The present study aimed to compare muscle mass and fat mass estimates between people with spinal cord injuries and their peers who participate in wheelchair sports. Thirty-six participants were divided into four groups: untrained paraplegics (UnP, N=7), wheelchair basketball players (WB, N=11), untrained quadriplegics (UnQ, N=8), and quadriplegic wheelchair rugby players (WR, N=10). Muscle mass and fat mass were assessed using anthropometric methods, measuring total muscle mass (MMTo, kg), leg muscle mass (MML, kg), trunk muscle mass (MMT, kg), arm muscle area (AMA, cm²), upper limb fat mass (ULFM, %), lower limb fat mass (LLF, %), axial fat mass (MAx, %), appendicular fat mass (MApp, %), and total fat percentage (%F). Regarding muscle mass, the UnP group exhibited higher values compared to the WB group (AMA: 85.60±19.53 vs. 78.81±23.10; MML: 13.16±0.72 vs. 12.26±1.06; MMT: 25.06±1.67 vs. 22.97±2.47; MMTo: 52.86±10.85 vs. 46.01±3.38). For fat mass, the UnP group showed higher %F, ULFM, LLF, and MApp compared to the WB group (21.38±5.55 vs. 16.66±3.57; 28.43±10.33 vs. 18.97±6.57; 27.68±3.88 vs. 25.64±4.81; and 43.47±4.58 vs. 38.78±5.19, respectively) and lower MAx (44.45±5.38 vs. 49.00±4.05). Among quadriplegic participants, the UnQ group had lower muscle mass values compared to the WR group (AMA: 49.91±13.78 vs. 51.58±12.97; MML: 12.12±0.98 vs. 12.73±1.35; MMT: 22.63±2.29 vs. 24.07±3.16; MMTo: 45.55±3.14 vs. 47.52±4.33). Regarding fat mass, the UnQ group had higher %F, ULFM, LLF, and MApp compared to the WR group (22.60±7.68 vs. 18.51±6.53; 25.38±11.73 vs. 21.90±8.92; 30.13±6.78 vs. 23.57±4.27; and 44.56±6.02 vs. 38.30±4.34, respectively) and lower MAx (44.62±6.33 vs. 49.92±2.91). In conclusion, participating in wheelchair sports can lead to beneficial changes in body composition among people with spinal cord injuries.

This study compared muscle power indicators among Parabadminton athletes and identified the contributions of anthropometric factors and types of impairment. Seventy-four athletes, comprising 47 in the ST group (STANDING-ST, SL3, SL4, SU5, and SH6) and 27 in the WH group (WHEELCHAIR-WH, WH1 and WH2), underwent muscle power tests. The ST group performed three countermovement jumps (CMJ), measuring maximum height (CMJMax, cm), percentage of maximum height (%CMJMax), power (PO, W), and reactivity index (RI). The WH group performed three medicine ball throws, with the best throw (BEST, m), percentage of the best throw (%DIFMax), absolute power (PO, W), and relative power (PO, W/kg) measured. MANCOVA comparison tests were conducted ( p < 0.05 ). For PO (W), SU5 athletes exhibited higher values than SL3 and SH6 athletes ( 1920 W vs. 1020 W and 814 W ), and SL4 athletes showed higher values than SL3 and SH6 athletes ( 1604 W vs. 1020 W and 814 W ). In the WH group, BEST and PO (W) were superior for the WH2 class ( 5.27 m vs. 6.40 m; and 10.5 W vs. 12.8 W ). In the ST group, type of impairment and body mass index significantly influenced CMJMax ( F = 522.837, p = 0.028 ) and RI ( F = 561.829, p = 0.023 ), while in the WH group, the sport classes influenced BEST ( F = 8.410, p = 0.008 ) and PO (W) ( F = 96.181, p = 0.005 ), with height affecting BEST ( F = 19.154, p < 0.001 ) and PO (W) ( F = 191.539, p < 0.001 ). It can be concluded that type of impairment, body mass index, and height influence the best indicators of muscle power regardless of the classes analyzed.

PURPOSE:This study aims to review the scientific literature on commercial smart wrist-worn devices for monitoring health and well-being in older adults. Materials and methods: Searches were conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore. The included studies are original, peer-reviewed, published in English, and involved older adults aged 60 years and older who used commercial smart wrist-worn devices (such as smart bands and smartwatches). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:Following the eligibility criteria, 14 studies were selected for review. The studies evaluated the effectiveness of these wrist-worn devices in predicting fall risk, detecting atrial fibrillation, and analysing gait patterns and mobility in free-living conditions. Additionally, the devices proved effective in measuring physical activity parameters and assessing sleep. Overall, commercial wrist-worn devices show promise as reliable tools for monitoring health and mobility in older adults.

To compare the activation patterns of the shoulder muscles between 2 effort conditions, 8 participants without physical or motor impairment performed the Parabadminton-specific adapted shuttle run test in wheelchairs composed of 3 minutes moderately and intensely, under 2 counterbalanced conditions: with and without the racket. The electromyographic peak data of the anterior deltoid muscle (AD) and posterior deltoid muscle (PD) were collected and normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction previously evaluated. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare conditions (P < .05). The AD showed lower activation during intense effort with the racket (153.76 vs 80.58; P < .05). It was observed that during effort with the racket, there was greater activation of the 2 portions of the deltoid during intense effort (AD: 50.36 vs 67.71; PD: 119.75 vs 148.09). Similarly, when analyzing the condition without a racket, greater activations for both portions of the deltoid muscle were observed for intense effort (AD: 46.70 vs 132.16; PD: 100.04 vs 191.51). It is observed that the use of rackets in Parabadminton in a wheelchair can decrease the pace of recruitment of muscle fibers of AD and PD.

There has been lately a notable increase in the adoption of smartwatches and fitness trackers. These wearables have gained popularity by monitoring vital health parameters, such as heart rate (HR), employing a low-cost and non-invasive technique known as photoplethysmography (PPG). Despite its ease of continuous monitoring the cardiovascular system during daily activities, PPG signal is susceptible to noise, mainly caused by user movement during monitoring, particularly in activities involving vigorous body motion. Therefore, it is crucial that PPG-based devices undergo scientific validation to ensure their reliability and accuracy in real-world conditions. In this study, we conducted an assessment of the smartwatch Samsung Galaxy Watch4 (SGW4), comparing its performance with the Polar H10, an ECG device acknowledged as the reference for HR measurement during intense activities with intense body movements. Our research protocol involved 14 participants engaged in activities that induced a range of HR variations, covering light, moderate and vigorous intensities, including stationary cycling and treadmill workouts. We employed five metrics to compare HR measurements obtained from the SGW4 with those from the reference device. Additionally, a Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to evaluate the agreement between the two devices. The results of our study indicate that the SGW4 is well-suited for accurately measuring HR during usual exercises, spanning from low to high-intensity physical activities, and considering scenarios in which the SGW4 was either nearly stationary or in free movement.

This research aimed to conduct a systematic review of para powerlifting strength performance. The searches were conducted in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Intervention studies related to para powerlifting performance were included. The main information was extracted systematically, based on criteria established by the authors. The data on study design, sample size, participant's characteristics (e. g. type of disability, sex, age, body weight, and height), training experience, assessment tools, physical performance criteria, and force-related outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The studies (n=9) describe factors related to biomechanics and performance. Outcomes revealed that the one-repetition maximum test is used as load prescription and that para powerlifting should work at high speeds and higher loads. Regarding technique, grip width with 1.5 biacromial distance provides a good lift and partial amplitude training as an alternative to training. There are no differences in total load and movement quality in the lumbar arched technique compared with the flat technique. As a monitoring method, repetitions in reserve scale was used for submaximal loads. Finally, our outcomes and discussion indicated strategies and techniques that can be used by para powerlifting coaches.

O objetivo desse estudo foi relacionar variáveis cinemáticas do movimento propulsivo com a capacidade de desenvolver potência na cadeira de rodas. Foram avaliados 5 participantes adultos, sem deficiência e qualquer limitação articular, submetidos a um período de aquecimento de duração de dois minutos para a obtenção da frequência livre de propulsão (FCF). Em seguida passaram por um protocolo de cinco minutos em uma frequência a 150% da FCF. Os dados cinemáticos foram coletados durante os últimos dez segundos de cada minuto do protocolo. Foram realizadas correlações a fim de observar o comportamento das interações entre as variáveis. Adotou-se p<0.05. Como principais resultados não foram observados correlações significativas no primeiro minuto do protocolo para nenhuma das variáveis selecionadas. No segundo minuto houve correlações altas e significativas entre as variáveis ângulo do tronco e ângulo de impulsão (r=0.89) e entre tempo de impulsão e ângulo de tronco (r=-0,91). No terceiro minuto observou-se correlações altas e significativas entre ângulo de impulsão e ângulo de cotovelo (r=-1,00) e entre a potência e o tempo de impulsão (r=-0,90). No quarto minuto houve correlação alta e significativa entre ângulo de cotovelo e ângulo de tronco (r=-0,88). No quinto minuto foram observadas correlações altas e significativas entre potência e tempo de impulsão (r=-0,90) e ângulo de cotovelo e tempo de impulsão (r=-0,90). Em suma, dentre as variáveis cinemáticas estudadas o tempo de impulsão parece exercer uma forte influência na potência resultante no movimento de locomoção em cadeiras de rodas. Recebido em: 26/11/2022 Reformulado em: 22/03/2023 Aceito em: 25/03/2023

Esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar variáveis clínico-demográficas antropométricas, morfológicas e de composição corporal, correlacionando com o desempenho do teste de medicine ball em atletas de lançamento paralímpico. Foram avaliados 8 atletas por um questionário sociodemográfico e de nível competitivo, determinação da área muscular do braço por meio da circunferência dos membros superiores, avaliação da adiposidade corporal da espessura das dobras cutâneas triciptal, biciptal, abdominal, supra ilíaca, escapular, axilar, coxa medial e panturrilha e o desempenho da potência por meio do teste de medicine ball. Foi realizado um teste de regressão linear simples com o intuito de correlacionar as variáveis observadas e os resultados do arremesso de medicine ball. Adotou-se p<0.05. Como principal resultado, o desempenho no teste de medicine ball obteve significância com os resultados da morfologia do membro superior (R2=0,712; p=0,016) e com a adiposidade axial (R2=0,790; p=0.007), contudo, observou-se um nível de correlação interessante também com a adiposidade apendicular (R2=0,517), contudo sem significância estatística. Entende-se, portanto, a adiposidade axial e apendicular com o arremesso de medicine ball indicando que esses fatores podem influenciar no desempenho da força explosiva dos membros superiores em lançadores paralímpicos, indicando que o medicine ball pode ser uma ferramenta de avaliação e monitoramento da potência em diferentes momentos de uma temporada competitiva. Recebido em: 23/11/2022 Reformulado em: 26/03/2023 Aceito em: 04/04/2023

The measure of physical isolation adopted during a pandemic affected the daily routine of the whole world, including in the sports environment. Therefore, the study sought to compare the coping strategies used by Paralympic boccia athletes during the pandemic period. The sample consisted of 43 athletes (30 men and 13 women) aged 29.95±11,76 years. To identify and measure coping strategies, the ACSI-28 (athletic coping skills inventory) questionnaire was used in its version adapted to Portuguese and added to an electronic form. In data analysis, normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. After that, all inferential comparison analyzes were measured via nonparametric statistical tests with paired post-hoc DSCF tests. Thus, the results showed that there were significant differences between comparisons in terms of experience, “+10 years”, “5 to 10 years”, and “1 to 3 years” on the subscales “goals and mental preparation” (6.00±1.75 vs 5±1.50 vs 5±1.50; p<0.05; ES: 0.26) and “trainability” (9.00±3.25 vs 6.00±0.500 vs 8.00±3.00; p<0.05; ES: 0.19). More and less experienced athletes in the boccia modality showed superiority in facing the pandemic period, as they obtained better indices in the “goals and mental preparation and trainability” dimensions of coping strategies compared to their peers with less experience. La medida de aislamiento físico adoptada durante una pandemia afectó la rutina diaria de todo el mundo, incluso en el ámbito deportivo. Por lo tanto, el estudio buscó comparar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los atletas de bocha paralímpico durante el período de pandemia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 43 deportistas (30 hombres y 13 mujeres) con edad 29.95±11,76 años. Para identificar y medir las estrategias de afrontamiento, se utilizó el cuestionario ACSI-28 (inventario de habilidades de afrontamiento atlético) en su versión adaptada al portugués y agregado a un formulario electrónico. En el análisis de datos, la normalidad fue verificada por la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Después de eso, todos los análisis de comparación inferencial se midieron mediante pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas con pruebas DSCF post-hoc emparejadas. Así, los resultados mostraron que hubo diferencias significativas entre las comparaciones en términos de experiencia, “+10 años”, “5 a 10 años” y “1 a 3 años” en las subescalas “metas y preparación mental” (6.00±1.75 vs 5±1.50 vs 5±1.50; p<0,05; TE: 0,26) y “entrenabilidad” (9.00±3.25 vs 6.00±0.500 vs 8.00±3.00; p<0,05; TE: 0,19). Los atletas más e menos experimentados en la modalidad de bocha mostraron superioridad para enfrentar el período de la pandemia, ya que pudieron obtener mejores índices en las dimensiones “metas y preparación mental y entrenabilidad” de las estrategias de afrontamiento en comparación con sus pares con menos experiencia. A medida adotada de isolamento físico durante pandemia afetou a rotina diária de todo o mundo, inclusive no meio esportivo. Sendo assim, o estudo buscou comparar as estratégias de coping utilizadas por atletas de bocha paralímpica no período da pandemia. A amostra foi composta por 43 atletas (30 homens e 13 mulheres) com 29.95±11,76 anos. Para identificar e mensurar as estratégias de coping, foi recorrido o questionário ACSI-28 (athletic coping skills inventory) em sua versão adaptada para o português incrementado em um formulário eletrônico. Na análise dos dados, a normalidade foi verificada pelo teste de shapiro-wilk. Após isto, todas análises inferenciais de comparação foram mensuradas por via de testes estatísticos não paramétricos com testes post-hoc DSCF pareados. Assim, os resultados apontaram que houve diferenças significativas entre comparações no tempo de experiência, “+10 anos”, “5 a 10 anos” e “1 a 3 anos” sobre as subescalas “metas e preparação mental” (6.00±1.75 vs 5±1.50 vs 5±1.50; p<0,05; TE: 0,26) e “treinabilidade” (9.00±3.25 vs 6.00±0.500 vs 8.00±3.00; p<0,05; TE: 0,19). Atletas mais e menos experientes na modalidade da bocha demonstraram superioridade no enfrentamento ao período da pandemia, pois, conseguiram obter melhores índices nas dimensões “metas e preparação mental” e “treinabilidade”, das estratégias de coping quando comparados aos seus pares com menor tempo de experiência.

Several warm-up activities are used to prepare soccer players for training and games. However, few studies have focused on comparing different activities (strength vs. stretching) in young and amateur athletes, especially for performance improvement in explosive actions. Thus, in order to compare the effect of four conditioning activities on jump and sprint performances, 12 soccer athletes (age: 19 +/- 0.8; weight ( kg): 72.8 +/- 8.0; height (cm): 180 +/- 6.7) performed four warm-up activities: strength exercise (cluster system), combined exercise, plyometric exercise, and static stretching (control). The countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30-meter run (30-m Sprint) were performed 10 min after each experimental condition. A ONE-WAY ANOVA test of repeated measures was conducted with a Tukey's posthoc test to compare the conditions. The strength conditioning activity protocol (33.68 +/- 2.87) showed a significant difference for the CMJ from static stretching (30.96 +/- 3.16) (p > 0.05). There were significant differences regarding the 30-m Sprint test between strength conditioning (4.72 +/- 0.19) and combined activities (4.71 +/- 0.21) compared to static stretching (4.84 +/- 0.21) (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the combined conditioning activity and strength protocols can be chosen in warm-up activities instead of static stretching (control condition) for improved immediate sprint and jump abilities in amateur soccer players.

To verify the influence of home-based exercise and the type of physical limitation on the mood and quality of life were analyzed 34 Brazilian paralympic boccia athletes (with functional classes BC1 = 8, BC2 = 8, BC3 = 9, and BC4 = 9) of both genders, with different disabilities (e.g., cerebral palsy, quadriplegia, polio, congenital malformation, and muscular dystrophy). Profile of the Mood States and Quality of Life questionnaires were sent via apps through social media in electronic forms, and distributed throughout the country, in the shape of a snowball. To compare the typical characteristics of exercise at home in social isolation in the domains of mood state and quality of life, the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney were used. Then, to verify the influence of home training characteristics in isolation in specific groups of athletes (with and without cerebral palsy/with and without assistance) on the domains of mood state and quality of life, an analysis of covariance. No relevant differences exist between mood states and quality of life among the different demographic information analyzed. However, when controlling for comparisons through training covariates and the frequency used, it was found that the perception of quality of life under the "physical" domain presents significant differences among the analysis groups. The frequency of training in question may be enhanced by support covariates and the type of disability, significantly influencing their perceptions of quality of life. Keywords: Paralympic Sport; People with Disabilities; Cerebral Palsy; Sports Psychology; COVID-19.

Introduction: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have an unnatural cognitive loss of aging and have an increased chance of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Another factor that also increases this risk is the chronic inflammation caused by obesity, described by a body fat percentage (BF%) above healthy values. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether BF% in older adults with MCI correlates with AD biomarkers, such as total TAU protein and beta-amyloid. Methods: Twenty-one older adults with MCI were evaluated, 11 men and 10 women with a mean age of 66.3 (standard deviation, SD: ±5.88) years. The participants were submitted to the collection of 10 ml of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via lumbar puncture and evaluated regarding the dosages of CSF total TAU protein and beta-amyloid protein using immunoenzymatic ELISA kits: INNOTEST® ß-AMYLOID (1-42), INNOTESTR h TAU Ag (Innogenetics, Gent, Belgium). They were also evaluated for BF% on a bioimpedance scale (Tanita® BC-108). Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient was applied for statistical analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 Software. Results: Both men and women had an average BF% that classified them with higher BF (men: 27% (SD: ±4.23) and women: 36.7% (SD: ±4.84). We found a weak positive correlation (τ = 0.360*) between BF% and Total TAU protein concentration and between BF% and beta-amyloid protein concentration (τ = 0.341*). Conclusion: Our results provide an insight into the possible influence of BF% on concentrations of biomarkers related to neurodegeneration in elderly people at increased risk of developing AD. The higher the BF%, the higher the protein concentration that reflects neuroinflammation. Studies with more individuals with MCI and with different degrees of obesity are suggested to contribute to the investigation of the relationship between AD biomarkers and BF%.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze discus throwing in Paralympic athletes from two functional classes (FCs). Seven athletes from two classes F-44 (N=4) and F-46 (N=3) performed three throws each during a regional competition and were evaluated through 3D kinemetry. The assessed athletes presented a similar throwing technique, with a preparation movement opposite to the throw preceding the shot. Class F-44 showed a weak correlation between take-off speed and range (r= 0.15; p>0.05). F-46 showed a strong correlation between take-off speed and range (r=0.77; p=0.014). We conclude that athletes from the assessed FCs present important differences in terms of performance.

A Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), pautada pelos princípios da democracia, da transparência, da qualidade e do compromisso social, assume a Educação Superior como um bem público e um direito de todas e todos. Nesse sentido, estimula a melhoria das condições do trabalho docente, a inserção de metodologias de ensino inovadoras e a articulação dos conhecimentos teóricos e práticos nas diferentes áreas do saber como instrumentos de promoção de uma formação científica, humanística e artística que prepare nossos estudantes para a intervenção na realidade, segundo o compromisso com o desenvolvimento integral e sustentável, a equidade e a justiça social. Assim, a UFPE, por intermédio da Pró-Reitoria de Graduação e da Editora UFPE, oferta à comunidade acadêmica e à sociedade mais uma seleção da Série Livro-Texto, com o objetivo de contribuir para a formação da biblioteca básica do estudante de graduação e para a divulgação do conhecimento produzido pelos docentes desta Universidade. Os 34 livros selecionados para esta coleção, que contemplam diferentes áreas do saber, foram aprovados segundo as condições estabelecidas no Edital 14/2021 (Edital simplificado de incentivo à produção e publicação de livros digitais PROGRAD/Editora UFPE) e representam o esforço de discentes (de graduação e pós-graduação) e servidores (docentes e técnicos) e da gestão da Universidade em prol da produção, sistematização e divulgação do conhecimento, um de seus principais objetivos.

This investigation demonstrated a routine of evaluation and training of an athlete of the SL3 class of parabadminton for 2 days continuously monitored by a metabolic analyzer with measurements of oxygen consumption (V̇O2), carbon dioxide production, and heart rate (HR). The results showed HR and V̇O2 responses varying between 50% and 99.54% of HRmax (mean HR 80.92 bpm), and 6% and 104% (mean V̇O2 35.25 mL/kg/min) of V̇O2max, during the simulated game. The exercise test and the simulated training session showed significant changes in HR and V̇O2, reinforcing the need for considerable energy input to training and assessment.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although studies have been conducted in the athlete population during the pandemic, its impacts on Paralympic athletes are still unknown. Objective: To evaluate the mood and quality of life of Paralympic boccia players during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Method: Questionnaires assessing mood, quality of life, and demographic data were sent electronically via social media. The study included 43 athletes from all functional classes (BC1 = 8, BC2 = 12, BC3 = 11, and BC4 = 11) and four regions of Brazil (Northeast = 12, Southeast = 12, Central-West = 3, and South = 17). ANOVA, t test, and similar non-parametric tests were used, with the respective effect sizes (ES). Results: Regarding mood states, BC4 athletes differed from BC1 athletes in the depression subscale score (25.5 vs. 14.5, p = 0.026, ES=1.47). The fatigue subscale score differed between BC4 and BC1 athletes (17.8 vs. 10.4, p = 0.023, ES=1.38) and between BC4 and BC2 athletes (17.8 vs 10.3, p = 0.008, ES=1.32). BC4 athletes had higher total mood disturbance (TMD) values than BC1 (175 vs. 141, p = 0.025, ES=1.35) and BC2 (175 vs.141, p = 0.025, ES=0.97) athletes. Lower stress (18.5 vs.21.8, p = 0.027, ES=0.64) and TMD (148.0 vs 162.0; p = 0.044; ES= 0.53) values were observed among the national level athletes. In terms of quality of life, differences were found between BC4 and BC2 athletes in the psychological health domain (3.73 vs. 4.49, p = 0.024, ES=0.89) and between athletes from the Northeast and South in the environment domain (3.39 vs. 4.18, p=0.030, ES=0.44). Conclusion: BC4 athletes are more susceptible to negative mood and quality-of-life perceptions. Additionally, athletes from the Northeast region may have poorer perceptions of quality of life related to the environment in which they live. Level of evidence III; Retrospective study.

As Olimpíadas e as Paralimpíadas são bem esperados por todos. É simplesmente o maior evento esportivo do mundo, que reúne milhares de atletas de centenas de países diferentes e foi completamente atingido pela Pandemia da COVID-19. Ninguém contava que ações biológicas, SARS-CoV-2, poderiam modificar todo o cenário esportivo mundial. Dessa maneira, o estudo se propôs discutir sobre política, biossegurança e a realização dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos. Apesar das campanhas de vacinação o mundo ainda não está livre da pandemia da COVID-19. Tóquio encontra-se em estado de emergência atualmente em vigor. Ao final dos Jogos, o que será mais impactante, o maior acesso à vacinação pelos países ricos, que devem deter o maior número de medalhas, ou as intervenções políticas por instituições que têm interesses comerciais em Tóquio 2020?

The confinement period caused by the SARS-COV2 pandemic is another barrier to the practice of physical exercise by people with spinal cord injury (SCI). In view of the countless therapies targeted at this public, it is necessary to highlight the benefits of exercises performed at home. Thus, our objective was to determine the main characteristics of physical exercise training modes performed at home and their effects on people with SCI. We searched for intervention studies in five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Cochrane CENTRAL) by including the terms and descriptors: “spinal cord injury”, “home-based”, exercise”, “video game”, “home-based physical activity”. The selected studies were described by means of a narrative synthesis. Of 69,843 studies, only 10 met the eligibility criteria, totaling 153 investigated individuals (25 women and 128 men). Regarding the type of injury, 118 participants were paraplegic and 33 tetraplegic. The studies addressed functional electrical stimulation (n = 4), electronic assistive devices (n = 5) and stretching exercises (n = 1). We observed that the focus of the interventions was the morphological, motor neuron, quality of life and functional aspects. The studies showed improvements in muscle strength and morphology, in the ability to perform daily activities, in quality of life and in functional capacities, with no reported adverse situations. Although our review included a low number of randomized studies, we can conclude that several modes of exercise in the home environment promote benefits for people with SCI and can be options for maintaining or developing the health of this population.

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar e correlacionar os motivos de adesão à prática do para atletismo em adultos com deficiência física. Participaram do estudo 27 adultos (idade: 34,93 ± 8,51 anos). Todos foram avaliados pelo questionário de motivação para exercícios (EMI-2). A amostra foi subdividida em dois grupos de etiologia da deficiência (congênita, DC, N= 17; e adquirido, DA, N= 10) Os dados foram correlacionados pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e comparados por uma análise multivariada de covariância. Diversão/bem-estar, prevenção de doenças e competição (médias=4,76; 4,48; 4,47; respectivamente). Para o grupo DC, os motivos mais frequentes foram competição, diversão/bem-estar e prevenção de doenças (médias=4,66; 4,63; 4,49; respectivamente). No grupo DA, prevenção de doenças, saúde/bem-estar e condição física (médias= 4,45; 4,45; 4,40; respectivamente), foram os mais frequentes. Observou-se correlações significativas entre reconhecimento social e tempo de deficiência (r= 0,406; p< 0,05) e entre a prevenção de doenças e a idade (r= 0,403; p< 0,05). A análise multivariada revelou que reconhecimento social (p=0,006) e competição (p=0,043) apresentam-se de maneira diferente entre os grupos DA e DC. Contudo, ao se considerar a covariável idade, o controle do estresse (p=0,016) e a condição física (p=0,015), apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos avaliados. Concluímos que do ponto de vista absoluto, os aspectos relacionados à saúde, bem-estar e a competição parecem despertar mais motivação para a prática do para atletismo. Porém há que se considerar a idade e a etiologia da deficiência como fatores que podem modular os motivos de participação na modalidade. Palavras-chave: Motivação; Autodeterminação; Psicologia do esporte; Deficiência Física; atletismo paralímpico