This study aimed to construct new yeast hybrid strains for introducing flavor and aroma diversity to ciders. The inactivated protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida krusei were electric-induced fused under the optimized electric condition of pulse field density 2200V/cm, pulse time 20 mu s, pulse number 2 times and pulse interval 1 s, and 69 fusants were initially obtained. By performing Durham's fermentation for ten generations, 9 stable hybrid strains were screened. The chemical analysis showed that the alcoholic degree of ciders fermented by R2, R4, R5, R6 and R8 achieved about 12% (v/v), which was statistically the same level as the one fermented by parental strain WF1. The GC-MS results showed different strain generated totally different aroma profiles. R4 produced significant higher concentration of 2-methyl-butanoic acid ethyl ester, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-butanol acetate, 1-butanol, acetic acid hexyl ester, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol. The 9 hybrid yeast strains and parental strains were further compared through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combining sensory score and aroma components content. The results showed that the hybrid R4 scored highest and displayed desirable properties of both parents. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The construction of county-level rural land-use database is an urgent need of land informationization management and construction in our country. At first,several kinds of main software's function characteristics are compared and ArcGIS is chosen to take the software platform in this paper. Then revised the construction flow of county-level rural land-use database. Some key technologies in the process of database building are discussed, for example: The technology of Attribute input; Characteristic point symbol library design; Geographical correlation method quality control mechanism. Finally, it carries on the forecast to the application prospect of county-level rural land-use database based on ArcGIS.

On the base of in-depth analysis of the spatial data quality,the authors try to design the quality control system of the country-level rural land-use database,then they focus on discussing several key quality control techniques in quality control system.At last,they expound the evaluation model of database on the quality.It has an important significance for ensuring the county-level rural land-use database construction efficiency and improving the application prospect.

Several kinds of main software's function characteristics were compared and ArcGIS was chosen to be the software platform in this paper.Then the construction flow of county-level rural land investigation database was revised.Some key technologies in the process of database construction were discussed,for example,the technology of attribute input;aharacteristic point symbol library design;geographical correlation method quality control mechanism.Finally,the application prospect of county-level rural land investigation database based on ArcGIS was carries out,which is valuable in practice.

The cultivated land Protection had important significance in the process of circulation agricultural land.At first,Careful analysis of the circulation between the circulations agricultural land and the cultivated land Protection in this paper.Then on this basis,Construction the models of circulation agricultural land based on cultivated land protection,trying to release contradiction between the circulation agricultural land and the cultivated land Protection,So as to better promote the circulation agricultural land.

The method flow of using ArcGIS software to generalize land use map was introduced.The key technologies such as the formation of mathematical basis,spatial adjustment and spatial modeling were discussed.And the forecast of map generalization technology was predicted.

Based on the full study on the professional vectorization software R2v and unprofessional software Arcgis and Mapgis with vectorization module,the topographic map and land use actuality map were digitized by using these three kinds of softwares.Combining with the second land use investigation,the vectorization method of combining R2v with Arcgis was put forward,so as to reach higher vectorization accuracy.

This paper studied on the fement of the 10 yeast strains preserved in the laboratory,using the apple from Luochuan of Shaanxi based on the process of low temperature brewing,.By comprehensive evaluating as the indexes of CO2 weightlessness,alcohol content,residual sugar,acidity and sensory evaluation,WF1 was regarded as the high ferment cider yeast.

In order to optimize the conditions of protoplast formation and regeneration of high vigor cider yeast,the effects of cell age,enzyme mass concentration,temperature of enzymatic hydrolysis,time of enzymatic hydrolysis,power of ultrasonic,temperature of ultrasonic,treating time of ultrasonic on protoplast formation and regeneration in cider yeast were systemically analyzed by using enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonic methods.The results showed:①Ultrasonic was better than enzymatic hydrolysis on getting rid of cell wall.②The optimum conditions by ultrasonic were:cell age 8 h,power 240 W,temperature 30 ℃,ultrasonic treating time 30 min.③Under the optimum conditions,the formation rate of protoplast was 95.21%,and the regeneration rate of protoplast was 30.03%.It was concluded that ultrasonic was simpler than enzymatic hydrolysis in operating,and both the formation and regeneration rate improved distinctively compared with the enzymatic hydrolysis.