Due to the strong covalent bond characteristic, traditional thermal barrier materials show outstanding thermal protection performance but poor attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves. To achieve the synergistic optimization of thermal barrier performance and electromagnetic wave dissipation capability, the present work proposed an oxygen vacancy defect engineering strategy for replacement of Ce4+ by Y3+ ions inside CeO2 lattice. The synergistic coupling of oxygen-vacancy-induced strong phonon scattering and high-temperature ionic conductivity collectively governs the sample's ultralow thermal conductivity (0.62 W/(m & centerdot;K)) and good microwave absorbing characteristics. The optimal effective absorption bandwidths (EAB) of 30 YC sample for reflection loss (RL) < -5 dB and RL < -10 dB are 3.5 and 1.6 GHz when the matching thickness and temperature are 1.25 mm and 600 degrees C, respectively. The defect engineering makes the formation of oxygen vacancies controllable while maintaining structural integrity, providing general theoretical guidance for the design of dual-function material systems with optimized thermal physical and electromagnetic attenuation properties. (c) 2025 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Cadmium-free indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) are promising emitters for environmentally benign next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs), yet their application is hindered by poor operational stability. This limitation arises from electron trapping and exciton quenching at the InP/ZnMgO interface, where delocalized electrons from InP QDs are readily captured by oxygen vacancies (OV) in ZnMgO. Here, we demonstrate highly stable InP-based QD-LEDs by rationally passivating ZnMgO with organic fluoride ions (F-). The strong binding affinity of F- effectively passivates OV sites and suppresses ion migration under electrical injections, thereby lowering defect density and mitigating nonradiative recombination at the interface. As a result, we achieve red InP QD-LEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.35% and a maximum luminance of 137 464 cd m-2. Remarkably, the T95 operational lifetime at 1000 cd m-2 extends to 1504 h. Furthermore, InP QDs exhibit excellent compatibility with the micro-LED configuration, maintaining an EQE of 23.29% at a micropixel size of 2 µm. These results highlight a viable pathway toward efficient, stable, and environmentally benign InP-based micro-LEDs for next-generation near-eye displays.

Monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a promising candidate for exploring exciton and trion physics thanks to its strong light-matter interactions and large exciton binding energy at room temperature (RT). Trions, in particular, offer intriguing prospects for optoelectronic and valleytronic applications. However, trion stability at RT and a low excitation density are limited by the inherently low free-electron concentration in monolayer WS2. Here we demonstrate a robust approach to enhance trion emission by constructing a type-II heterostructure between monolayer WS2 and the CsPbBr3 perovskite. Through band engineering, we achieve efficient n-doping of WS2 by electron transfer from CsPbBr3, facilitating a pronounced enhancement of trion emission at RT. Under low-power excitation, trions dominate the photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Time-resolved PL measurements reveal distinct lifetimes of excitons and trions in WS2, perovskites, and heterostructures, confirming the charge-transfer dynamics. Helicity-resolved PL spectra show that trions preserve valley polarization in heterostructures. By integrating this heterostructure into an optical microcavity, we further amplify trion emission via the Purcell effect. Our findings present a viable strategy for achieving stable RT trion emission, advancing the development of transition metal dichalcogenide-perovskite hybrid systems for optoelectronic applications.

Coal-series kaolin (CSK), a large-scale solid waste, has caused significant environmental pollution. Its effective conversion into high-value products remains a challenge. In this study, mullite-based ceramics featuring needle-like microstructures were controllably prepared by adding Ta2O5 without the need for additional sintering acids. The resulting ceramics exhibited superior wear resistance. Ta2O5 reacts with Al2O3 to form Ta-O-Al chemical bridges. Combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental data, these chemical bridges effectively lower the nucleation energy barrier for new crystalline phases and provide anchoring sites. This drives the transition from equiaxed grains to interwoven whiskers and facilitates the preferential one-dimensional anisotropic growth of the mullite phase. Due to the distinctive needle-like mullite microstructures and the pinning effect of AlTaO4, the wear rate decreases by 89% compared to the blank sample. These results demonstrate that Ta2O5 regulates the crystal growth and friction behavior of mullite, offering an economically effective strategy for utilizing CSK.

Spin-polarized electronic and optical properties in semiconductors are critical for potential spintronic device applications. However, such spin polarization is readily randomized by thermal fluctuations and generally observable only at low temperatures. By employing circularly polarized laser excitation for optical spin pumping, we detected circularly polarized emission from achiral two-dimensional/three-dimensional mixture films of (MBA)2PbBr4·(CsPbBr3)x (x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, where x is the molar ratio). The circular polarization degree reaches 6%, exhibits a negative correlation with the x value, and is nearly insensitive to temperature variation. Moreover, these films display no circular dichroism absorption signals or circularly polarized luminescence upon excitation with a Xe lamp. We therefore conclude that strong Rashba-like splitting is enhanced in the interfacial regions around CsPbBr3 nanocrystals within the composite. Regulating the grain size may provide a new avenue for designing perovskite-based spintronic materials. More importantly, such spin polarization can be operating at room temperature.

Recent advances in measurement techniques have greatly improved the accessibility of potential field vector data which contain richer directional information than conventional scalar data for high-precision localization of subsurface ore bodies. Nevertheless, the inversion characteristics of individual vector components remain poorly understood, and the effective integration of multi-vector components is still limited. To fulfill these gaps, this study first conducts a series of model experiments to systematically analyze the characteristics exhibited by each vector component. Subsequently, an iterative joint inversion scheme for comprehensive utilization of different vector components is proposed using the sequential strategy. Based on synthetic and real-data tests, it reveals that the horizontal X- and Y-components are most sensitive to sources extending along their respective axes, whereas the vertical Z-component, although beneficial for improving vertical resolution, exhibits a relatively weak anomaly amplitude. Most importantly, the proposed joint inversion method successfully integrates the complementary features of individual components, leading to marked improvements in inversion accuracy and source resolution, which provides a reliable tool for identifying concealed ore bodies, refining ore-body delineation, and prioritizing mineral exploration targets.

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) hold immense potential for next-generation displays due to their superior color purity and tunable emission, yet their integration into high-resolution devices is hindered by challenges in scalable, low-damage patterning. Conventional methods suffer from solvent-induced degradation, low resolution (>20 μm), and incompatibility with eco-friendly QDs (e.g., InP/ZnS, ZnSe/ZnS). Recent advances in direct optical patterning, including ligand crosslinking and surface engineering, have improved performance but remain limited by reliance on high-energy UV (254 nm), complex ligand synthesis, and poor compatibility with heavy-metal-free QDs. This work introduces ((6-Chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl) bis (oxy)) bis (4,1-phenylene)) bis ((4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) phenyl) methanone (DBP-T-P), a dual-functional photocrosslinker that crosslinks QD surface ligands and induces surface chlorination, enabling direct photolithographic patterning without complex ligand engineering. DBP-T-P features UV-A compatibility (365 nm), low exposure doses, and simple synthesis, addressing key limitations of prior art. Using DBP-T-P-modified QD inks, we achieved high-quality patterns with 5-μm resolution, preserving >80% photoluminescence quantum yield and reducing surface roughness in both ZnSe/ZnS and InP/ZnS QDs. Air-stable processing and solvent-based development further enhance its scalability. These results establish DBP-T-P as a versatile platform for industrial-scale fabrication of high-resolution, full-color QLEDs and micro-optoelectronic devices.

The main purpose of this work is to suppress the rate of thermal and oxidative corrosion of copper substrates using double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Herein, the orthogonal spray experiment was employed to optimize the spraying parameters for TBCs consisting of Cu/NiCoCrAlY/8YSZ/(Y0.5Gd0.5)TaO4. The thermal cycling and average mass loss rate of TBCs prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with optimum spraying parameters correspond to 20 cycles and 0.56‰, respectively. The thermal conductivity (0.39 W·m−1·K−1 at 900 °C) of (Y0.5Gd0.5)TaO4 is 71.68% and 52.7% lower than that of (Y0.5Gd0.5)TaO4 bulk and 8YSZ, respectively. Meanwhile, the bond strength increased from 8.86 MPa to 14.03 MPa as the heat treatment time increased from 0 h to 24 h, benefiting from the heat treatment to release the residual stresses inside the coating. Additionally, the hardness increased from 5.88 ± 0.56 GPa to 7.9 ± 0.64 GPa as the heat treatment temperature increased from room temperature to 1000 °C, resulting from the healing of pores and increased densification. Lastly, crack growth driven by thermal stress mismatch accumulated during thermal cycling is the main cause of coating failure. The above results demonstrated that 8YSZ/(Y0.5Gd0.5)TaO4 can increase the service span of copper substrate.

The separation and propagation of spin are vital to understanding spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in quantum systems. Exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter quasiparticles, offer a promising platform for investigating SOC in quantum fluids. By utilization of the optical anisotropy of materials, Rashba-Dresselhaus SOC (RDSOC) can be generated, enabling robust polariton spin transport. However, the intrinsic connection between the RDSOC and polariton spin evolution lacks an intuitive interpretation. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature exciton-polaritons with RDSOC in a microcavity containing anisotropic two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. We reveal that the RDSOC arises from geometric phase accumulation during polariton polarization evolution on the Poincaré sphere, which generates an effective gauge field and drives momentum-space spin splitting. By resonantly injecting polaritons, we achieve the generation, separation, and propagation of purer polariton spin states, i.e., a polariton spin Hall effect. Our findings establish geometric phases as the origin of intrinsic RDSOC, paving a feasible avenue for spin-selective control in perovskite-based photonic devices.

Giant negative thermal expansion (NTE), defined by volumetric expansion αV <ca. -50 × 10-6 K-1 (volume contraction (ΔV/V) < - 0.5% within ~100 K), is rarely observed at high temperatures. Here, we report a giant NTE persisting above 1000 K (ΔV/V = - 1.7 %, 900-1100 K) in stoichiometric PrMnO3 (PMON) with a peak coefficient αV = - 114 × 10-6 K-1 around 1000 K. Contrastingly, oxygen-rich PrMnO3+x (PMOA) exhibits only positive thermal expansion. The origin of NTE was uncovered via synchrotron X-ray total scattering, Cs-corrected STEM, and DFT calculations. Intriguingly, PMON uniquely hosts a local symmetry breaking featured by a 3D cross-arranged network of elongated Mn-O bonds, different from the 2D planar configurations in PMOA. By correlating atomic-scale symmetry breaking and thermally activated orbital reconfiguration to macroscopic thermal responses, we establish an unconventional paradigm for engineering giant NTE at elevated temperatures.

Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs), as an environmentally benign semiconductor material, exhibit significant potential in optoelectronic devices. The incorporation of metal ions is a widely adopted strategy to modulate the optical properties of InP QDs, thereby expanding their application scope. In this study, rapid thermochromic response was achieved in InP/ZnS QDs through dual cation (Nd3+&Mn2+) modification. The introduction of Mn2+ endowed the QDs with dual emission characteristics, while Nd3+ stabilized the intrinsic emission at the pure blue wavelength of 470 nm by suppressing QD growth via interface anchoring. Investigations revealed that temperature elevation activated the carrier re-excitation process, leading to enhanced intrinsic emission and enabling dynamic fluorescence color switching from orange-yellow to blue. Leveraging this property, a ratiometric fluorescence thermometer with a detection range of 293-533 K and a response time of <5 s was developed. Furthermore, variable-power excitation experiments elucidated the saturation behavior of Mn2+ impurity emission, corroborating the competitive mechanism between intrinsic and impurity emissions. This work provides novel insights into the multifunctional fluorescence modulation of cadmium-free QDs, with significant implications for smart sensing and eco-friendly display technologies.

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) provide an ideal platform for the development of integrated optoelectronic devices due to their excellent solution processability and size-tunable optical properties. In this paper, we investigate the self-assembly process of QD micro-rings based on the solution patterning method and the lasing phenomenon in the micro-rings. The characterization of the QD micro-rings demonstrates that they possess a high-quality morphological structure and excellent optical properties. The photoluminescence spectra of the QD micro-rings with different pump fluences are studied, and photon lasing with a narrow linewidth (0.3 nm) is found to have been achieved in the micro-rings above the threshold (23 μJ cm−2). The high coherence of the lasing in the QD micro-rings is revealed by angle-resolved photoluminescence (ARPL) spectra at room temperature. Moreover, the interference pattern of the coherent lasing obtained with Young’s double-slit interference method based on the far-field Fourier optical system in the ARPL spectrum reflects the distribution of the optical field in the QD micro-rings. Our research on the self-assembly of colloidal QDs and the lasing of QD micro-rings is expected to further promote the development of on-chip integrated QD optoelectronic devices.

Microcavity exciton-polaritons, formed by strong light-matter coupling, are essential for realizing Bose-Einstein condensation and low-threshold lasing. Such polaritonic lasing and condensation have been demonstrated in III-V semiconductors at liquid helium temperatures. However, the complex fabrication of these microcavities and operating temperatures limit their room-temperature practical application. Here, we experimentally realize room-temperature exciton-polariton condensation and polaritonic lasing in a CsPbBr3 perovskite planar microcavity fabricated by the pressing process. Angle-resolved photoluminescence spectra demonstrate the strong light-matter coupling and the formation of exciton-polaritons in such a pressed microcavity. Above the critical threshold, mass polaritons accumulating at the bottom of dispersion lead to a narrow emission linewidth and pronounced blueshift, further reinforcing the Bose-Einstein condensation and polaritonic lasing in this system. Our results offer a feasible and effective approach to investigate exciton-polariton condensation and polariton lasing at room temperature.

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have garnered significant attention due to their tunable band gaps, unique quantum confinement effects, and high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Among them, Organic-inorganic QDs make them promising candidates for optoelectronic devices such as quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), solar cells, lasers, and photodetectors. However, the toxicity of lead (Pb) has raised environmental and health concerns, hindering their industrial application. To alleviate concerns about heavy metals Pb, extensive research has been conducted on B-site doping and the development of lead-free perovskites. Herein, we firstly developed B-site doping strategy on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite QDs via rare-earth elements. Neodymium (III) (Nd3+) doped FAPbBr(3) QDs were prepared through the ligand-assisted reprecipitation method at room temperature. The B-site doping strategy could alleviate the heavy metal problem of Pb and modulate the band gap of FAPbBr(3) QDs facilely. The results demonstrated that increasing the concentration of Nd-3. can change the emission of FAPbBr(3) QDs from pure green to deep blue. Specifically, we achieved highly pure blue emission (similar to 438 nm) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 13 nm for Nd3+-doped FAPbBr(3) QDs. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the lifetime of FAPbBr(3) QDs from 22.86 to 15.46 ns as the doping concentration increased. Additionally, we fabricated a white LED (WLED) utilizing blue-emitting Nd3+-doped FAPbBr(3), green-emitting FAPbBr(3) QDs, and red QDs, achieving a white emission color coordinate of (0.33, 0.36). This study pioneers the application of B-site rare-earth doping in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite QDs, demonstrating that B-site composition engineering is a reliable strategy to further exploit the perovskite family for wider optoelectronic applications.

The CaTa0.8WO6 ceramic was fabricated by a solid-state reaction for thermal/environmental barrier coating (Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coating) applications, and the microstructures, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The result showed CaTa0.8WO6 has a lower thermal conductivity (1.05 W·m−1·K−1 at 900 °C) than 8 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia and the doped Ta-based ceramics with Mg2+, Yb3+, Zr4+ and Nb5+, indicating that hexavalent tungsten element W6+ doping effectively reduces thermal conductivity and improves thermal insulation performance of Ta-based ceramics. The thermal expansion rates curve without inflection points resulting from phase transition indicates that CaTa0.8WO6 has excellent high-temperature phase stability. Since the Young’s modulus and Pugh’s ratio of CaTa0.8WO6 ceramics were lower than those of various valence states doping Ta-based ceramics, which means that CaTa0.8WO6 has better damage tolerance.

In this work, a novel microwave absorbing material (MAM) made of a pseudo-binary of Sr2TiMoO6–Al2O3 (STM) is proposed first. The MAMs labeled as STM X (X = 60, 70, 80 and 100, respectively), in which X is the initial weight percent of Sr2TiMoO6, were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. Compared with STM100, some equilibrium phases, including SrTiO3, Mo, Sr8(Al12O24)(MoO4)2 and a few undefined ones, are presented in the composites as evidenced by X-ray diffraction results and scanning electron microscopy due to the chemical reaction between Sr2TiMoO6 and Al2O3 component. Besides conductance loss, heterogeneous interfaces between various equilibrium phases introduce interfacial polarization, which causes an enhancement of dissipation for the incident electromagnetic wave. Among the synthesized samples, STM80 presents the best microwave absorbing properties. It has a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 26 dB and an effective absorbing bandwidth up to 2.7 GHz when the thickness is only 1 mm. This indicates that STM80 is a new type of microwave absorbing material with strong absorption and ultrathin thickness.

Complex compositions and structural designs severely restrict the practical application of high-temperature microwave-infrared compatible stealth coatings. To address this issue, high-temperature microwave-infrared compatible stealth coatings of a single 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) component are proposed for the first time. Originating from conductive, interfacial and dipole polarization losses, 8YSZ coating presents superior microwave absorbing properties at 900 °C, including strong absorption (minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −50 dB), a thin thickness of 1.5 mm, and a better effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2 GHz. Moreover, it maintains low infrared emissivity (ε < 0.3) in the infrared bands of 3–5 μm compared with traditional materials. In contrast to the conventional strategy in which microwave-infrared compatible stealth materials are explored in the pool of “complex” multiple-component or metamaterial, this work reveals an avenue to look into materials with simple compositions realizing microwave-infrared compatible stealth simultaneously, which would be of both scientific and technological significance in the fields of stealth technology. Moreover, the present work reveals new applications of 8YSZ coatings in the field of high-temperature stealth technology.

The study reports for the first time on the ultrafast dynamics of charge transfer (CT) and exciton dissociation in block copolymer PBDB-T-b-PTY6-based state-of-the-art single-material organic solar cells (SMOSCs). From the transient absorption spectroscopy of the dilute PBDB-T-b-PTY6 in the insulating polystyrene, exciton dissociation and hole transfer (HT) processes at the intramolecular interface of covalent linkage between the donor and acceptor segment are achieved. In comparison to the charge generation in blend PBDB-T:PTY6 films, it is found that the HT rate in the isolated block copolymer chain via the intramolecular channel is approximately an order of magnitude higher than that via the intermolecular channel. Much faster exciton dissociation in the dilute PBDB-T-b-PTY6 film than in the blend film from electro-absorption and polaron-absorption signals is also verified. The intrachain chemical interface in the block copolymer is thus more conducive to the HT path than the traditional interface in the bulk heterojunction. Moreover, though the PBDB-T-b-PTY6 film has weak molecular ordering, its overall CT efficiency is comparable to that of the PBDB-T:PTY6 film. These findings portend that further molecular design with optimized ordering toward fast intramolecular exciton dissociation may contribute to SMOSCs with higher power conversion efficiency. The existence of hole transfer channels at the chemical interface in dilute PBDB-T-b-PTY6 block copolymer films is rigorously demonstrated. It is found that the intramolecular hole transfer rate is approximately an order of magnitude higher than the intermolecular one in the traditional blend films. The intramolecular channel contributes significantly to the hole transfer efficiency (30.5%), comparable to the intermolecular channel in PBDB-T-b-PTY6 films.image

The realization of high-Q single-mode lasing on the microscale is significant for the advancement of on-chip integrated light sources. It remains a challenging trade-off between Q-factor enhancement and light-field localization to raise the lasing emission rate. Here, we fabricated a zero-dimensional perovskite microcavity integrated with a nondamage pressed microlens to three-dimensionally tailor the intracavity light field and demonstrated linearly and nonlinearly (two-photon) pumped lasing by this microfocusing configuration. Notably, the microlensing microcavity experimentally achieves a high Q-factor (16700), high polarization (99.6%), and high Purcell factor (11.40) single-mode lasing under high-repetition pulse pumping. Three-dimensional light-field confinement formed by the microlens and plate microcavity simultaneously reduces the mode volume (∼3.66 μm3) and suppresses diffraction and transverse walk-off loss, which induces discretization on energy-momentum dispersions and spatial electromagnetic-field distributions. The Q factor and Purcell factor of our lasing come out on top among most of the reported perovskite microcavities, paving a promising avenue toward further studying electrically driven on-chip microlasers.