This report describes a protocol for utilization of aquaculture wastewater for biomass production, high value pigment recovery and carbon sequestration through a cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis through a green process. The dry weight (2.76 ± 0.03 g/L) was almost comparable with the control showing a negligible decrease of 0.89%. During the 6 to 8 days of the culture duration, the biomass composition of amended aquaculture wastewater demonstrated a maximum cell productivity (0.0734 ± 0.0050 g/L/day), carbon sequestration (0.0314 ± 0.0021 g/L/day) and CO2 sequestration (0.1151 ± 0.0078 g/L/day), showing a substantial 20% improvement compared to the control. The yield of a pharmaceutically important pigment phycocyanin was 101.95 ± 1.49 mg/g DW in the wastewater grown cultures showing a negligible decrease (0.83%) compared to the synthetic medium grown cultures. The reduction in the cost of the synthetic medium through utilization of aquaculture wastewaters after certain amendments is a novel approach for an environmentally friendly and cost-effective production of S. platensis. The quality of biomass and phycocyanin in amended wastewater grown cultures was not altered. This report provides baseline data about aquaculture wastewater utilization for cyanobacterial biomass production, carbon sequestration and recovery of a valuable pigment phycocyanin through a simple and low-cost downstream process.

Background: Alcohol dependence is a wide and extending social and physical problem in the world. It affects a person at the individual, family, and society levels. The aim is to study and compare the influence of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and behavioral couple therapy on the level of motivation in a person with alcohol dependence. Methodology: Pre- and post-test with control group design was used. A total number of 60 subjects were selected using a purposive sampling method. The sample comprised twenty subjects in the behavioral couple therapy treatment as usual (Behavioral couple therapy BCT + TAU) group, twenty subjects in the control (TAU) group, and twenty subjects in the (MET + TAU) group, respectively. The subjects recruited were in the age range of 21–60 years, educated up to primary level and above, with no comorbid psychiatric, neurological disorder, physical problem, multiple substance use coming to outpatient department and inpatient department Department of Psychiatry IMS, BHU, Varanasi, and wife having age above 18 years, married for at least 1 year, educated up to primary level and above. Tools: sociodemographic datasheets, alcohol use disorder identification test, general health questionnaire-12, and stages of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale were utilized. Results: Psychotherapeutic intervention such as MET and behavioral couple therapy plays an effective role in raising motivation to change in alcohol-dependent person to quit alcohol, which is indicated by the significant rise in motivation for the change of alcohol-dependent person's recognition (F = 4.42, P < 0.05) and taking steps (F==3.78, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests that combining pharmacological treatment with appropriate psychosocial therapies give fruitful result in the form of a desire to quit alcohol dependence.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes.

Introduction: Motivational enhancement therapy is characterized as a directive, client-centered intervention which helps in modification of behavior by helping subjects in identifying and resolving the ambivalence toward a change in self. In order to free one from the vicious cycle of the alcohol trap one needs self-efficacy, which serves a protective role to prevent from relapses. The study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of MET on the self-efficacy of individuals pre and posttest with control design were applied. Methods: A total of 40 subjects, alcohol-dependent persons fulfilling International classification of Diseases-10 criteria were selected through purposive sampling method from Outdoor and Indoor Service of Psychiatry Department IMS BHU, Varanasi, were randomly divided into two groups. 1st group 20 subjects were given motivational enhancement therapy session for 10 sessions along with treatment as usual (MET + TAU), whereas 2nd group control group were given treatment as usual (TAU) at the end of intervention post level of self-efficacy were measured through self-efficacy scale. Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale, Alcohol use disorder identification test, Self-Efficacy Scale as tools were used. Result: The result shows that the mean value of self-efficacy in (MET + TAU) group before intervention was 56.30 ± 2.99 and mean value of self-efficacy in (MET + TAU) after intervention was 60.75 ± 2.65 which shows significant difference is found in self-efficacy after intervention. Conclusion: Motivational enhancement therapy tries to decrease ambivalence so as to enhance the change in the subject's self-efficacy which assists the individuals in abstinence from alcohol.

Large scale farming of Clarias magur (Indian walking catfish) is limited due to the non-availability of seed because of high mortality rate occurring during its larval rearing. The aim of the present study was to develop an optimal strategy based on the dietary lipids and proteins for enhancing the larval survival. A 3-week study from 14-35 day post hatching (dph) was conducted to elucidate the effects of dietary lipid and protein level on growth, survival and mRNA expression of growth related genes of C. magur larvae. Significantly (P < 0.05) high growth on average we weight basis and survival rate was observed in 8% dietary lipid inclusion level followed by 10% and 12% lipid contents from 14-35 dph larval rearing phase. The effect of dietary lipid on the body composition was also reflected on the lipid content of larvae where a significant difference was observed. Similarly, growth-related genes like growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) exhibited a significantly high expression a 8% lipid level compared to 10% and 12% whereas, insulin-like growth factor binding protein3 (IGFBP3) showed a reverse trend. Based on the results, 8% dietary lipid along with the protein combination improved the performances significantly with regard to growth and survival. However, this experiment did not help to differentiate whether the differences observed a different time points are due to dietary protein level or the age of larvae. Hence, another experiment was conducted in which diets were formulated to contain different protein levels (55, 50 and 45%) with a constant 8% level of lipid in all the treatments along with commercial diet as control. The inclusion of 8% lipid and 55% protein was observed to show excellent performance with respect to growth, survival and the mRNA expression of important growth-related genes. Hence, a formulated diet with crude protein of 55% and 8% lipid can be suggested as the optimal microdiet for the larval rearing of C. magur.

Background: A rapid increase in population of elderly people has been noticed in all over the world. With this increase in population of elderly, several other types of physical and mental health related problems also increased among them. Besides these problems, changed in living arrangement of elderly people also may increase the level of stress among elderly and be result of poor quality of life (QOL). Methods and materials: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted to assess and compare the level of perceived stress and quality of life among elderly people living separately from their children and elderly living with their children or family members. A total 100 individuals (50 elderly people living with their children or other family members and 50 elderly people living separately from their children) aged 60 years and above were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire including socio-demographic variables, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and WHOQOL BREF Questionnaire. Result: Majority of the respondents was belonged to age group 60-64 years and ratio of male and female respondents was nearly equal in both study groups. Moderate level of perceived stress was found in both study groups. Significant difference was found in perceived stress and quality of life both study groups. And significant negative correlation was found between the perceived stress and quality of life of elderly people. Conclusion: Living separately from their children and other family member in late life increase the perceived level of stress among elderly and resulting increase in poor quality of life. And perceived stress is negatively correlated with quality of elderly people.

In the category of Public health problems on global level alcohol dependence is counted as major one. It disturbs the life of user and family. Alcohol misuse deteriorates marital relationship most. Behaviour couple therapy (BCT) is a non pharmacological way of treatment which is ray of hope for both husband and wives if one of partner used to be alcohol dependent. Several investigations in this area reported that with progress of behavior couple therapy alcohol intake reduces; relationship satisfaction enhances, violence and abuse in relationship also reduces. The aim of study is to examine the effectiveness of behavior couple therapy to enrich marital adjustment in wives of alcohol dependent spouse. Sample of total 40 were recruited through purposive sampling method and equally distributed randomly 20 couples in Experiment group (Behaviour couple therapy+ Treatment as usual) and 20 couples in control group (Treatment as usual) respectively. Audit questionnaire is used for screening for excessive drinking, GHQ-12 scale is used for screening psychiatric distress among wives Kuppuswamy scale for measuring socio economic status, Marital adjustment questionnaire is administrated at pre evaluation level and at post evaluation level after giving 10 session of behavior couple therapy to couple. Behaviour couple therapy seems to be important technique in enhancing marital adjustment among couples. Mean value of marital adjustment of experiment group 16.65 ± 2.58 at baseline and mean value of marital adjustment after intervention 21.45 ± 2.11.

Management of Choanephora twig blight disease of chilli was carried out in year 2014 for screening potential biocontrol agent and effective fungicide under greenhouse conditions with different combinations. In the present study the treatment, T2 (captan @ 0.15%) recorded was found to most effective in reducing the disease incidence by 66.47% followed by T7 (Trichoderma viride + captan + Neem oil) 28.9% when compared to control (13.95%).

The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplement diet (CSD) on non-specific immunity, growth and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Cirrhinus mrigala. Fishes were fed with formulated diet containing curcumin in different graded levels as control (C) (0.00%), T1 (0.25%), T2 (0.5%), T3 (1.0%), T4 (1.5%), and T5 (2.0%) for 45 days. Treatments were maintained in triplicate and each tank was stocked with 20 fingerlings (10.5 g ± 1.4). Fishes were challenged with a virulent strain of E. tarda after 45 days of feeding and relative percentage survival was recorded over 14 days post challenge. The percentage weight gain (PWG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fishes fed with curcumin enriched diet were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) better than the control group. Dietary curcumin at the level of 1.5% (T4) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher RPS (62.5%) against E. tarda infection than control. Blood and serum samples were collected for non-specific immune parameters on 0, 15, 30, and 45 days interval and growth performance was evaluated at every 15 days period of the experiment. The results suggest that fishes feed with curcumin enriched diet (1-1.5%) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher total immunoglobulin, serum protein, serum albumin, Immunoglobulin, respiratory burst activity and myeloperoxidase activity. Hence, this study revealed that CSD has a potential stimulatory effect on non-specific immunity along with improved growth performance and increased disease resistance against E. tarda infection in C. mrigala.

Background: Available literature shows that studies with careful analysis of result were less in number, especially on impact of social network among caregivers of individual with alcohol dependence syndrome. Aim: To study the influence of social network among caregivers of individual with alcohol dependence syndrome. Material and methods: A pre and post with control group design was adopted for the present study sampling design. Samples were selected by using the purposive sampling method, from the Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences. Ten caregivers in experimental and ten in control group were recruited. The researchers administered socio-demographic interview schedule and clinical data sheet, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and Social Support Questionnaire. Results: Result shows comparison of scores obtained after intervention in experimental group and control group. Social support mean was 45.60±4.14 and 41.60±3.56 in experimental and control group respectively. It shows there was significant difference between both groups, social support (Z=2.05, p<0.05). Conclusion: The finding indicates social network among caregivers of individual with alcohol dependence plays pivotal role in improving the social support system of caregivers, protecting them from becoming prey of loneliness and aloofness.

Motivational interviewing is a directive, client centered counseling style that aims to help client explore and resolve their ambivalence about behavior change. Motivational interviewing plays pivotal role in improvement of health condition although primarily it was developed for fighting with addiction problem but now it shows its contribution in clinical setting to promote weight reduction, dietary modification, exercise thus having a potential profound impact on heart disease, hypertension diabetes mellitus prompting to use safe sex practices and protecting from the risk of HIV and other STD diseases. Motivational interviewing stresses on way of communication from traditional advice giving to reflective listening. Principles of motivational interviewing are Express empathy, Avoid arguments, Develop discrepancies, Roll with resistance and Support Self efficacy. As, it has been seen that motivation plays key role in any person’s life and many diseases flourishes due to our lack of motivation to change behavior and our life style that used to exacerbate morbidity. Motivational interviewing technique used to act as a catalyst to accelerate our activities through behavior change and protecting us from health related problems in future.

Background: Ageing in the new millennium will be greatly influenced by both global and region specific factors, although increasing numbers as well as significant changes in the socio-cultural milieu are responsible for the recent emphasis on studies pertaining to older adults in India. This has resulted in the caregiver issue becoming a growing concern for national policy makers. The family as a single unit is undergoing changes leading to significant adjustments in accommodating and caring for older adults in the family, making them more vulnerable to illness and psychosocial strains in the absence of familial support network. Aim: To assess and compare quality of life (QOL) between elderly people living in old age home and within the family setup. Methods and materials: A cross sectional research design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted at two old age homes and two areas of Ranchi - Kantatoli and Kanke. The sample comprised of 80 participants who were further divided into 40 participants from old age homes and 40 participants from family. Tools such as socio-demographic data sheet and QOL scale were administered to obtain the data. Result and conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that QOL was better of those elderly people who were living in old age home in comparison of those elderly people who were living within family setup.

In this paper we are presenting a Localization System for a Mobile Server based on Bluetooth Signal Parameters received from Multiple Bluetooth Devices in range. Though Bluetooth technology allows us to keep a low budget and low power system but at the same time it adds a tradeoff of accuracy. Therefore before predicting the distance first we create a lookup table with RSSI and Distance. We calculate the RSSI value by taking a large number of measurements for various distance and picking up the value that occurs most frequently by making the histogram. When we are predicting the distance we are taking reading from the Heading Sensor and Odometer attached to the mobile server and passing it on to an Extended Kaman Filter which model the noise associated with the system.

The paper proposes Navigation Architecture for Autonomous mobile robot navigating, exploring and avoiding obstacles in both outdoor and indoor environment. Mobile robot systems have recently been used in fields as diverse as rescue, surveillance and medicine. We bring into consideration the need of having navigation architecture for safe path planning with an emphasis on exploration. In this article by Exploration we specially mean surveillance. While the autonomous robot explores an either indoor or an outdoor environment it come across many human being present. Our unique architecture not only avoids them while navigating but also detect faces and stores the various faces that it comes across.Our algorithm is described in two steps. Motion model gives emphasis to obstacle avoidance at different speeds while exploration model gives emphasis to detection of human faces while moving at a safe speed following a safe trajectory. The algorithm has been successfully tested on Lakshya- an UGV‡ platform in both outdoor and indoor condition.

Binocular Stereo vision system has been actively used for real time obstacle avoidance in autonomous mobile robotics for the last century. The computation of free space is one of the essential tasks in this field. This paper describes algorithm for obstacle avoidance for mobile robots which can navigate through obstacle. While most of the paper based on stereo vision works on the disparity image but we are proposing a method based on reducing the 3D point cloud obtained from stereo camera after 3D reconstruction of the environment to build a stochastic representation of environment navigation map. The algorithm assigns each cell of the grid with a value (free or obstacle or unknown) which helps the robot avoid obstacles and navigate in real time. The algorithm has been successfully tested on "Lakshya" - an UGVDagger platform in both outdoor and indoor condition.