Background: To determine the human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific prevalence and distribution among women with various age and cervical lesions in Shanghai, China. And to evaluate the carcinogenicity of different high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and the efficacy of HR-HPV testing and HPV vaccine. Methods: The clinical data from 25,238 participants who received HR-HPV testing (HPV GenoArray test kit, HybriBio Ltd) at the Affiliated Hospital of Tongji University from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed and analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0, Tongji University, China). Results: The overall prevalence of HPV was 45.57% in the study population, of which 93.51% were found HRHPV infection. The three most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV 52 (22.47%), 16 (16.4%) and 58 (15.93%) among HPV-positive women, and HPV 16 (43.30%), 18 (9.28%) and 58 (7.22%) in women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer (CC). 8.25% of CC were found to be HPV negative. Only 83.51% of CC cases were related to the HPV genotypes covered by nine-valent HPV vaccine. HPV prevalence and genotype distribution varied with age and cervical histology. The odds ratios (OR) of HR-HPV for CC were also different, among which the top three types were HPV 45 [OR= 40.13, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 10.37-155.38], 16 (OR=33.98, 95%CI 15.90-72.60) and 18 (OR=21.11, 95%CI 8.09-55.09). The increase in the types of HPV infection did not increase the risk of CC correspondingly. As the primary cervical screening method, HR-HPV testing showed the high sensitivity (93.97%, 95%CI 92.00-95.49) but low specificity (42.82%, 95%CI 41.81-43.84). Conclusions: Our study provide the comprehensive epidemiological data on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among Shanghai women with various cervical histology, which can not only serve as a significant reference for clinical practice, but also implicated the need of more effective CC screening methods and HPV vaccine covering more subtypes.

目的:观察氧糖剥夺(OGD)后神经胶质瘤细胞U87中单羧酸转运蛋白(MCT)1、4的表达变化,探讨神经胶质瘤增殖、生长的分子机制.方法:体外培养的U87细胞随机分为对照组和模型组(OGD组),模型组每组干预1、3和6h.运用免疫荧光和免疫印迹观察MCT1、4的表达变化.结果:与对照组相比,模型组中MCT1、4的表达均增高,并随氧糖剥夺时间增长其表达逐渐增强.结论:U87中MCT1、4在氧糖剥夺后表达增强,提示MCT1、4可能参与神经胶质瘤微环境中乳酸的转运,并与其增殖、存活相关.

目的 探讨新生儿高、低剂量乙肝疫苗免疫策略的成本效益.方法 以北京市1992年出生新生儿为研究对象,采用成本效益分析方法,对高剂量(10μg×3针)和低剂量(5μg×3针)乙肝疫苗免疫策略的预防效果进行卫生经济学评价.结果 实施高剂量免疫策略,可使上述人群急性乙型肝炎、慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌及乙肝表面抗原携带者分别减少1 392、1 445、365、43和3 220例,由此可节省8 046.61万元,效益成本比(BCR)为10.60;低剂量策略对应减少人数为1 233、1 279、323、38和2 851例,节省费用7 123.49万元,BCR为13.16.不同筛查方案、接种率、贴现率、接种成本、筛查率及疫苗保护率不改变上述结果.结论 高剂量免疫策略可减少更多的乙肝相关疾病的发生和节省更多的费用,但BCR低于低剂量免疫策略.我国现已推行的高剂量免疫策略可以获得更好的乙肝防控效果.

目的 分析北京市成人高危人群乙肝疫苗免疫接种成本效果.方法 采用马尔科夫模型估计对北京市医务人员及表面抗原阳性的成人的配偶及其家庭成员进行乙肝疫苗接种的成本效用比,并对影响成本效用的因素进行敏感性分析.结果 如果采用国产试剂筛查乙肝五项,并按照20 μg国产乙肝疫苗接种3剂,接种率100％,则针对北京市医务人员接种每获得一个质量调整生存年数(quality-adjusted life-year,QALY)节省费用90.17元;针对乙肝表面抗原阳性者家庭成员接种乙肝疫苗每获得的一个QALY节省费用2 470.10元.不同的筛查方案、接种率、贴现率和QALY权重下,该结论不变.结论 北京市目前推荐的乙肝疫苗高危人群接种可获得较好的成本效用比,有必要提高上述人员乙肝疫苗接种率,从而最终降低北京市乙肝发病率和死亡率.

To study the microbiological contamination of kitchen dishcloths in Chinese housholds, 1010 'in-use' kitchen dishcloths were collected from residential premises in Beijing and Shanghai, and they were sent to the laboratory for microbiological quality analysis. The aerobic plate counts for dishcloths were 10-109 cfu/cm2 in the range of 150 cfu/cm2 to 1.776×109 cfu/cm2 (Beijing) and 62.5 cfu/cm2 to 8.75×108 cfu/cm2 (Shanghai). Nineteen species of bacteria were detected in the dishcloths, most of which were conditional pathogenic bacteria. This study found a significant difference in the aerobic plate counts of dishcloths with regard to type, number of the days used, activities used for, and some family factors. The findings of the study highlight the potential for contamination of kitchen dishcloths within homes.

甲状腺相关眼病 ( thyroid associated ophthalmopa-thy, TAO) 是一种常见的眼眶疾病, 发病率居成人眼眶病首位. TAO 与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病有关,主要发生在格雷夫斯病 ( Graves' disease, GD) 甲状腺功能亢进患者中, 少数发生在甲状腺功能低下或正常患者中, 发病率女性 16/10 万, 男性 2. 9/10万[1].

目的 了解北京市乙肝感染不同结局者治疗现状及年均总费用,为进一步完善北京市乙肝防治策略提供卫生经济学证据.方法 以人群为基础的多阶段抽样和医院为基础的乙肝病例随机抽样相结合的方法,收集乙肝病毒(HBV)感染不同结局相关病例1 587例,调查其2009-07-01-2010-06-30因乙肝相关费用.结果 共收集急性乙型肝炎89例、乙肝病毒携带者274例、慢性乙型肝炎973例、肝硬化139例、肝癌112例.人均总费用分别为:急性乙型肝炎22 941.68元、乙肝病毒携带者1 007.90元、慢性乙型肝炎11 777.28元、肝硬化54 473.94元和肝癌128 309.35元.肝硬化及肝癌患者年均总费用为当年人均可支配收入的2.04倍和4.80倍.1/3的慢性乙型肝炎患者从未接受过抗病毒治疗.结论 北京市乙肝相关疾病,尤其是肝硬化和肝癌给患者造成较大经济负担;慢性乙型肝炎患者的抗病毒治疗率有待进一步提高.

Objective:The observations had been done to define the nature of the cytoryctes in Hela cells under electron microscope and to found out the regularity of HPV major capsid protein L1 express in HPV positive uterine cervix cancer cells.Methods:HPV L1 expression of cultured HeLa cells was detected by ELISA,light microscope and electron microscope immunohistochemistry assays,Western blot assay using HPV L1 mice monoclonal antibody.L1 mRNA in HeLa cells was detected by reverse transcriptional PCR(RT-PCR).Results:ELISA assay manifests demonstrated that HPV L1 was present in lysate of HeLa cells.HRP labeled light microscope immunohistochemistry showed strong positive reaction in HeLa cells.Observed under electron microscopy,there are lumpish cytorrhyctes materials in the cytoplasm of partial HeLa cells.These cytorrhyctes materials were aggregated by very small and uniform particles and these particles can be marked by HPV L1 antibody which was labeled by colloidal gold.Western blot assay present a band at 55 kD district it was L1 specific strap which demonstrat HPV18 L1 was present in HeLa cells.Conclusion:The cytorrhyctes in HeLa cells under electron microscope are composed of HPV18 L1 and L1 can be expressed in the HeLa cells.

<正>放线菌病是一种少见的慢性化脓性感染性疾病,男性多于女性,人与人或人与动物之间无传染性。以色列放线菌(actinomyces Israeli)是人类感染的主要致病菌,该菌系微厌氧菌或微需氧菌,常寄生于健康人龋齿及扁桃体小窝内,当口咽部分泌物吸入下呼吸道时可引起原发性肺放线菌病。国内外已有较多文献

Objective To explore the expression of Wnt2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the suppressive effect of knocking down Wnt2 expression by RNAi on Hepatocellular cell line HepG2.Methods RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry methods were used to detect the expression of Wnt2 in HCC,paired Paracancerous tissue and normal liver tissue;After knocking down the expression of Wnt2 in HepG2,testing the change of Wnt2 and cell proliferation level and cycle change.Results 1)Wnt2 expressed is the highest in cancer,paired Paracancerous tissue is the second smallest and normal liver minimum.2)Using RNAi technology,the expression of Wnt2 was downregulated.HepG2 proliferation was inhibited the cell growth was mainly detained in G0/G1 and the percentage of S decreased.Conclusions Wnt2 is over expressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma;siRNA can inhibit expression of Wnt2 as well as the growth of HepG2.Wnt2 may be a novel target in gene regulation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Methylated genes have the potential to provide a new generation of cancer biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate: (1) the promoter methylation status of DAPK1, RAR-β2 and MGMT in randomly selected normal cytology of the general female population; (2) the effectiveness of gene methylation in liquid-based cytology to help in the early diagnosis of HSIL; (3) the relationship between HPV infection and gene methylation.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was the main cause of cervical cancer. There were only a few reports and detailed data about epidemiological research of HPV infection in rural population of China.Materials and Methods: The cervical cells of rural Chaozhou women were collected, and multiplex real time PCR was firstly performed to detect high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection, which could detect 13 types of HR-HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68). Then, HPV-positive samples were typed by HPV GenoArray test.Results: HR-HPV DNA was detected by multiplex real time-PCR in 3830 of 48559 cases (7.89%). There was a peak incidence in age of 55-60 years group, and a lower incidence in who lived in plain group compared with suburban, mountain and seashore group. 3380 cases of HPV positive sample were genotyped, 11.01% (372/3380) cases could not be classified, among the typed 3008 cases, 101 cases were identified without HR-HPV type infection, 2907 cases were infected with one HR-HPV type at least, the 6 most common HR-HPV types in descending order of infection, were type 52 (33.4%, 16 (20.95%), 58 (15.93%), 33 (9.94%), 68 (9.22%) and 18 (8.36%). The combined prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 accounted for 28.52% of total infection. However, type 52 plus 58 presented 48.23% of total infection. 2209/2907 cases were infected with a single HPV type and 698/2907 cases were infected with multiple types, and multiple infection constituent ratio increased with age, with a peak incidence in age 55-60 years group.Conclusions: Our findings showed low prevalence of HPV vaccine types (16 and 18) and relatively high prevalence of HPV-52 and -58, support the hypothesis that the second-generation HPV vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women in rural Guangdong Province.

Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) plays a central role in physiological function including cell growth and differentiation,angiogenesis,wound healing and so on.In the process of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),TGF-β can promote mesenchymal cell proliferation,migration,accumulation and increase production of extracellular matrix(ECM) components,then,induce the development of intestinal fibrosis.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Limited epidemiologic data of HPV prevalence are available for women attending hospitals in southern China. This study aimed to evaluate the profiles of HPV infection and cytology status in gynecological outpatients in Chaozhou City. Methods: A total of 2833 eligible women were enrolled. The HPV GenoArray test was used for HPV detection and genotyping. Nearly one half of the HPV positive women received liquid-based cytology test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictable effects of age and genotype for categories of abnormal cytology. Results: The prevalence of overall, high-risk, and low-risk HPV infection were 24.5%, 19.5% and 8.4%, respectively. A U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve was observed in overall HPV and high-risk HPV, but not in low-risk HPV, which declined with age increasing. The 6 most common high-risk HPV type in descending order, were types 52, 16, 58, 18, 68, and 33. Age and HPV genotype were both important determinants of abnormal cytology incidence, the older women (>45 years) and those infected with HPV type 16 and/or 18 having the highest risk for abnormal cytology. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that second-generation HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women residing in Chaozhou and neighboring cities in Guangdong.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an early-warning indicator system on outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome by Delphi method seeking expert advices.METHODS:Firstly, the literature review and the experts meeting method were used to formulate the initiator frame work and indicators. A two-round consultation was used to filter indicators, discuss the boundary of indicators and determine the weighting coefficient among 25 experts from 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The relative weightiless of indicators was determined by the weight coefficients method.RESULTS:The experts' average length of service in prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was (23.80 ± 11.70) years. The positivity coefficients of the two-round experts were 100% and 72%. Kendall's coefficients of the two-round consultation were 0.50 (χ(2)(R) = 148.95, P < 0.01) and 0.54 (χ(2)(R) = 212.63, P < 0.01) and opinions among experts became consistent and the consultation had achieved the need of forecast. Four first-class indicators (host animals, risk population, social environment and case-related indicators) and 14 second-class indicators were filtered to develop the indicators system. The weight coefficients of the first-class indicators were 0.28, 0.23, 0.23 and 0.26.CONCLUSION:The early-warning index system of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has been established and it could provide a reference for the forest and warning of HFRS outbreak.

干细胞的成骨分化对于骨的发育重建至关重要。除了经典的遗传学和表观遗传学的调控之外,越来越多的研究表明microRNA也在这一过程中发挥着重要的作用。microRNA是一类内源性的非编码RNA,能够通过与靶mRNA特异性的结合而导致其降解或抑制其翻译,从而对基因进行转录后调控。本文就microRNA在成体干细胞成骨方向分化中的调控作用做一综述。

Molecular typing was conducted according to the reported method for one HBsAg positive carrier who had a physical examination in Yunnan Province. The S gene of this HBV sample was amplified by nested PCR and the PCR products were directly sequenced. Blast searching was done on the Genbank database and the sequence were compared with the HBV reference sequences in database. The phylogenetic tree was constructed. Homology analysis of nucleotide and smino acid were performed between the sequences from the sample and the reference sequences corresponding to HBV genotype A to I. Analysis of nucleotide and amino acid identities suggested that the sample belonged to HBV genotype I. The HBV genotype I is the first reported in China.

Objective To develop an early-warning indicator system of brucellosis outbreak. Methods The methods of literature review and expert discussion were used to formulate the initiatory framework and indicators, and then Delphi method was used to filter indicators, discuss the boundary of indicators and determine the weighting coefficient. Results The average length of service provided by experts who engaged in prevention and control of brucellosis was (25.10 ± 8.80) years and the positive coefficient of the consultant experts of the two-round results were 95% and 68%, respectively. Kendall coefficients were 0.35, 0.54 and X2R value were 81.31 and 285.27, respectively and P value was all less than 0.01. Five first-level indicators(the host animal, high-risk groups,social environment, index case and the level of previous disease) and 13 secondary indicators were selected to develop the early-warning indicator system of brucellosis outbreak. The weight coefficients of the five first-level indicators were 0.21, 0.22, 0.17, 0.21 and 0.19, respectively. Conclusions The early-waming indicator system of brucellosis outbreak is initially established. We propose to develop the early-warning programs according to local conditions and the indicator system.

Objective To develop an indicator-based early warning system for Lyme disease outbreaks. Methods The preliminary framework and indicators were formulated based on literature review and expert consensus. The early warning indicators and respective weights were determined using Delphi expert consultation, and the impacts of different indicators were measured by weighting coefficients. Results An indicator-based early warning system for Lyme disease was formed using six primary warning indicators, including the host and vector, high-risk population, meteorological factors, social environment, previous prevalence and index cases, as well as 14 secondary indicators. Conclusion The indicator-based early warning system for Lyme disease in China has been basically established. Local early-warning proposals should be based on the indicator system and tailored to the actual situations.