Artificial intelligence is increasingly integrated into daily life, and modern educated individuals should have the ability to use AI tools correctly to improve work, study, and life efficiency. In this context, artificial intelligence literacy has been proposed. Due to the lack of consensus on the constructs of artificial intelligence literacy, this study used the scoping review to summarize the AI literacy constructs, including recognize AI, know AI, AI ethics, AI empowerment, AI self-competence and apply AI. In order to further explore the relationship between these six constructs, this study distributed an artificial intelligence literacy questionnaire to 276 non-expert university students (referring to students who have not received formal artificial intelligence education) and used structural equation modeling to verify the hypothesis. Research has found that recognize AI, know AI, AI ethics, AI empowerment, and AI self-competence all have significant positive predictive effects on apply AI. Know AI also has a significant positive predictive effect on AI ethics, AI empowerment, and AI self-competence. AI ethics, AI empowerment, and AI self-competence play a mediating role in the relationship between know AI and apply AI. The findings further improve the constructs exploration of artificial intelligence literacy in current research and provide some inspiration for teaching practice.

Based on the UTAUT model, many studies have analyzed the factors influencing the use of artificial intelligence by teachers and students, but the conclusions are not uniform. This study chose high quality studies and encoded them to do meta analysis. After heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test, it has been found that facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence are the main factors affecting the use of artificial intelligence by teachers and students. At the same time, national regions, group identities, application fields, application stages, and tool types play varying degrees of moderating roles in influencing factors. To enhance the use of AI in education, some implications should be implemented.

全球科技竞争新形势下,各国纷纷采取有针对性的国际人才引进政策,但就如何通过国际人才管理将引进人才转化为强大的人才势能和国际竞争力仍需借助适配的政策工具.本文通过对近5年美国国际人才管理相关政策进行工具—目标二维分析,发现美国在人才质量、效益和流动多重目标下搭配使用供给型、需求型和环境型政策工具,通过打通教育就业的人才留用转化渠道、双向激发引才主体和人才本身需求、优化硬制度文化和软社会文化环境等举措将持有签证的流动性国际人才转化为稳定的公民身份,实现国际人才智力资本和社会资本的效益最大化.全球科技竞争新形势下,我国需进一步以明确需求型政策为导向,刺激和调动国际人才引进主体需求;以福利性供给政策为依托,突出发展性供给政策的可持续影响;以制度环境政策为根基,以经济环境政策为抓手,营造包容的文化社会环境.

The confluence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,the global higher education revolution,and the resurgence of engineering in higher engineering education underscores the urgency and significance of establishing an independent system for cultivating high-level innovative engineering and scientific talent.Since the first Industrial Revolution,China's higher engineering education system has undergone four stages,including nascent development,exploratory construction,adjustment and optimization,and excellent growth.However,as educational system development shifts from external pressures to strategic imperatives,there are still imbalances in the structure,the absence of industry participation,disconnection from practical applications,and lack of innovation in the country's development of high-level engineering doctoral talent.Hence,there is an immediate need to bolster the establishment of a high-quality autonomous system for engineering doctoral candidates:including the imperative to proactively design the direction for engineering doctoral programs and optimize the scale and specialization of these programs;initiate pioneering efforts in the establishment of corporate engineering doctoral degree programs,leveraging the role of enterprises as primary training grounds;break new ground in innovative policies and incentive systems to stimulate corporate engagement in engineering doctoral education;explore the construction of a long-term and specialized practical training system,creating a new model of collaborative education between academia and industry;and systematically enhance the future competencies of engineering doctoral candidates by developing a novel training program that integrates original innovation with engineering practical skills.

Background: Since 1980, diversification of university funding sources has been an important trend in higher education all around the world. Obtaining non-governmental fund has been on the agenda of most universities. Top American universities have been long participants and beneficiaries of capital campaigns. The object of this study is to explore the characteristics and trends of fund-raising movement in top universities in the United States.Methods: This study used a multiple-case study research design. Primary data were gathered through multiple sources, principally face-to-face, in-depth individual interviews and field notes, and all data are allowed to be published publicly. Secondary data included published reports, and archived data in the form of university's financial reports, donation activities' reports, and alumni association's work reports.Results: From the multiple-case study, the paper concludes three results. The first result is to explain characteristics and tendencies of capital campaigns in the top American universities from the perspective of value orientation, objectives, projects, forms, platform, operation, performance, industry organization and layout. The second result is to clarify the benefits of capital campaigns for the development of universities. And the last result is to reveal the implications for other universities.Conclusion: The current study's findings suggest that the universities should take an all-round reform of the fundraising campaign and cultivate a vibrant alumni donation ecosystem, so as to more efficiently transform private wealth into public education resources, promote fair opportunities for higher education, alleviate social contradictions, explore the unknown frontier, and advance social stability and sustainable human progress.

全球化的深入发展加速各类资源在全球范围内的流动调配,全球性挑战的出现需要高等教育领域通力合作贡献解决方案.作为一种高等教育领域的组织制度创新模式,国际大学联盟已然成为大学获取优质资源、参与全球治理的重要平台.当前在全球范围内存在多个目标多元、形式各异的国际大学联盟.文章基于战略联盟理论,对国际大学联盟的发起建立、初步形成和管理治理全过程进行深入分析,明确其建立动因、常见类型、组织体制和运作机制,并从人才培养、科学研究和社会服务三个维度评价国际大学联盟的成效.

当下,学科交叉研究已成为大科学时代科研范式变革不可逆转的重要发展趋势,集群招聘计划是世界一流大学学科交叉研究人力资源配置的主要路径和重要经验.本文以美国10所实施集群招聘计划的高校为多案例研究对象,探索并归纳集群招聘计划的行动路径和经验.经过三级编码、数据迭代与归纳总结,研究发现集群招聘计划呈现出清晰的四个阶段实践发展路径,即驱动力—构建共同行动框架—过程变革—成效显现.在总结经验的基础上,研究建议我国大学在实施集群招聘或类似人力资源建设计划时可参考以下四点:增设学科交叉管理部门,强化学科交叉研究人力资源配置的顶层设计;鼓励多主体参与,构建学科交叉研究与发展共同体;搭建共同行动管理框架,提升学科交叉研究人力资源配置效率;建立争端解决机制,有效疏解集群招聘实践中的冲突和矛盾.

战略人才力量对于国家科技创新发展和综合国力提升至关重要.长期以来,美国作为世界头号经济与科技强国,通过构建"高质准入、规范细化"的战略人才移民体系、"高投入度、宽覆盖面"的留学生资助与培养体系、"资源驱动、产学一体"的科研创新平台、"立足现实、面向未来"的重大挑战计划以及"职能匹配、多元立体"的评价激励体系等举措,在战略人才力量建设方面成绩斐然.新形势下,全球科技和人才竞争加剧,作为后发型国家,我国需立足本国实际,在学习借鉴美国有益经验的基础上,在战略人才力量建设的基本理念、战略布局、引进聘任、支持服务、激励评价等领域深化体制机制改革,为实现高水平科技自立自强提供强有力的战略人才支撑.

近年来,学术不端事件频发,挑战我国学术公信力,侵蚀国家创新体系,引起了社会各界的广泛关注.从法律、执行、组织、监督、中介行业监管、学术共同体、理论和技术等维度辩证系统地审视我国学术不端的问题,并提出了我国学术不端治理的八条建议:推动针对学术不端行为的立法;成立国家学术诚信办公室;深入贯彻落实科研评价制度改革;培育支持第三方监督机构;打击学术黑中介服务;构建全生命周期学术诚信教育体系;探索中国学术不端治理理论建设与国际协同;加强技术创新.

本文基于响应式建构主义视角,提出了"双一流"建设科研成效评价要以学科分类为前提,明确"双一流"科研成效评价标准;以国家需求为导向,探索多学科交叉研究评价体制机制;以信息技术为抓手,建立"双一流"科研成效评价数据库;以多元价值为起点,建立"双一流"特色研究保护机制等建议.

高校教育基金会为高等教育事业发展提供了坚实保障.身处全球治理的大变局时代,提升高校教育基金会治理体系与治理能力是顺应我国治理体系与治理能力现代化、 建设"双一流"的重要体现.文章从政策保障、 主观意识、 投资机制、 队伍建设、 风险控制等五方面分析了我国高校教育基金会财务管理现状,在此基础上,对国内高校教育基金会的财务管理提出了完善建议.

近年来,推动学科交叉会聚成为"双一流"建设的关键举措,交叉学科研究在高等教育中的地位不断提高,而从事这类跨学科研究的教师绩效评价问题也日益凸显.交叉学科研究的复杂性决定了交叉学科教师绩效评价的特殊性与不确定性,也引发了交叉学科教师绩效评估体系改革的急迫性.亚利桑那州立大学是美国交叉学科教师绩效评价实践探索的典型案例,目前已经形成了集"教师联合聘任制度、教师在线协作网络、交叉学科委员会评议体系、创新多元评价矩阵"四者为一体的交叉学科教师绩效评估体系.文章详细分析了亚利桑那州立大学交叉学科教师绩效评价的改革举措和指标体系,并从"交叉学科研究保障、成果与利益分配机制、资助与评估机构设置、评价方法与数据实施"四个方面反思其实践特色,试图为我国交叉学科教师绩效评价的理论创新和实践探索提供启发.

在大众化进程中,我国高等教育体系分化并未完成,高等教育规模快速扩张加剧了普通高校发展不平衡,导致高等教育体系出现"泥足现象".本研究以生态学理论为基础,从高等教育与外部生态环境的交互作用及其内部构成要素进行分析,发现高等教育生态的外部失衡、生态位重叠、能量输入壁垒、过度竞争是"泥足现象"的主要成因.建议优化内外部环境,创造开放的制度条件,重塑高校生态位,构建良好的协同发展机制以改善高等教育体系失衡问题.

本文通过调查研究发现研究生培养质量存在校际差异和区域差异,导师的成长机制和岗位权利、导师职称、指导方式、导学关系等对研究生培养质量有较为显著的影响.本文建议从建立质量分类标准、培育人才培养质量文化、完善导师激励机制、优化导师指导模式等方面入手,提升研究生培养质量.

新冠肺炎疫情给我国高校科研管理带来重大影响,也暴露出我国高校科研管理中长期存在的若干问题,主要表现为高校科研评价机制扭曲、科研项目管理存在“新瓶装旧酒”现象以及科研设备与数据共享机制薄弱等问题.针对上述问题,疫情过后不仅要对高校科研管理工作进行深刻反思,而且还要在科研评价、项目管理、共享机制等方面对高校科研管理机制进行深度改革,以探索和完善具有中国特色的高校科研管理体制,助力我国科研治理能力和治理水平的稳步提升.

当今世界,以智能化、信息化为主要特征的第四次科技革命、产业革命和教育革命的会聚发展正在加速重塑世界,也带来了科学研究范式的重大变革.面对人类发展的重大挑战问题,通过会聚研究集中力量组织大科学、大项目攻关已成为当代科学发展的重要趋势.文章分析了会聚研究的基本范式,回溯了美国“大学主导”的重大挑战计划的历史进程、核心领域和主要目标,从科研管理架构、制度文化设计、项目传播策略、资金来源结构、人才培养模式、实践社区建设等方面总结了美国“大学主导”的重大挑战计划的科研模式创新.同时,从学科知识饱和度、实验数据标准化、项目领导力建设、内外多主体协同等方面分析了会聚研究面临的挑战.文章最后从打造学科会聚生态系统、培育一流会聚研究文化、拓展外部资源支撑体系、推进会聚研究实践社区建设、加强会聚人才战略储备等方面提出了对策建议.

实施研究生弹性学制改革是高校提升人才培养质量,加快“双一流”建设的重要着力点.我国研究生弹性学制改革经历三个阶段,形成四种弹性学制实践模式,未来应从扩大办学自主、拓宽招生范围,加强贯通分流、破解衔接障碍,优化资源投入、健全保障机制等方面入手,拓展弹性学制实践路径.

跨学科已经成为当代科学发展的时代特征.研究生跨学科的培养,既迎合了社会发展的需求,也符合知识生产的内在规律.跨学科的本质特征是交叉整合.基于生态系统的理论视角,研究型大学研究生跨学科培养模式可视为一个由多要素组成并相互联系的复杂结构系统.以6个研究型大学研究生跨学科学位项目为对象进行案例研究,采用内容分析法识别了研究生跨学科培养模式的关键维度和基本要素,包括批判性思维意识、跨学科团队授课、教师的专聘与兼聘等.从生态系统理论视角出发,根据模式建构的一般经验,尝试构建了研究型大学研究生跨学科培养模式的概念模型,为探讨研究型大学研究生跨学科培养模式的相关问题提供参考.

人才竞争力是“一带一路”沿线国家综合实力的体现,也是支撑“一带一路”建设的关键因素.“一带一路”沿线国家人才竞争力平均水平低于全球平均水平;“一带一路”各区域间人才竞争力发展不平衡,亚洲、大洋洲和中东欧地区较强,而南亚、非洲和拉美地区则较弱.我国在“一带一路”沿线国家人才竞争力排名表现中处于中上水平.我国在推进“一带一路”人才开发与合作时,需要关注人才竞争力的区域(国家)差异特征,把握各自的优势与不足,规避不必要的风险,保障合作实效;同时,应当强化高等教育合作,促进全球人才流动,拓展第三方市场资源,助推“一带一路”沿线国家人才竞争力提升,支撑“一带一路”建设.

Since the 1990s, “customer orientation” marketing has been widely applied to major gifts management of world-class U.S. universities, forming a donor-centered model for major gifts management. It focuses on donor demands management, relationship cultivation and value creation, which has a major effect on university fundraising and development. Through literature review and case study of the University of Pittsburgh, this study analyzes the major gifts management model of world-class U.S. universities in terms of theory, structure, operation model, and development characteristics. The findings show that there are two important characteristics of the organizational structure of major gifts management in the United States: one is the donation market segmentation and the donor classification management; the other is the refinement of donation management functions. And this paper proposes a nine-stage major gifts management model of world-class U.S. universities, which contains “Definition-Identification- Qualification-Development of Strategy-Cultivation-Solicitation-Negotiation-Acknowledgment -Stewardship.” Finally, this paper summarizes the development trend of major gifts management: emphasizing donor’s value creation, donor internalization and capitalization, cultivating prospective donors from national to international, moving towards integration of leading capacity building and donor orientation. Received : 08 April 2019 Accepted : 05 November 2019 Published online : 29 November 2019