Multiple-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) under linguistic environment is an important part of modern decision sciences, and information aggregation operator plays an import role in solving MAGDM problems. In this paper, an approach for solving MAGDM problem with q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic information is developed. First, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic weighted averaging (q-ROFTLWA) operator and the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic weighted geometric (q-ROFTLWG) operator are presented. Furthermore, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic Muirhead mean (q-ROFTLMM) operator and the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic dual Muirhead mean (q-ROFTLDMM) operator are proposed on the basis of Muirhead mean (MM) operator and dual Muirhead mean (DMM) operator. Then, an approach is developed to deal with MAGDM problem under q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic environment based on the proposed operators. Finally, a numerical example for selecting desirable emergency alternative(s) in the process of designing emergency preplan is given to illustrate the application of the developed method and demonstrate its effectiveness.

In some spare parts distribution systems for consumption goods, a portion of consumers' demand is met by inventories in maintenance outlets, while the remaining portion is satisfied with emergency orders from the supplier, which can enhance customers' satisfaction but cause added order-processing costs and transportation costs. Faced with the trade-off between the supplier's and outlet's profits, it is highly crucial to design and coordinate a supply chain in a way that determines to what extent each level should hold inventories by considering classification of spare parts. Therefore, in this paper, a system dynamics approach is used to design a three-level supply chain simulation model consisting of one business unit, one distribution center, and one maintenance outlet. The business unit and distribution center belong to one company, so we consider them as one supplier. Therefore, we focus on the coordination between the distribution center and the maintenance outlet. The objective is to propose a contract to enhance these two parties' profits. Through numerical analysis, we provide a contract with which the spare parts in class A are differentiated in their normal and emergency procurement prices and the spare parts in class B and class C have a prescribed customer service level. Using this type of contract, both distribution center's and maintenance outlet's profits can be enhanced, and the management process can be simplified.

In this paper, a novel approach is developed to deal with multiple‐attribute group decision‐making (MAGDM) problem under q‐rung orthopair fuzzy environment. Firstly, some operators have been proposed to aggregate q‐rung orthopair fuzzy information, such as the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy generalized power averaging (q‐ROFGPA) operator, the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy generalized power weighted averaging (q‐ROFGPWA) operator, the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy generalized power geometric (q‐ROFGPG) operator, and the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy generalized power weighted geometric (q‐ROFGPWG) operator. In addition, some desirable properties and special cases of these operators are discussed. Second, a novel approach is developed to solve MAGDM problem under the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy environment based on the proposed q‐ROFGPWA and q‐ROFGPWG operators. Finally, a practical example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method, and further the sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are carried out.

Q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs), initially proposed by Yager, are a new way to reflect uncertain information. The existing intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets are special cases of the q-ROFSs. However, due to insufficiency in available information, it is difficult for decision makers to exactly express the membership and nonmembership degrees by crisp numbers, and interval membership degree and interval nonmembership degree are good choices. In this paper, we propose the concept of interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (IVq-ROFS) based on the ideas of q-ROFSs and some operational laws of q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q-ROFNs). Then, some interval-valued q-rung orthopair weighted averaging operators are presented based on the given operational laws of q-ROFNs. Further, based on these operators, we develop a novel approach to solve multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) problems under interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed method, and the sensitivity analysis is further carried out for the parameters.

在风力发电平价上网的大形势之下,风电场装机容量的选择对后期收益有着关键影响.本文从决策论的角度出发,综合考虑风场容量对投资和发电量的双重影响,以收益最大化为目标,为风电场的精细化管理和科学化决策提供新的思路和借鉴.

Multiple-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) under linguistic environment is an important part of modern decision sciences, and information aggregation operator plays an import role in solving MAGDM problems. In this paper, an approach for solving MAGDM problem with q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic information is developed. First, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic weighted averaging (q-ROFTLWA) operator and the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic weighted geometric (q-ROFTLWG) operator are presented. Furthermore, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic Muirhead mean (q-ROFTLMM) operator and the q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic dual Muirhead mean (q-ROFTLDMM) operator are proposed on the basis of Muirhead mean (MM) operator and dual Muirhead mean (DMM) operator. Then, an approach is developed to deal with MAGDM problem under q-rung orthopair fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic environment based on the proposed operators. Finally, a numerical example for selecting desirable emergency alternative(s) in the process of designing emergency preplan is given to illustrate the application of the developed method and demonstrate its effectiveness.

Based on the Chinese manufacturing firms listed in the period of 2009 to 2014,we use Panel Data models to verify the impact of lean inventory management on firm performance.The results indicate that inventory management has a positive impact on firm performance.There is a significant difference between firms with deep lean inventory management and firms without that,and firms with deep lean inventory management have higher level of performance.There is an inverted U shape relationship between lean inventory manage ment and firm performance,and it is advised that there is an optimal lean inventory management interval range effective for firm performance.And the further results indicate that the impact of lean inventory management on performance varies across industries,and industry scale and gross margin are the main causes of industry difference.

In sequential auctions the phenomenon of declining prices is often observed, which in theory can be represented by a supermartingale. This paper employs the perspective that bidders’ values may change over stages and the common priors are sequentially adjusted by the remaining bidders. It is shown that the declining price sequence can be explained by the adjustment of common priors between auctions. The adjustment of common priors is characterized by stochastic orders. Sufficient and necessary conditions for a supermartingale price sequence are derived.

本文以一个期望损失厌恶的零售商与一个风险中性的供应商组成的两阶段供应链系统为背景,基于期望损失厌恶,研究零售商的期望损失厌恶行为对供应链契约与协调的影响.具体地,分别讨论期望损失厌恶偏好对批发价契约、收入共享契约以及回购契约等协调性的影响,研究发现零售商的期望损失厌恶行为不会改变供应链在这三种契约下的协调状态.最后,结合算例加以验证分析.

创业者在获取外部资源支持时,具有两类不同的资源获取行为策略:“事前揭示机会相关的信息,事后达成融资契约”和“事前达成融资契约,事后揭示机会相关的信息”.本文通过构建博弈模型,分析了影响创业者资源获取行为策略选择的因素.基于这一理论分析,本文解释了“在投资者提供投资之前,创业者向投资者揭示机会信息”这一现象.

This paper reviews the research process of behavioral supply chain decision model,analyzes deeply the research of the behavior effects on decision -making model in supply chain,and points out the focus and focal point of present and future research in this field.Finally this paper summarizes the existing problems of behavioral supply chain decision model and points out the future research prospect.

This paper investigates technology investment under flexible capacity strategy with demand uncertainty. Technology investment enables a firm to reduce its total production cost, while flexible capacity strategy aims to reduce a firm׳s production waste by postponing production until demand is known. Adopting a general technology investment cost, we examine how technology investment cost structure affects a firm׳s technology investment decisions. We derive the conditions under which the firm will benefit from technology investment. We show that the firm can increase its expected profit through technology investment only when the unit technology investment cost that varies inversely with the basic technology level is below a threshold. However, even though the technology investment cost is zero, the benefit from the increase in technology level is limited. Furthermore, we analytically determine the optimal technology levels and establish their relationships under different technology investment cost structures. Our findings will help firms evaluate various technology investment options and choose the most proper one.

持有机会的创业者决定创业时,选择以个体方式创业还是以团队方式创业,是其需要做出的一项重要决策.本研究将团队方式创业视为一个可化解创业风险的机制,同时考虑了以团队方式创业时需要创业者采取的机会失窃防范机制,通过构建博弈分析模型,研究发现,创业机会的风险特征影响创业者采用何种方式进行创业.创业机会的风险性越高时,创业者越可能采用团队方式进行创业;创业机会的风险性越低时,创业者越可能采用个体方式进行创业.

This paper analyzes the reasons for employees turn off their employment to create new ventures.Result shows that entrepreneurial opportunities in the economic value of the size distribution is moderately constitute "hold chance to employees not engage in business activities" a common fact that deeper reasons behind.

Based on the perspective of competing for employee by both established company and venture capitalist,this paper provides a new theory to explain why the employee turnover to create a new venture.Given the premise that employee holds a new opportunity,through constructing a game model of competing for employees by both established company and venture capitalist,this paper first shows that competition for employee will affect them to turnover to create a new venture.

This paper analyzes the reasons for employees turn over to create new ventures based on the perspective of entrepreneurial opportunities nature and employment contract.Result shows that this phenomenon is the result of interactive effects by employment contracts and employee rational choice.

文章主要综述了近十年来拍卖寻租问题研究的进展,集中论述了绝对特权与有限腐败,风险偏好可题,理论研究和实证研究新进展.一般地,拍卖(招标)寻租造成的影响很大.文章着重探讨对于拍卖(招标)寻租的解决方法,基于竞争、加强监管、贿赂分类和电子信息化等四个方面给出了现在和未来拍卖腐败问题的解决方向.

This paper Study on the optimal regulation in security market.We established the game model between the SFC and listed companies studied the impact of policies and regulatory effects by using Nash equilibrium and principal-agent Model.According to the results,the factors that determine whether listed companies fraud to maximize their own interests include their own financial situation,the expected return,the expected loss and the environment of stock market.The strength of regulation and punishment makes effective impact on the violations of listed companies.

During the process of the enterprise procurement,the information asymmetry between the buyer and the suppliers is quite serious,which will increase the procurement cost.The procurement quality level is set not too high and the winning suppliers all can meet it.As to the winning suppliers,it has space to enhance the quality.However,improving quality needs more cost and also has to face certain risk.The buyer should take incentive measures to prompt the suppliers to enhance quality.Using principal-agent theory,this paper designs one quality control contract which could motivate the suppliers to enhance the products' quality.

The focus of this paper is on supply chain coordination in the procurement environment. Previous studies have shown that auction mechanisms have a remarkable effect on the participants' profits and the efficiency of the whole chain. This paper demonstrates the expected profit of individual suppliers and buyer through three different auction mechanisms, i.e., Wholesale Price Auction, Catalog Auction and Two-Part Contract Auction under the given conditions of multiple suppliers vs. one buyer in Independent Private Value environments. Moreover, it is proven that the system can be refined into an efficient channel coordination under the mechanism of the Two-part Contract Auction with information intermediaries when the market inverse demand function is multiplicative.