Since 1990, Mongolia has been moving from a planned economy to a market economy for more than 30 years, revolutionizing the social order and adopting democratic methods. Over the past few years, Mongolia's social, economic and political development studies have produced specific assessments and conclusions. These articles explore Mongolia's development, characteristics, participation in the Belt and Road Initiative launched by the People's Republic of China, its benefits, its impact on the present state of Mongolia's society and the obstacles it faces. The paper presents the results of research into four main groups: common reasons, cause-effect, solution-effect and conclusions.

In any democratic country, political parties play an important role in the development of society and are a participating institution with a special role in representative democracy. In this context, parties play a major role in supporting fair competition in politics and also have an important influence on ideological and state regulation of politics. Therefore, political parties are obliged to fulfill their obligations to the society strictly within the legal and legal framework, to report on their financial support in accordance with the established procedure and to be able to be accountable to the society. In this context, how will Mongolias political parties influence the formation of the following functional approaches - the will of the people and the formation of public opinion improving citizens political education how to ensure citizens active participation in political life preparing citizens capable of performing public service and taking responsibility participating in elections as a candidate how to harmonize their political goals and agenda with the governments policies and decisions In this article, we have sought to clarify the following functional approaches. The results of the main and additional studies selected and conducted by the authors themselves are used, analyzed and presented.

Corruption weakens the rule of law, democratic institutions and social cohesion, hinders economic development, and exacerbates instability and security Consequently, since the 1990s, the international struggle against corruption has been strengthened by intergovernmental organizations of countries in the International Community. The purpose of this article is to monitor and analyze the views of citizens and the general public on the activities of the Anti-Corruption Agency. The following three points should be taken into account: 1) the current situation and impact of information and information on the fight against corruption; 2) the progress of the activities of the anti-corruption awareness movement; and 3) the evaluation of the importance of the activities of the anti-corruption awareness movement and attempts to clarify the reality. Авлигын эсрэг зохион байгуулж буй соён гэгээрүүлэх үйл ажиллагааны ач холбогдол: хэрэгцээ шаардлага, хүчин зүйлс ХураангуйАвлига нь улс орнуудын хууль дээдлэх ёс, ардчиллын институт, нийгмийн нэгдмэл байдал, эдийн засгийн хөгжлийг сулруулж, улс орны тогтвортой, аюулгүй байдалд ихээхэн аюул заналхийлж ирсэн тул 1990-ээд оноос олон улсын хамтын нийгэмлэгийн орнуудын засгийн газар хоорондын байгууллагуудаар дамжуулан олон улсын түвшинд авлигатай хийх тэмцлийг эрчимжүүлэх болсон. Бид энэхүү өгүүллээрээ авлигатай тэмцэх газраас хэрэгжүүлж буй дараахь үйл ажиллагаануудын талаарх иргэд, олон нийтийн санаа бодлыг тандаж, түүнд шинжилгээ хийхийг зорьсон. Ингэхдээ дараахь гурван зүйлд буюу (i) авлигын эсрэг хэрэгжүүлж буй мэдээлэл, сурталчилгааны өнөөгийн байдал, нөлөөлж буй хүчин зүйлсийг; (ii) авлигын эсрэг авч хэрэгжүүлж буй соён гэгээрүүлэх үйл ажиллагааны явцыг; (iii) авлигын эсрэг соён гэгээрүүлэх үйл ажиллагааны ач холбогдлыг үнэлж, бодит байдлыг тодруулахыг хичээв.Tүлхүүр үгс: олон нийттэй харилцах, соён гэгээрүүлэх, авлига, хэрэгцээ, сайн засаглал, иргэд

Энэхүү боть нь эдгээр хүнд хэцүү цаг үеийн ардчилсан тэмцлийн янз бүрийн талыг нь шинжлэн судлав. Үүний эхний хэсэгт нь Хүйтэн дайны дараах ардчилагдах үйл явцын хамгийн бага судлагдсан хэсэг болох Монгол улс дахь ардчилагдах үйл явцыг судлав. Хоёрдугаар хэсэгт дэлхийн бусад улс орнуудад өрнөсөн ардчилсан тэмцлийг хамарсан дүн шинжилгээг өргөжүүлж, ялангуяа олборлох салбараас эдийн засгийн хувьд хамааралтай байдаг Монгол болон бусад улс орнуудын хувьд гол асуудал болоод байгаа байгалийн баялгийн засаглалыг авч үзлээ. Энэхүү номыг бүтээхэд хувь нэмэр оруулагчдыг олон өөр улс орнууд, салбарууд, мэргэжлийн үе шатуудын хүрээнд олж сонгосон билээ. Тэд олон янзын алсын харааны өнцгөөс ардчиллын дутуу судлагдсан талуудыг тодорхой болгохын тулд, маш харилцан бие биенээ нөхсөн байдлаар, өөр өөр арга барил, аргачлалуудыг ашиглан ажилласан байна.

Democratic culture is a matter of establishing rule of law and protecting human rights, as well as good governance, effective administration of state resources, proper use of power, and conflict of interest. Therefore, democracy is not only a manifestation of the globalization process, but also the pursuit of perfect democratic mechanisms and mechanisms in many democracies and the opportunity to fully monitor the integrity of governmental institutions and to strengthen their governance power. We aim to base this research paper on facts and the following aspects. It clarifies that the following approaches to: (i) the degree of corruption in the political sphere; (ii) the nature of political corruption, its status, and prospects, as well as the changes that have occurred in it, based on the analysis of the results of long-term research of expert opinions. The article based on the comparative analysis with experts and other research sources. It is series of article which is verifying the conditions and state of corruption types, spheres, relationship between political bodies and business groups and reasons and conditionality. The first chapter of the series of article attempted to underline the corruption sphere and corruption of types. The second chapter commenced the relationship with socio-political and politic-business groups and reasons for the conditionality of the corruption in Mongolia.

That is why, in the interest of research, we conduct various scientific studies, which examine the definitions of each type, taking into account comparative analysis, limited within the political science, only in To study political culture, it is important to have a clear definition of it. At the same time, it is important to define the role of political culture in society. We need to measure to be challenged role of political culture in society and then measure it in detail. We have studied the concept and perception of political culture in order to justify the real political situation in our country, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of research. The main purpose of this article is to clarify the real situation of political culture and the picture of how they represent and express their voices. One of the main assumptions of the study of political culture is considered to be the need for it and the impact of its adequacy. political situation to filter it out. and political situation shows that young people need to take a different approach. is important to monitor the activities of youth OGO and government agencies and pay close attention to their implementation.

In this article we attempt to introduce the current circumstances for the Chinese investment, a basis for mutual trust and coherent cooperation as well as mutual understanding between the two countries in the new period of the Belt and Road Initiatives. In addition, we aimed to investigate thoroughly the above-mentioned circumstances of mutual trust and trustful understanding among citizens, servants and policy makers as called upon to emphasize the human potential and human capital. The article considers the impact of the present structure of the two countries (China-Mongolia) and its level of coherence, efficiency of mutual economy and the value of its conditions. We would like to emphasize that behind any economic policy there must always be agreements, commitments and real cooperation. We believe that foreign relations and cooperation between the two countries are not only measured by investments, but also by the national values, norms, practices, traditions, views and motives of the host country. Therefore, we emphasize that mutual cooperation and investment cannot exist without due account of those mentioned circumstances. In other words, we keynoted the distancing in the relations between individuals, organizations, communities and the government, which are the main influencing forces today. Our proposal is to draw the attention to the lack of communication mechanisms from the two sides. Our attempt is to sum up China’s investment into Mongolia, including the current investment trends and future perspectives which are to be realized within the framework of the project, «The Belt & Road Initiative».

In the last three decades, views about democracy in Mongolia have transformed from high expectations and hopes to perceived failure in performances in political and economic terms. A national and international researchers concluded that at the initial stage of democratization, Mongolians were guided by the general concepts and values of democracy such as human rights, liberty, and freedom of association and expression. Later, these values shifted to more in-depth notions that can be summarized as “democracy is a process for ensuring accountability and justice based on the active engagement of citizens”. This article explores the factors that contributed to democratic challenges and bottlenecks drawing on experts’ interviews conducted by the author and a review of various public opinion surveys assessing democratic performance in Mongolia. The article uses methodologies and tools designed by International IDEA and assesses the applicability of different democratic models to the Mongolian context. It argues that the evaluation of democracy in Mongolia should use additional criteria reflecting Mongolian characteristics. It concludes by suggesting that the enhancement of the democratic mechanism of accountability of public institutions is a key opportunity to consolidate democracy. The experts participating in the assessment viewed the frameworks of executive, pluralist and protective democracy are more suitable for democracy development in Mongolia, and communitarian democracy.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the evaluation of topical ideas of Inner Asia civilization in the multi-polar world. Without doubt, in contemporary global world it is essential for each country to creatively explore ideas and scientific civilizational theories to define its place in modern global community. Today the Mongols actively explore these theories and doctrines which have linkage to Western origin, but the research deserves a creative approach and does not fit properly the national reality and specifics.Material and methods. To define the specific features of Mongolian civilization the authors study philosophical doctrines of existence in harmony, doctrine of duality, time, Buddism – all the ideas that influenced the Mongolian views on “nation” and “democracy”, historical lessons and geopolitics.Results. At present Mongolia has a tough choice in pursuing foreign policy. Three main world development centers- the USA, China and Russia- have emerged and the threat of a potential conflict between them have increased. It is apparent that this process in the future will strongly influence the present and further development of each region and country in the world. Thus the fundamental issues concerning the methodological approach in development philosophy as well as in civilizational philosophy appeared alongside the changes in world situation. The issue of national identity should not be excluded from the political agenda as well as historical and development issues from policy analysis.Discussion and Conclusions. Mongolia in respect to its geographical location belongs to the Asia-Pacific region. In the civilizational aspect Mongols are nomadic nation. These two factors are fundamental conditions for the shaping of national identity. In context of civilizational affinity and national identity Mongols are more close to the Central Asian space. In this area such regional organizations as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and APEC operate. However, Mongolia is not a member of these organizations and cannot efficiently participate in big regional and world projects and programs having the status of observer. Hence the membership in these regional organizations and the significant economic growth are strategically important for Mongolia.

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people.The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia; such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties.The content of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher.On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation, the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s.From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

The paper attempts to make an analysis on the rural youth perception in the political activeness and motivations in the governing decisions.Especially, we investigated by the current status of education in the rural citizens in the following prospects of a/ educational status, b/ working positions, c/ social status, d/ political interests, e/ detachment to the politics, f/its reasons and social membership etc.The paper also reviews data on changes and prospects between rural youth under the age groups i.e. 18-24, 25-34, and 35-45.In accordance with analysis that comparatively with youth age classification and political interests, shown pre or upper youth ages responded that they are interested in politics and making new steps to change the social situation.Even though, youth who are aging up to that age group would like to participate in governing decisions with their activeness and motivations to reach their voices of freedom.In regard to above mentioned comparative analysis, the calculation of the political interests, detachment to politics, social membership and other circumstances towards political activeness and motivations of youth living in rural area.Such as youth level and types of profession, social membership or status are mostly dependent upon youth`s social positions.Respectively, authors attempted to conduct a comparative data analysis on the series of researches on youth political participation and their activeness, motivations in the current socio-political orientations and trends of youth social responsibilities and accountabilities.The paper has simply used main data bases on sociological survey data on "Rural lifestyles" which was conducted in Dundgobi, Sukhbaatar, Arkhangai, Selenge and Bayan-Ulgii aimags in 2015-2016 by the Department of Sociology and Social Psychology at the Institute of Philosophy of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.The rural area is divided into three levels of administrative units namely aimag (provincial center) soum center (the second smallest administrative unit in rural provinces), countryside or bag (the smallest administrative unit in rural areas) distant from soum center of afore mentioned aimags.

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorizing the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties. The contented of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher. On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation and the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s. From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

The article considers that historical background and perspectives of the socialist society to democratic regime.the purpose of this article is to stimulate inquiry into important questions about how to facilitate and consolidate transitions from communism to marketoriented democratic regime in Mongolia, and how Mongolians are honored to be able to present the views of so many distinguished factors in national commitment to promote the study, understanding, and practice of democracy and democratic values in the prerequisite conditions in the Mongolian democracy.

The paper aimed to express that democracy development and promoting democratic governance in Mongolia brought specific changes; however, difficulties and challenges. These are the process to institutionalize democracy, mainly in creating a democratic mechanism within public institutions. Failed policies, emphasis in political parties, and the election process influence democratic institution building. While the Mongolia’s democratic governance indicators initiative was very much owned by national stakeholders, an important aspect of the process was to engage with key international partners who specialize on democracy assessments. The nationally owned democratic governance indicators express multifaceted and intricate manifestations of social life, it is difficult to fully assess, and using this simplified assessment method. The content of paper has categorized by the survey data and information such conducted by the 2009-2010 on the “ Changes in the state of Mongolia ’ s democratic governance: 2009-2010 ” and other initial sources in related to the democratic governance and democracy changes in Mongolia in that years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i18.71 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.18 2013: 69-93

The paper contains the outputs, conclusions and recommendations of the “Support to Achieving the MDG-9, Phase II” Project (2009-2011). It has shown that reflect two interrelated activities aimed at contributing to a better quality of Mongolia’s democratic governance and describes the process of detailed account of the Project activities that have resulted in the first ever set of institutionalized and fully nationally owned democratic governance indicators in support of human rights, democratic governance and zero tolerance to corruption. The MDG-9 Project believes that the experiences shared the benefit a wide range of audiences, including international organizations and other countries that are interested in developing governance indicators and institutionalizing monitoring mechanisms. It also will be of use to the Mongolian public – both government and civil society for awareness-raising and policy action. Those mentioned descriptions and optional explanations have been categorized on the substantial narrative reports of the project implementation and background of extended activities in the last period of 2009-2011. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i18.67 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.18 2013: 16-29

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i15-16.34 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.15-16 2008-2009 pp.135-174