在局部解剖学(以下简称局解)教学改革现阶段,涉及实操的局解实验课程还存在着不少的教学问题.主要包括操作演示视频经过剪辑或者画质较差,无法适应教学要求;操作手册中文字形式的指导抽象,学生无法快速掌握操作方法和实验流程;高校扩招使得学生人数激增,教学压力进一步增加等[1-2].操作示范教学法是由专业实验教师运用示教设备在课前进行解剖技巧演示,以帮助学生快速掌握操作方法和实验任务[3].本研究结合本校实验内容和示范教学条件,在局解实验课程中应用操作示范教学法,缩短课前学习时间,使学生快速掌握操作目的和技巧,清晰显露解剖结构,同时降低局解实验教师压力,改善实验教学质量.

2019 年教育部下发关于加强高校实验室安全工作的意见,强调安全是教育事业不断发展、学生成长成才的基本保障.近年来,我国高校发展迅速,越来越多的高校实验室被建设或改造,其核心出发点是为了提升实验室安全性和环保性.

目的 基于专家调查法研究总结膝骨关节炎常见经筋病灶点的分布特征.方法 根据文献分析及专家访谈结果,编制膝骨关节炎常见经筋病灶点专家调查问卷,面向全国相关领域专家进行调查.结果 46位专家对膝关节4个面的18个经筋病灶点意见集中程度较高,包括膝前侧4个、外侧4个、后侧4个、内侧6个.结论 基于德尔菲法的专家问卷调查能较好地总结膝骨关节炎经筋病灶点分布特征,为膝骨关节炎的早诊早治及疗效评价提供了新的思路和方法.

背景:目前虽有众多对不同拉伸方法比如静力性和动力性拉伸效果的评价研究,但是缺乏现代科学标准客观化指标,尤其是能实时检测的生理性指标,另外其疗效机制也尚不明确.目的:利用近红外光谱技术测量验证静力性拉伸的不同拉伸方式——主动与被动拉伸对肌肉组织血流及血氧的影响变化,从生理性缺血及再灌注方面探索拉伸作用的机制.方法:对10名平均年龄为(28±5)岁年轻健康的受试者,3名男性,7名女性,使用集成了三波长LED光源的PortaLite NIRS血氧计分别检测不同方式的静态拉伸(主动拉伸和被动拉伸)处于拉伸和收缩状态肌肉组织血氧变化,包括基线、拉伸干预期间及干预后的氧合血红蛋白、脱氧血红蛋白和总血容量变化.结果 与结论:①静态拉伸时处于拉伸状态的肌肉组织通过增加总血容量明显提升血液氧合血红蛋白水平,而处于收缩状态的肌肉组织总血容量、脱氧血红蛋白和氧合血红蛋白抑制效果较明显,且收缩的组织各血液指标上升幅度不如拉伸组织;②主动拉伸运动后上调总血容量和氧合血红蛋白能力优于被动拉伸,有促进血液微循环和血流动力学活性、增强局部组织血氧、增加组织柔韧性以及加速局部组织修复或提升组织功能的可能性;③结果提示近红外光谱检测组织血氧技术有望成为验证组织再生与康复的一个客观指标.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) arc incoherent light sources with limited bandwidths, and the discovery of biological effects of LED light sources promotes its application in biomedicine. Based on the phenomenon that tissue penetration depths of lights with different wavelengths arc different, this work introduces the target tissue specificity and biological effects of LED light sources at each band. This article also reviews the current application of these LED light sources in a clinical setting for the treatment of dominant diseases. Finally, the application of LED light sources in the biomedical field is prospected herein to help guide their clinical application together with instrument research and development.

Objective The anatomical morphology of cerebral blood vessels in three rats was revealed by the model of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and cerebral apoplexy rats (SHRsp), with normal rats (Wistar) as the control. Methods The CT value model of cerebral blood vessels was obtained by Micro-CT, and the standard value was calculated. The cerebral vascular digital anatomic database of three types of rat models was constructed by means of ultrathin cerebral vascular perfusion, submillimeter grinding, ultrahigh pixel image acquisition and 3d reconstruction. Results Visualization of normal and abnormal cerebrovascular anatomy in SHR and SHRsp. Comclusion It can provide new means and methods for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Electroencephalography is a sensitive indicator for measuring brain condition, and can reflect early changes in brain function and severity of cerebral ischemia. However, it is not yet known whether electroencephalography can predict development of post-cerebral infarction depression. A total of 321 patients with ischemic stroke underwent electroencephalography and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale assessment to analyze the relationship between electroencephalography and post-cerebral infarction depression. Our results show that electroencephalograms of ischemic stroke patients with depression exhibit low-amplitude alpha activity and slow theta activity. In contrast, electroencephalograms of ischemic stroke patients without depression show fast beta activity and slow delta activity. These findings confirm that low-amplitude alpha activity and slow theta activity can be considered as independent predictors for post-cerebral infarction depression.

Anatomy is a basic discipline in medical education,a good knowledge of which is essential for medical students.The effectiveness of anatomy teaching varies among colleges and universities with different methods of teaching reform they adopt.This article discusses the application,advantages and disadvantages of several teaching methods commonly employed at present,including multimedia,PBL (problem-based learning),case analysis as well as imaging-aided teaching.A combination of diverse teaching methods is expected to achieve better teaching results.

目的:构建人头部结构冠状切面图像数据系统.方法:遴选合适捐献的新鲜遗体尸头,采用数字人标本铣切技术,冠状位由前向后对尸头逐层切片、采集图像,图像经后期处理构建数字头部图像数据集.筛骨部分切片间隔为0.03 mm,其他部位间隔为0.06 mm.利用佳能5DⅢ照相机采集图像,采取RAW和JPEG两种格式存储照片.结果:采集RAW格式和JPEG格式图像各3 854幅,其中切片间隔0.03 mm的图像有1 437幅,间隔0.06 mm的图像有2 417幅,形成的RAW格式图像平均每幅24.5 MB,形成的JPEG格式图像平均每幅5.9 MB.图像分辨率为2 210万像素(5760×3 840).RAW格式和JPEG格式图像总计117.162 G.结论:建立了世界上切削厚度最薄的人类头部切面图像数据集,同时也是世界上第一套冠状位人类头部切面图像数据集.

The anatomical basis for the concept of acupuncture points/meridians in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been resolved. This paper reviews the fascia research progress and the relationship among acupuncture points/meridians, primo vascular system (PVS), and fascia. Fascia is as a covering, with common origins of layers of the fascial system despite diverse names for individual parts. Fascia assists gliding and fluid flow and holds memory and is highly innervated. Fascia is intimately involved with nourishment of all cells of the body, including those of disease and cancer. The human body's fascia network may be the physical substrate represented by the meridians of TCM. The PVS is a newly found circulatory system; recent increased interest has led to new research and new discoveries in the anatomical and functional aspects of the PVS. The fasciology theory provides new insights into the physiological effects of acupuncture needling on basic cellular mechanisms including connective tissue mechanotransduction and regeneration. This view represents a theoretical basis and means for applying modern biomedical research to examining TCM principles and therapies, and it favors a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment.

To investigate the effect of mechanical tensile load on Type-1 procollagen, Type-3 procollagen, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) expressions in rat subcutaneous fascia. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group (A), insertion without rotation group (B) and acupuncture with rotation group (C). The rats in group B and C were subjected to mechanical tensile stimulation on the midpoint of the inguinal groove with an acupuncture needle, which was repeated twisting (C) and insertion-extraction of the acupuncture needle (B). The subcutaneous tissue was sampled after 14 days of treatment, and the expression levels of Type-1 procollagen, Type-3 procollagen, CTGF and TGF-beta 1 mRNA were assessed using RT-PCR. Results: Tensile stimulations resulted in significantly down-regulated expressions of the CTGF and TGF-beta 1 genes, but there were no significant differences between the twisting group and insertion-extraction group. Tensile microinjury resulted in no significant difference in Type-1 procollagen and Type-3 procollagen levels among the three groups. Conclusion: Fascia was involved in the response to tensile load, which enhance cell proliferation and cause changes in the CTGF and TGF-beta 1 gene transcription. These results have potential relevance to the mechanisms of treatments applying brief mechanical stretch to tissues.

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) belong to a family of enzymes that attack eukaryotic ribosomes and potently inhibit cellular protein synthesis. RIPs possess several biomedical properties, including anti-viral and anti-tumor activities. Multiple RIPs are known to inhibit tumor cell proliferation through inducing apoptosis in a variety of cancers, such as breast cancer, leukemia/lymphoma, and hepatoma. This review focuses on the anti-tumor activities of RIPs and their apoptotic effects through three closely related pathways: mitochondrial, death receptor, and endoplasmic reticulum pathways.

筋膜是结缔组织形成的解剖学结构，遍布全身，相互连结，参与构成人体各个组织器官，形成这些组织器官的被膜、隔膜和内部支架等结构。传统观点认为筋膜仅仅具有充填、支持和连结作用，而对其深层复杂的生物学意义还缺乏足够的认识和研究。近十年来，国际医学界对筋膜的研究逐步兴起，研究的领域不断扩展、研究成果逐年递增。原林等[1-2]在“数字虚拟人”研究基础上，结合多学科理论，在国际上率先提出“筋膜学”(fasciology)，在基础医学、临床医学和中医药领域进行研究，学术影响不断扩大。提示不同领域的研究人员正尝试通过整合筋膜相关知识建立一个崭新的学科。长期的人体解剖和神经生理的研究过程中，对各个功能器官的神经支配已经很清楚，但对于构成人体支持与储备系统的筋膜的神经支配未见系统详述。现依据前人的研究结果对全身筋膜的神经支配特点和规律进行系统分析，以期更清晰了解人体自身的运行规律，尤其是为研究人体长寿的奥秘提供新的研究思路。

Glycation product accumulation during aging of slowly renewing tissues may be an important mechanism underlying aging of the testis. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have shown promise in a novel tissue regenerative technique and may have utility in treating sexual dysfunction. ADSCs have also been found to be effective in antiaging therapy, although the mechanism underlying their effects remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the anti‐aging effect of ADSCs in a D‐galactose (D‐gal)–induced aging animal model and to clarify the underlying mechanism. Randomly selected 6‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with D‐gal daily for 8 weeks. Two weeks after completion of treatment, D‐gal–induced aging rats were randomized to receive caudal vein injections of 3 × 10 6 5‐bromo 2′deoxy­uridine–labeled ADSCs or an equal volume of phosphate‐buffered saline. Serum testosterone level, steroidogenic enzymes (3‐β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly in aging rats compared with the control group; serum lipid peroxidation, spermatogenic cell apoptosis, and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) expression increased significantly. ADSCs increased the SOD level and reduced the MDA level in the aging animal model and restored levels of serum testosterone, steroidogenic enzymes, and spermatogenic cell apoptosis. These results demonstrate that ADSCs can contribute to testicular regeneration during aging. ADSCs also provide functional benefits through glycation suppression and antioxidant effects in a rat model of aging. Although some ADSCs differentiated into Leydig cells, the paracrine pathway seems to play a main role in this process, resulting in the reduction of apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2403–2414, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

素质教育是通过对人类优秀文化吸纳所反映出来的精神风貌和内在气质的综合体现.如对于一名医务工作者来说,在医务工作中如何尽量减少病人的痛苦;在外科手术中如何尽可能减轻对病人机体的损伤;制定治疗方案时是否听取病人及其家属的意见并征得他们的同意;能否在不影响治疗水平的基础上为病人考虑节省经费,使病人能够看得起病……如此等等,这些既是医疗技术问题,其实更是一个做人素质和道德品质的问题.医学生将来面对的是病人,是生命,在解剖教学中加强医学生人文素质教育具有十分重要的意义.

自2010年起,深圳大学医学院解剖学科结合自身优势和特色,连续3年系统地在临床医学本科专业中开展了“大爱无疆,无语体师”医学人文教育创新课程体系建设,获得良好的效果.高等医学教育肩负着为社会培养医学人才的重任,医学生的人文素质将直接影响未来社会的医疗服务水平和医患关系.“大爱无疆,无语体师”医学人文教育创新课程体系的成功实施,对促进医学生的自主学习、培育职业素养和医德医风建设方面产生了积极的影响,充分地体现了国家关于实施科学发展观和构建“和谐社会”的精神,有力地促进了医疗教育和卫生事业健康发展.

深圳市与中国特别行政区香港虽隔海相望,但历史因素造成两地居民在中、英文程度上存在较大差异.内地深圳的官方语言是中文,而香港官方语言以英文为主.深圳大学医学院是目前深圳市惟一一所医学院校,《解剖学》教学使用全中文教材,课堂授课主要以中文为主,有时穿插中英并用的双语教学;而香港的两所医学院,均以英语为指定教学语言,使用全英文教材.深圳是一个移民性城市,作为巾国第一个经济特区,其国际化城市发展趋势愈加明显,英文在其教育、医疗等各项公共事业发展中所发挥的作用愈加重要.随着深圳与香港医学院校教学沟通的增加,如何更好地培养内地医学生以适应日益扩展的国际交流,提高其接受国外最新医学信息的能力显得尤为重要,内地医学院校双语教学效果的评价和双语教学模式的改革亦已迫在眉睫[1-2].

The three dimensional structure of the Locusta migratoria manilensis exoskeleton was constructed using a light projection digital sensing system. We first obtained data on the shape dimensions and topological structure of body parts of individual locusts. We then recovered highly variable phase information on the objective surface of each structure from a modulated strip of light. The corresponding relationship between light phase and height allowed three-dimensional surface features to be reconstructed. The results will be valuable for pesticide design and locust control.

Anatomy should be the training base of humanism education according to its specificity.The authors performed the medicinal humanism education in anatomy teaching by means of enhancing humanism diathesis of the teachers,holding the humanistic activities regularly,practicing the suffering education,etc.,and got positive effect in the teaching course.

传统的解剖学教学工作以描述正常人体形态结构为主要目标,没有形成解决临床实际问题所需要目标的明确体系[1],使解剖学教学与具体的临床应用难以有效结合.而现代临床解剖学摆脱了这种传统的纯形态描述为主的研究体系,站在医生的角度,用临床思维审视解剖学内容[2],使解剖与临床紧密结合,有助于培养学生的临床思维和学以致用的能力.在医学本科教育阶段开设临床解剖学,是本教研室在解剖学教改方面做的一次探索.