame and recognition, and subsequently facilitate publications and acquisition of external funding through increased visibility. We hypothesize that despite increasing representation in pathology, women are underrepresented as awardees in the German Society of Pathology and consequently there is an associated imbalance between genders.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Published data from the German Society of Pathology on female awardees during the period from 2000 to 2022 were examined. Only awards specifically dedicated to the field of pathology were considered. In addition, the publicly available data of the German Medical Association on gender and age distribution of pathologists in Germany were considered as reference material.RESULTS:A total of six different awards were included in the analysis. Among the 143 awardees across 150 individual awards in the period from 2000 to 2022, 55 (38.4%) of the awardees were female compared to an average percentage of 31% of women working in the field of pathology in the 23-year period under consideration. Consequently, female awardees in pathology were not underrepresented when compared to the national figures on the proportion of women in the field of pathology. However, the distribution of female awardees across individual awards suggests that women were increasingly represented in less prestigious research and doctoral awards, while men made up a large proportion of awardees of honorary awards (0% women) and prestigious awards (17% women).

This article focuses on analysis of the international controversy provoked by the posthumous awarding of the 1972 Peace Prize of the German Book Trade to the Jewish-Polish physician, pedagogue and writer Janusz Korczak (1878/79-1942). The controversy, which centred around the recipient of the prize money, can be identified as an important catalyst both for the popularisation of the Korczak movement and for the institutionalisation of Korczak research in Germany, particularly in the field of pedagogical research. The article investigates the various interests and goals of memory policy actors in academia, business, politics and the media, and emphasizes the very strong link between Korczak's oeuvre and Holocaust remembrance, in the light of correspondences, manuscripts and press reports about this award ceremony. The mechanisms of the reciprocal transfer of attention between scholars and the public are examined from the perspective of memory studies and the history of science, particularly with regard to their specific influence on the establishment of German-language Korczak research.