To meet the deformation requirements of embodied intelligence robotic joint coverings, this study investigates the structural design and tensile behavior of highly stretchable weft-knitted fabrics produced using four yarn types and seven knit structures (28 samples in total). Tensile properties, cyclic elastic recovery, and plastic deformation were systematically evaluated, and deformation behavior under flexion (0°–110°) and torsion (0°–120°) was quantified using a 3D-printed joint model combined with a grid-based measurement method. Results show that fabric structure is the dominant factor governing elastic performance (η2 = 0.740–0.995), while the outer polyester filament fineness of spandex-covered yarns play a secondary role. Rib and purl structures exhibit a clear directional reversal in extensibility and recovery behavior due to loop geometry differences. Under joint motion, local fabric elongation reaches up to 110

Wearable electronics require compact, reliable, and sustainable power sources. Fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a promising solution by combining energy harvesting with the inherent softness and breathability of textiles. However, conventional functionalization methods, such as surface coatings or multilayer structures, inevitably diminish these essential properties. To address this issue, we developed a knitted fabric-based direct current triboelectric nanogenerator (KF DC-TENG) using whole-garment knitting technology and the air breakdown effect. This design allows direct application without complex post-processing and eliminates the need for external rectification. A single unit of KF DC-TENG (8 & times; 2.5 cm(2)), after structural optimization, is capable of lighting 744 series-connected Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) when manually rubbed against polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fabric. Integration with a low-cost power management circuit (PMC, similar to 1.5 CNY) further enhances the output power by 290 times. Asa result, 17 s of friction can power an electronic watch for up to 8 min. Moreover, continuous sliding can sustain a 1.5 W LED without noticeable flickering. This work presents the first demonstration of integrating whole-garment knitting technology with DC-TENGs, offering a scalable and cost-effective strategy for self-powered wearable electronics.

Aqueous zinc (Zn) metal electrodeposition-based electrochromic windows (AZWs) are a promising dynamic window technology due to their use of low-cost, nonflammable, nontoxic, and highly conductive aqueous electrolytes. However, their development is hindered by issues such as poor reversibility, byproduct formation, and hydrogen evolution, which limit the optical window and cycling lifespan. Herein, a bionic transparent nanogel interlayer (TGI) in triple-layer structure introduced on both Zn electrode and indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode is demonstrated to achieve highly reversible electrochemical reaction. In the spontaneously formed triple-layer nanogel architecture, the top hydrophobic protective layer effectively mitigates water corrosion and suppresses hydrogen evolution reactions as well as byproduct formation. The middle layer incorporates internal fluorinated functional groups to promote uniform and rapid Zn ion transport. The bottom colloidal adhesion layer dynamically adapts to the substrate surface, preventing detachment due to morphology changes during cyclic Zn deposition/stripping processes. Consequently, the AZWs incorporating TGI@Zn and TGI@ITO glass electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical properties and solar heat modulation abilities, which are attributed to their enhanced reversibility and uniform deposition of Zn ions. Compared with the single-layer interlayer, the three-layer structure design significantly improves the electrode's stability and performance, providing new ideas for designing next-generation AZW electrodes.

BACKGROUND:Diabetes is a major global health issue, primarily characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and can lead to severe complications such as ovarian dysfunction. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective disease management and prevention of long-term complications. This study explores the clinical potential of Hcy-APN, a diagnostic probe designed to detect aminopeptidase N (APN) activity in solution, cells, and in vivo. RESULTS:The Hcy-APN probe incorporates a hemicyanine moiety, remaining non-fluorescent until cleaved by APN, which enhances both fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) signals. In vitro experiments demonstrated a strong correlation between APN concentration and PA intensity, with minimal interference from other bioenzymes. The probe exhibited high stability and consistent PA signals, enabling deep tissue imaging at depths up to 0.6 cm. Cellular imaging confirmed its low cytotoxicity, while in vivo studies in diabetic mice highlighted its effectiveness in monitoring APN activity. Additionally, fluorescence assays of human clinical samples revealed significantly higher signals in serum from patients with ovarian dysfunction, suggesting the probe's diagnostic utility in diabetes-related ovarian conditions. SIGNIFICANCE:This study underscores the potential of Hcy-APN as a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics, particularly in monitoring diabetes-associated complications like ovarian dysfunction. The probe's dual-modality imaging capability (fluorescence and PA) enhances its applicability in deep tissue analysis. Further research is needed to optimize its clinical use and validate its efficacy in improving patient outcomes.

The insufficient comprehensive mechanical properties and inadequate flexibility of wearable sensors limit their body-protection capability, durability, and comfort. There are challenges in using flexible wearable devices for high-performance practical applications, especially on large scales. Here, an ultrahigh-strength ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene braided smart yarn (UBSY) has been designed and mass produced. It is based on triboelectric nanogenerators and prepared by combining commercial ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene yarn and conductive yarn with a cored biaxial braided structure. Structural parameters, including the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene yarn diameter, twist, and braiding pitch, are optimized to balance the mechanical properties and electrical outputs. The prepared UBSYs are characterized based on a range of reliable properties, including ultrahigh tensile strength (194.83 N), excellent abrasive resistance (up to 306 abrasive cycles), great hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 115.49°), acid and alkali splash resistance, and decent triboelectric outputs (1.5 V, 3.0 nA, and 0.5 nC). An intelligent weft-knitted textile wearable sensor is fabricated with UBSY using a matured flat-knitting technique, which provides excellent mechanical strength, physical protection and comfort. Furthermore, a pair of smart elbow guards have been demonstrated to highlight UBSY-based wearable sensors’ potential in outdoor sports management. In addition, equipped with a satisfactory body protective capacity against various risks and matured preparation technologies, the UBSY-based wearable sensor provides a practical solution for large-scale applications of high-performance motion sensing in complex environments.

Harvesting energy from wind-induced vibration utilizing piezoelectric mechanism has attracted much attention for enabling energy-autonomous wireless sensor systems over the past decade. To offer a promising solution for low reliability, poor environmental adaptability and narrow operating bandwidth of existing piezoelectric wind energy harvesters, a wind-isolated galloping energy harvester with an embedded piezoelectric transducer (EPT-WGEH) is proposed in this paper. Unlike previous most directly-excited piezoelectric wind energy harvesters, the EPT-WGEH was characterized by an indirectly-excited shelter-structure, which isolates the embedded piezoelectric transducer (EPT) from the flow environment. Meanwhile, the horizontal swing of the hollow cylinder and the elastic pendulum beam is transformed into the vertical swing of the EPT mounted in the hollow cylinder under wind excitation. Therefore, this 2-DOF indirectly-excited EPT-WGEH could possess both high reliability and small volume. A CFD simulation model was established to analyze the influence of structural parameters on the vibration characteristics of EPT-WGEH. To verify the feasibility of the principle and design regarding the proposed EPT-WGEH, a prototype of the EPT-WGEH was fabricated and tested in terms of electrical output and operating bandwidth. The results showed that the length of elastic pendulum beam, proof mass, and wind speed brought significant effects on the electrical output, minimum working wind speed and operating bandwidth. The maximal output voltage increased with the decreasing length of elastic pendulum beam or the increasing proof mass. Meanwhile, there existed some optimal combinations of parameters to minimize the minimum working wind speed of EPT-WGEH. Besides, the optimal output power of EPT-WGEH could reach 2.4 mW at load resistance of 600 kΩ. The EPT-WGEH could light up 75 series-connection commercial blue LEDs simultaneously at the wind speed of 15 m/s and demonstrated its practical power supply capability by charging capacitors.

Zn anode-based electrochromic devices (ZECDs) stand out as a highly promising technology in the upcoming era of multifunctional electronic devices, offering a blend of electrochromic capabilities and energy storage functions within a single transparent platform. However, significant challenges persist in achieving efficient patterning, ensuring long-term stability, and fast color-switching kinetics for these devices. In this study, heterogeneous tungsten oxide nanowires (W17O47/Na0.1WO3, WNOs) are formulated into inkjet printing ink to assemble patternable ZECDs. The heterogeneous electrode structure of WNO enables a highly capacitive-controlled mechanism that promotes fast electrochromic/electrochemical behavior. Notably, by utilizing a three-dimensional MXene mesh modified substrate, the inkjet-printed ZECDs exhibit a wide optical modulation range of 69.13%, rapid color-changing kinetics (tc = 4.1 s, tb = 5.4 s), and highly reversible capacities of 70 mAh cm-2 over 1000 cycles. This scalable strategy develops the patterned electrodes with a wide optical modulation range and substantial energy storage properties, offering promising prospects for their application in next-generation smart electronics.

While triboelectric nanogenerated knitted fabrics are regarded as a state-of-the-art and reliable energy source for wearable electronics, there are two bottlenecks in their widespread applications: few mass-manufacturing strategies and low power output. Here, by mature weft-knitted technologies, a 3D single-faced jacquard pile fabric TENG (SJPF-TENG) with the merits of high surface pile density, excellent comfort and breathability, good thermal insulation property, and superior durability, is mass-produced. Based on the high-density pile structure (about 16128 piles per cm2), the surface area of pile fabrics is 42.2 times that of the plain structure, which endows the SJPF-TENG with higher electrical outputs and good detection precision. With a peak power density of 1.4Wm-2 (dozens of times that of conventional textile-based TENGs), the SJPF-TENG is capable of lighting up 1392 light-emitting diodes, powering miniature electronics, and charging various capacitors. Furthermore, a self-powered remote control, an intelligent alphabet writing pad, a smart fluff carpet, and a proof-of-concept fluff keyboard array with 3×3 sensing pixels are demonstrated to verify its outstanding sensing performance. Our results provide a massive prospect for high-power textile-based TENGs in large-area energy harvesting, smart-home control systems, entertainment, elder healthcare, and security warnings.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are increasingly being acknowledged as a promising candidate to safely power large-scale energy storage systems and portable devices. However, the development of effective separator materials remains a significant challenge due to issues such as harmful dendrite growth on zinc (Zn) anodes and parasitic side reactions in aqueous electrolytes. To address this challenge, we synthesize a manganese-coordinated cellulose nanofibril (Mn-CNF)-based separator for high-performance AZIBs. This separator affords enhanced ion transport channel, a large number of hydroxyl groups, and exceptional mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 2.8 MPa and superior ionic conductivity of 5.14 mS·cm−1. These attributes collectively enhance Zn-ion transport, minimize nucleation overpotential for Zn, and accelerate the Zn deposition kinetics, thus significantly outperforming the untreated CNF separators. Consequently, the Zn||MnO2 battery with the Mn-CNF separator shows a marked improvement in the galvanostatic rate performance and cycling stability by effectively accelerating and optimizing Zn-ion transport. This study offers valuable insights into the development of efficient and reliable separators for advanced electrochemical energy storage technologies.

In the coming era of intelligence, the textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator (T-TENG) is considered to be one of the most important development directions to achieve flexible wearable sensing and micro/nano energy harvesting. Among them, due to excellent physical proeprties of nano/micro fibrous structure, fluff/terry /fleece/brush/fur/pile/villus/velvet structure fabrics are gradually being applied to TENG. However, the research on the relationship between the triboelectric properties of TENG and the structural parameters of fluff, as well as the fabrication of large-scale fluff TENG are very lacking. Here, a 3D warp knitted terry fabric TENG (WKTF-TENG) is mass produced by a mature warp knitted technology. The triboelectric properties of contact-separation mode, lateral-sliding mode and single electrode mode are systematically investigated by changing the height and density of the pile loops of the fabric. This study demonstrates that terry fabric is an excellent triboelectric materials for it high output and good wear resistance, especially for ateral-sliding mode. The output of WKTF-TENG even increases with the increase of working cycles due to the more fluffy and uniform distribution of fibers on the surface of the fabric. What’s more, the triboelectric properties of terry fabrics also have a great relationship with the compression properties of the pile loops. As smart textile matertail, WKTF-TENG can be usde as self-powered motion monitoring sensor and energy harvesting device. The research on the output performance of WKTF-TENG through theoretical analysis and experimental testing may provides a promising direction for fluff fabric based TENG.

With the start of the intelligent age, textiles are no longer limited to safety protection, warmth, and aesthetic purposes. They have become intelligent textiles, which combine functionality, intelligence, and information technology to adapt to the era and enrich our lives, such as wearable textiles and energy harvesting electronics. However, the limited stretchable smart textiles and complex fabrication methods have largely hindered their development. Here, a mass-manufactured 3D stitching double weave fabric-based elastic triboelectric nanogenerator (3DWE-TENG) is developed. Based on its stable electrical output performances and rapid response to external tensile strain, it can be used for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing simultaneously through both the lining layer and the exterior layer. With an advanced 3D structural design and using the improved woven method, 3DWE-TENG can be stretched to 300% and achieves a stable mechanical structure, breathability, and excellent flexibility. Furthermore, it also has low costs, wearable comfortability, and high fabricating efficiency due to the mature woven technique and the common yarns used in the fabric. This work provides more opportunities for stretchable power sources and self-powered sensors with applications in wearable electronics.

In the intelligent era, the textile technique is a high efficiency, mature and simple manufacturing solution capable of fabricating fully flexible wearable devices. However, the external circuit with its integration and comfort limitations cannot satisfy the requirements of intelligent wearable and portable devices. This study presents an industrialized production method to fabricate core–shell structure conductive yarn for direct textile use, prepared by the high-speed sirospun technique. Both integration and flexibility are significantly improved over previous works. Combining sirospun conductive yarn (SSCY) and the intarsia technique can provide the SSCY seamless and convenient embedded knitted circuit (SSCY-EKC) to form a full textile electrical element as the channel of power and signals transmission, allowing for a stable resistance change and wide strain range for meeting practical applications. SSCY based on the triboelectric nanogenerator (SSCY-TENG) can be designed as a caution carpet with attractive design and good washability for a self-powered sensor that recognizes human motions. Furthermore, intrinsic textile properties such as washability, softness, and comfort remained. With benefits such as excellent extension, fitting, and stretchability, the SSCY-EKC used herein can realize a fully flexible electrical textile with a high potential for physical detection, body gesture recognition, apparel fashion, and decoration.

为提高环境适应性和可靠性,提出一种基于组合换能器的磁耦合式压电振动发电机,该发电机由纵振的耦合器和横摆的组合换能器构成.建立了组合换能器和磁力的COMSOL有限元模型,并进行了仿真分析,获得了组合换能器簧片长度比、厚度比及磁铁间距对发电机输出性能的影响.在此基础上,选取较佳的结构参数(长度比为0.57、厚度比为2),设计制作了样机并进行了试验测试,获得了激励磁铁和受激磁铁间横向距离Lx、纵向距离Ly、竖向距离Lz及负载电阻对发电机输出性能的影响规律.结果表明:激励频率f<20 Hz时,存在两个较佳谐振频率(由小到大分别记为fn1和fn2),使输出电压出现峰值.谐振频率及其所对应的电压峰值均随Lx,Ly及Lz的变化而变化,故合理选择激励磁铁和受激磁铁间距可降低fn1、提高fn2及增大输出电压,有效提高发电机的带宽和环境适应性.存在最佳负载电阻使发电机输出功率达到最大,f=11 Hz,R=540 kΩ时所获得的最大输出功率达0.19 mW.

BackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely reported to be involved in the development of human diseases. HLA complex P5 (HCP5) deregulation is associated with various diseases. However, the function of HCP5 in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is unclear.MethodsHuman glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) were treated with high glucose (HG) to establish DN cell models. The expression of HCP5, miR-93-5p and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) mRNA was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The expression of apoptosis- and fibrosis-related proteins and HMGA2 protein was quantified by western blot. The release of pro-inflammatory factor was checked using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The predicted relationship between miR-93-5p and HCP5 or HMGA2 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay, pull-down assay or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay.ResultsThe expression of HCP5 and HMGA2 was enhanced, while the expression of miR-93-5p was declined in DN serum samples and HG-treated HGMCs. HCP5 knockdown or miR-93-5p restoration ameliorated HG-induced HGMC proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation. MiR-93-5p was a target of HCP5, and miR-93-5p inhibition reversed the effects caused by HCP5 knockdown. Moreover, HMGA2 was a target of miR-93-5p, and HMGA2 overexpression abolished the effects of miR-93-5p restoration. HCP5 knockdown inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.ConclusionHCP5 was implicated in DN progression by modulating the miR-93-5p/HMGA2 axis, which provided new insights into the understanding of DN pathogenesis.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, with nearly 1.8 million-diagnosis and 1.59 million deaths. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in individual or combination are commonly used to treat lung cancers. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly selective method for the destruction of cancer cells by exerting cytotoxic activity on malignant cells. PDT has been the subject of numerous clinical studies and has proven to be an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Clinical studies revealed that PDT could prolong survival in patients with inoperable cancers and significantly improve quality of life. For inoperable lung cancer cases, PDT could be an effective therapy. Despite the clinical success reported, PDT is still currently underutilized to treat lung cancer and other tumors. PTD is still a new treatment approach for lung cancer mainly due to the lack of enough clinical research evaluating its' effectiveness and side effects. In this review, we discuss the current prospects and future potentials of PDT in lung cancer treatment.

Lignin, as the most abundant aromatic renewable biopolymer in nature, has long been regarded as waste and simply discarded from the pulp and paper industry. In recent years, with many breakthroughs in lignin chemistry, pretreatment, and processing techniques, a lot of the inherent bioactivities of lignin, including antioxidant activities, antimicrobial activities, biocompatibilities, optical properties, and metal-ion chelating and redox activities, have been discovered and this has opened a new field not only for lignin-based materials but also for biomaterials. In this Review, the biological activities of lignin and drug/gene delivery and bioimaging applications of various types of lignin-based material are summarized. In addition, the challenges and limitations of lignin-based materials encountered during the development of biomedical applications are also discussed.

The biorefinery and high-value utilization are the development tendency in the study of lignin. Lignin-graft-poly (D-lactic acid) (LG-g-PDLA) is a new kind of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) filler. In order to clarify the effects of LG-gPDLA on PLLA pyrolysis, PLLA/LG-g-PDLA (1 wt% filler) and pure PLLA were prepared and subjected to reveal the degradation mechanisms with proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (H- and C-13-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). More L-LA and less D- and meso-lactide (D- and meso-LA) were recovered from PLLA/LG-g-PDLA at 240 degrees C. By analyzing the NMR and GPC data, the thermal degradation of PLLA/LG-g-PDLA was put forward as being possible mechanisms of less random and more unzipping depolymerization. The results of lactides yields at different conditions better guide the optimization of PLLA recovery. Moreover, this innovative blending approach can simultaneously achieve high-value utilization of Lignin and recovery efficiency of PLLA.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of waxy corn starch and octenyl succinic anhydride to obtain modified octenyl succinic acid short chain glucan(OSA-SGC), embedding nerolidol, and Explore the application effect of nerolidol in cigarettes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), dynamic light scattering(DLS) were used to characterize OSA-SGC and OSA-SGC loaded with nerolidol. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that OSA-SGC was successfully prepared by esterification of short-chain dextran(SGC), and nerolidol was successfully introduced into the hydrophobic core of amphipathic OSA-SGC. The thermogravimetric curve indicated that the short-chain glucan undergoes an esterification reaction, and the thermal stability was improved after the nerolidol was embedded. The conclusions of transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering indicated that the particle size of the prepared sample belongs to nano-sized particles. Finally, the embedding rates of different OSA-SGCs for nerolidol were 49.45 %, 53.86 % and 54.01 %, respectively, determined by gas chromatography. Sensory evaluation was used to record the changes of fragrance retention time and aroma intensity of nerolidol and clathrate samples. It was found that there was little change in aroma intensity after embedding neroli in OSA-SGC, and there was still a strong aroma after 3 weeks.

目的 研究薄荷油微胶囊的制备方法,并研究包合物的制备及其结构表征,开发新型微胶囊载香技术.方法 通过紫外分光光度法对短葡聚糖链(octenyl succinic anhydride short chain dextran chain,OSA-SGC)包埋薄荷油的包埋率进行测定,通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM),热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TGA),红外光谱分析(infrared spectroscopy,IR)及X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对OSA-SGC及其包合物进行表征.结果 由酶解蜡质玉米淀粉制备的OSA-SGC聚合物的包埋率为35.7％.结论 酶解蜡质玉米淀粉制备的OSA-SGC聚合物能够有效包埋薄荷油,为新型微胶囊载香技术的开发与应用找到新出路.