Developing high-yielding and quality forage crops adapted to Mediterranean conditions is essential to meet the increasing feed demand in the region. This research was conducted for two consecutive years in 2020–21 and 2021–22 under Mediterranean climatic conditions in Adana, Turkiye to determine the yield and quality of seven rescuegrass Bromus catharticus Vahl. breeding lines developed by selection breeding. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Significant effects of year, line, and year × line interactions were observed for most traits. Plant height increased from 76.1 cm (establishment year) to 111.4 cm (second year), while tiller number rose from 8.0 to 19.3/plant. Line 17 exhibited the highest fresh forage yield (19.9 t/ha) and dry matter yield (6.8 t/ha) in the second year, significantly outperforming other lines. Forage quality analysis revealed that Lines 13 and 14 showed superior nutritional value, with crude protein contents of 13.68% and 13.92%, respectively, and lower fiber fractions. Acid detergent fiber ranged from 41.99% (Line 13) to 45.08% (Line 17), while relative feed value varied between 62.3 and 69.3. Strong negative correlations were observed between yield and quality parameters, indicating a typical yield-quality trade-off in forage breeding. These results demonstrated substantial genetic variation among rescuegrass lines and identify Line 17 for high-yield breeding objectives and Line 13 for quality-focused programmes adapted to Mediterranean conditions. Future studies should focus on multi-location trials and molecular characterisation to develop improved rescuegrass cultivars for Mediterranean conditions.

This study was conducted in 2025 with the aim of determining the vegetation characteristics of the pasture located in the Sarıçam district of Adana province. In the vegetation survey, a modified loop method was used to determine botanical composition and vegetation cover across the eastern, western, and northern sections of the pasture. Plant life spans and grazing response categories were assessed based on species characteristics. According to the findings obtained from the study, the average vegetation cover was 77.6%. Within the vegetated areas, the proportions of grasses, legumes, and other plant families were determined as 40.2%, 12.9%, and 46.9%, respectively. A total of 59 plant species belonging to 30 families were identified in the surveyed pasture, most of which were classified as invasive species. Among the different sections of the pasture, yellow bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng) was identified as a decreaser species, whereas bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) was found to be an increaser species. The results of the study indicate that, due to the high density of invasive species in the pasture within the Çukurova University campus, appropriate pasture improvement and management strategies need to be developed.

Bu araştırma, Kozan kıraç koşullarında bazı İskenderiye üçgülü (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) çeşitlerinin ot verimi ve ot kalitesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2020-2021 ve 2021-2022 yetiştirme sezonlarında iki yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada iki adet İskenderiye üçgülü çeşidi (Derya ve Efsane) test edilmiştir. Deneme, Çukurova Üniversitesi Kozan Meslek Yüksekokulu Yerleşkesi Araştırma ve Uygulama arazisinde, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak tesis edilmiştir. Araştırmada, iki yıllık ortalama değerlere göre İskenderiye üçgülü çeşitlerinin bitki boyu 91.5-102.4 cm, yeşil ot verimi 2219.4-2795.4 kg da-1, kuru ot verimi 521.4-761.2 kg da-1, kuru maddede ADF oranı %40.4-%41.5, kuru maddede NDF oranı %54.8-%57.6, kuru maddede ham protein oranı %17.8-%20.4 ve nispi yem değeri 91.4-97.7 arasında değişmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, Kozan’ın kıraç koşullarında ve benzer ekolojilerde hayvancılık işletmelerinin kaliteli kaba yem temin etmesi amacıyla, Derya çeşidine göre ot kalitesi düşük olmasına karşılık, ot veriminin yüksek olduğu Efsane çeşidinin tavsiye edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu araştırma, Adana ili Sarıçam ilçesinde yer alan Çukurova Üniversitesi Kampüsü içindeki doğal bir meranın üç farklı yöneyindeki bitki ile kaplı alan oranı ve botanik kompozisyonunun belirlenmesi amacıyla 2014 yılında yürütülmüştür. Vejetasyon etüdü lup yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmış ve mera yöneylerinin bitki ile kaplı alan oranları, alana göre botanik kompozisyon oranları, bitkilerin tür, cins ve familyaları, ömür uzunlukları, otlatmaya karşı gösterdikleri tepki grupları (azalıcı, çoğalıcı, istilacı) ve türlerin frekans değerleri saptanmıştır. Mera yöneylerinin bitki ile kaplı alan oranı ortalaması %50 olurken, bitki ile kaplı alanda buğdaygillerin oranının %45.1-%75.3, baklagillerin %0.0-%12.9, diğer familya türleri oranının %22.1-%42.1 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Vejetasyon etüdünde 23 familyadan 44 cinse ait 44 türe rastlanmıştır. Vejetasyon etüdü yapılan meranın batı yöneyinde en sık rastlanan türün kırmızı yulaf (Themeda triandra Forssk.), doğu yöneyinde en sık rastlanan türün tüylü sakal otu (Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf), taban kesimde ise en sık rastlanan türün yumrulu arpa (Hordeum bulbosum L.) olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, istilacı türlerin yoğun olduğu bu meranın ıslah edilebilmesi ve uygun ıslah yönteminin belirlenmesi amacıyla yeni araştırmaların yürütülmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu araştırma, Çukurova Bölgesi ikinci ürün koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek bazı inci darı (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) çeşitlerinin ot verimleri ve bazı agromorfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 5 adet inci darı çeşidi (Ashana, Heveahri, White, Yellow, Tifleaf3) test edilmiştir. Araştırmada, bitki boyu, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, yaprak oranı, sap çapı ve kardeş sayısı bakımından inci darı çeşitleri arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bitki boyu ile yeşil ot verimi (0.9773**) arasında çok önemli ve olumlu, bitki boyu ile kuru ot verimi (0.9562*) arasında önemli ve olumlu, bitki boyu ile yaprak oranı (-0.9417*) arasında önemli ve olumsuz, yeşil ot verimi ile kuru ot verimi (0.9932**) arasında çok önemli ve olumlu, yeşil ot verimi ile yaprak oranı (-0.9889**) arasında çok önemli ve olumsuz, kuru ot verimi ile yaprak oranı (-0.9916**) arasında çok önemli ve negatif ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Mevcut bulgular doğrultusunda, inci darı çeşitlerinin ikinci ürün koşullarında mısır ve sorguma alternatif olabileceği, ot verimi bakımından White ve Heveahri çeşitlerinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha üstün olduğu, incelenen çeşitlerin ot kaliteleri ve silaj verimlerinin belirlenerek yeni araştırmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

This research was carried out under rainfall conditions of the Mediterranean climate to study the effects of BC40-AR60, BC20-AR80) on forage yield and quality characteristics of mixture. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. Annual ryegrass sown as pure produced higher green forage yield than berseem clover sown as pure and the mixtures. In the mixture of berseem clover at 20% seed rate and pure annual ryegrass, higher hay yields were determined compared to the other mixtures. In terms of total LER, BC80-AR20 and BC20-AR80 mixtures were the two most advantageous mixtures, while the aggressivity value of annual ryegrass showed a positive value and became the dominant species. Pure sown berseem clover had lower ADF, NDF and higher crude protein content than pure sown annual ryegrass and other mixtures tested. According to these results, it can be said that berseem clover can be included in the mixture at low seed rates for high forage yield under rainfall conditions, while berseem clover can be grown as pure for high forage quality.

This study was conducted to determine the herbage yield and some geomorphological characteristics of some pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) cultivars that can be grown under second-crop conditions in the Cukurova Region. The experiment was established according to a randomized block design with 3 replications in the research area of the Field Crops Department of the Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Five pearl millet cultivars (Ashana, Heveahri, White, Yellow, and Tifleaf 3) were tested in the study. In the study, significant differences were found among pearl millet cultivars in terms of plant height, green forage yield, hay yield, leaf ratio, stem diameter, and number of tillers. In addition, there were significant and positive correlations between plant height and green herb yield (0.9773**), significant and positive correlations between green forage yield (0.9562*), significant and negative correlations between leaf ratio (0.9417*), significant and positive correlations between green forage yield and hay yield (0.9932**), significant and negative correlations between leaf ratio (-0.9889**), and significant and negative correlations between hay yield and leaf ratio (-0.9916**). In light of the present findings, it was concluded that pearl millet can be an alternative to corn and sorghum in second-crop conditions. White and Heveahri cultivars were superior to other cultivars in terms of hay yield, and new research should be carried out to determine the hay quality and silage yield of the cultivars examined.

This research was carried out as two separate trials established in two different years to determine the effects of different seed ratios and harvest stages of different annual companion crop species on the hay yield and botanical composition of a pasture mixture under Mediterranean climate conditions. The field trials were established in a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement in three replications. The research results showed that barley, annual ryegrass, and berseem clover can be utilized as companion crops in artificial pasture systems. The inclusion of these companion crop species in the pasture mixture resulted in an increase in forage yield and a significant decrease in weed infestation. While delaying the harvest stage of the companion crop does not have a notable effect on the proportion of legumes and weeds in the total biomass, it significantly enhances the dry forage yield and the proportion of grasses in the overall biomass of the mixture.

This research was carried out as two separate trials established in two different years to determine the effects of different seed ratios and harvest times of different annual companion crop species on the hay yield and botanical composition of a pasture mixture under Mediterranean climate conditions. The field trials were established in a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement in three replications. The research results showed that barley, annual ryegrass, and berseem clover can be utilized as companion crops in artificial pasture systems. The inclusion of these companion crop species in the pasture mixture resulted in an increase in forage yield and a significant decrease in weed infestation. While delaying the harvest time of the companion crop does not have a notable effect on the proportion of legumes and weeds in the total biomass, it significantly enhances the dry forage yield and the proportion of grasses in the overall biomass of the mixture.

This research was carried out as two separate trials established in two different years to determine the effects of different seed ratios and harvest stages of different annual companion crop species on the hay yield and botanical composition of a pasture mixture under Mediterranean climate conditions. The field trials were established in a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement in three replications. The research results showed that barley, annual ryegrass, and berseem clover can be utilized as companion crops in artificial pasture systems. The inclusion of these companion crop species in the pasture mixture resulted in an increase in forage yield and a significant decrease in weed infestation. While delaying the harvest stage of the companion crop does not have a notable effect on the proportion of legumes and weeds in the total biomass, it significantly enhances the dry forage yield and the proportion of grasses in the overall biomass of the mixture.

Bu çalışmada, Akdeniz ikliminin sulanan koşullarında, kışlık ara ürün olarak yetiştirilebilecek dört biryıllık çim (Lolium multiflorum L.) çeşidinin yem üretim potansiyelleri araştırılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak 2019-2020 ve 2020-2021 yetiştirme sezonlarında yürütülmüştür. Bitki boyu, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, ADF, NDF, ham protein oranı, ham protein verimi, sindirilebilir kuru madde oranı, sindirilebilir kuru madde verimi ve nispi yem değeri bakımından çeşitler arasında önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Akdeniz iklimi koşullarında Teanna ve Alberto çeşitlerinin yüksek verim ve orta düzeyde ot kaliteleri ile başarılı bir şekilde yetiştirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Hayvansal üretimin en önemli girdisini oluşturan yemler içerisinde kaba yemler ekonomik hayvancılığın en önemli ögesini oluştururlar. Sistemli bir kaba yem tedarik planı olmayan hayvancılık işletmesinin karlı olması olanaksızdır. Kaba yemlerin kaynağını doğal çayır-meralar, tarla tarımı içerisinde yetiştirilen yem bitkileri ve bitkisel üretim hasat artıkları oluşturur. Bu çalışmada, Adana ilinde kaba yem üretiminin durumu ve geliştirilme olanakları tartışılmıştır.

Existing information on the ecology, distribution and plant traits of Lotus taxa is scant for the natural flora of Turkey, which is one of the most important countries in the Mediterranean zone for genetic resources and genetic diversity of these species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine (i) morphologic, agronomic, phenologic, stand persistence traits and growth habits of some wild narrowleaf birdsfoot trefoil (NBT; Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit.), and (ii) the relationships between these traits and altitude, latitude or longitude of the natural habitats, the samples of which were obtained from diverse natural areas of Black Sea Region, Turkey. The altitudes of sampling sites ranged from 1 to 1510 m. A total of 86 wild NBT were sampled in the study. NBT was present in all ranges of altitude, although its frequency was the highest in altitudes between 1-300 m. On the other hand, considerable variations were determined for the investigated traits, except for growth habit in which all populations had decumbent growth habit. The results of the present study indicate that NBT better adapted to lowlands and studied region offers important genetic resources for further researches and also may serve as a valuable breeding material for new grazing-type and disease resistant NBT varieties.

Birdsfoot trefoil, which is native to Turkish flora, is the most valuable and common Lotus species in Turkey. However, existing information on the ecology, distribution, and plant traits of the Birdsfoot trefoil is scant for the natural flora of Turkey. Therefore, seeds from 126 wild birdsfoot trefoil (WBT) populations were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in natural pasture and rangelands located (altitudes ranged from 5 to 2193 m a.s.l.) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. These populations were grown under the same ecological conditions in 2010 and 2011 to determine the ecotype traits of the WBT and the relationships between these traits and the geographical features of the locations. The WBT was present (1-25% of botanical composition) in all ranges of altitude, although there was an increase in the presence and frequency of WBT with increasing altitude until 1000 m a.s.l. There were negative correlations between some traits (dry matter and seed yields, morphologic, and also root and crown-rot resistant traits) and altitude at which the seeds were collected. The data revealed that there was evidence of considerable inherent variations in all traits and thus there was a huge genetic diversity in the region. When populations were compared for agronomic and morphologic traits, the best populations were between altitudes of 251 and 500 m. It was observed that all populations had a spreading growth habit, except for 05TA01, 05TA02, and 60ER01 (semi-erect) and 60TU02 (semi-spreading). The results suggested that new grazing, forage types, and disease resistant WBT varieties may be bred from the studied populations.

To investigate the effect of seed origin on the nutritive value of narrowleaf birdsfoot trefoil (NBT, Lotus tenuis Waldst.&Kit.), seeds of 86 NBT populations were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in natural pastures and rangelands located at different geographical gradients of the Black Sea Region, Turkey. Some nutrient contents of these populations regrown under the same conditions were determined. Minimum and maximum values with regard to the crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Ca, P, Mg, K and condensed tannin contents, relative feed value, Ca P-1 and K (Ca+Mg)-1 ratios were found as 176.83 and 238.87, 201.00 and 351.61, 307.19 and 435.48, 15.01 and 21.60, 2.18 and 3.77, 3.03 and 4.02, 8.43 and 16.69, 20.00 and 31.50 g kg-1 dry matter, 189.70 and 263.41, 4.73 and 9.57, 0.35 and 0.88, respectively. The effects of seed genotype from different altitudes (Ca P-1), latitudes (digestible dry matter and ADF) and longitudes (CP and Mg) on some nutrient contents and feed values were found significant (P<0.05). The correlations between altitude and NDF, P and Mg or between latitude and P and Mg contents of populations were significant. There were no specific trends in chemical composition and the nutritive value of tested NBT populations due to geographical variation. Thus, the results suggested that all studied geographical populations can be selected to obtain the nutritionally superior forage.

The aim of this study is to determine the physiological changes that occur in middle-aged sedentary individuals who do aerobics and fitness exercise for recreation purposes and also to determine the effects of sport-based recreation in terms of physiology and health. For this purpose, 58 (48.32 ± 4.65) middle- aged sedentary male subjects who were involved in sports-training activities at Giresun Swimming Pool Fitness Sport Hall 2012-2013 participated in the study. The subject-group was subjected to an aerobic-based training program in parallel with their physical conditions three days a week for a period of 12 weeks. When pre and post-test results obtained were compared, a statistically significant decline was found in men in terms of parameters such as body- weight, body mass index, body fat content (%), basal metabolism, total daily energy requirement of the body, age and muscle strength; whereas an increase was observed with respect to VO2max parameter.

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To investigate the effects of seed origin on the nutrient content and nutritive value of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seeds of wild birdsfoot trefoil (WBT) communities were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in pasture, rangelands and silvopastoral areas located at four altitudes, two latitudes and eight longitudes ranges of the Black Sea Region, Turkey. The relative feed value (RFV) and metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and condensed tannins (CT) contents, K/(Ca + Mg) and Ca/P ratios of 126 populations from these seeds collected from different locations and grown under the same climatic conditions were determined. Altitude was significantly correlated with the abundance of WBT (r(2) = 0.71). The abundance of population (percentage of WBT populations) in the silvopastoral areas (58.4 %) was higher than that in upland (5.6 %), pasture (16.7 %) and rangeland (19.3 %). The ME, RFV and ADF, NDF, P, K and CT contents of populations were not influenced by altitudinal and geographical gradients. There were obvious effects of altitude on Ca and Mg, of latitude on Ca and of longitude on CP, Ca and Mg, and also on Ca/P and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios. This study provided information on genetic potentials of WBT populations in terms of nutritional properties. The results indicated that seeds selected from the populations that have high feed value can be used to improve the studied areas or artificial pasture and agroforest landscapes.