One of the rare forms of ameloblastoma is Peripheral Ameloblastoma (PA). This variant stands out from the others due to its specific location in the soft tissues of the oral cavity. The behavior is typically calm and can be addressed by completely removing it through a local conservative excision. Case Presentation: This article presents a case involving gingival enlargement that clinically resembles pyogenic granuloma. Upon histopathological examination, it displayed characteristics of Peripheral Ameloblastoma. Management: The treatment involved completely removing the lesion using a 810 nm Diode laser. A follow-up for 6 months with no signs of recurrence has been documented. The literature review of PA addressed in this article connects research and clinical practice, improving patient care in diagnosis, therapy, and determining the recurrence rate of this rare odontogenic tumour. Conclusion: Clinicians can use evidence-based clinical practice to determine the accurate diagnosis and treatment option.

Background Natural compounds and biomaterials, such as nanohydrogels, have gained interest due to their biocompatibility and tissue regeneration potential. A novel nanohydrogel was prepared by employing Tridax procumbens , a traditional plant with anti-inflammatory properties and chitosan nanoparticles and a natural bioadhesive with potent antimicrobial and antioxidant effects and dopamine, which has been shown to regulate angiogenesis and influence cell growth. The objective of this study was to examine how human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells respond to a nanohydrogel formulation containing dopamine, chitosan nanoparticles, and T. procumbens extract in terms of cell viability and cell migration. Methods From human gingival tissue, fibroblasts were cultured. A nanohydrogel formulation was prepared by combining dopamine, chitosan nanoparticles, and T. procumbens extract. Three groups were evaluated: Group 1 (nanohydrogel containing dopamine, chitosan nanoparticles, and T. procumbens extract (DnCTP)), Group 2 (chitosan nanoparticles and T. procumbens extract (nCTP)), and Group 3 ( T. procumbens extract (TP)). The MTT assay was used to measure the percentage of cell viability and a scratch assay to observe cell migration in the wounded area at different concentrations. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and imported to IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (released 2015, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and the Mann -Whitney U test was conducted to statistically analyze the cell viability for different concentrations within the three groups. Results The nanohydrogel formulation (DnCTP) showed dose -dependent effects on cell viability with the highest cell viability at 40 mu L/mL concentration, and higher concentrations of 80 mu L/mL exhibited cytotoxic effects. nCTP and TP showed decreased cell viability at 80 mu L/mL concentration (p < 0.05), indicating potential cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. DnCTP showed improved cell migration in the scratch assay as compared to other groups (nCTP and TP), indicating its potential for facilitating wound healing. Conclusion Dopamine, chitosan nanoparticles, and T. procumbens worked together synergistically to create a nanohydrogel formulation (DnCTP) that showed promise for improving wound healing in human gingival fibroblast cells at a dose -dependent concentration, which may therefore work as an excellent wound -healing agent in periodontal and peri-implant therapy.

Original researchBetadine, commonly known as povidone-iodine (PVP-I), is an antiseptic used to treat infected wounds and to prepare the skin and mucous membranes before surgery.It has broad-spectrum, fastacting bactericidal properties and also has sporicidal, fungicidal, and virucidal activity.The PVP-I solution is less potent than products that contain free I, but it is also less hazardous because it releases

Background The process of suturing is essential to the healing of surgical wounds. Sutures on surgical wounds from fabric approximate ligament tissues, control haemorrhage, and assist the primary healing process in oral surgical procedures. The oral environment may cause the suture to lose its tensile strength, which causes tissue to open and spread infection. Different mouthwashes are recommended for effective oral hygiene maintenance postoperatively. Ideally, the use of mouthwashes should not alter the mechanical properties of suture materials. A suture material's tensile strength or ability to endure tension during knotting and long-term wound protection is measured. Aim The aim of the current study is to assess the tensile strength of polyglactin sutures following immersion in herbal mouthwashes. Methods Two commercially available synthetic braided polyglactin 910 absorbable sutures (Vicryl and Seamcryl) were chosen to assess their tensile strength following immersion in two kinds of herbal mouthwashes: nilavembu (Andrographis paniculata) silver nanoparticle mouthwash and clove-uni stevia mouthwash. The tensile strength of the sutures was evaluated using an ElectroPuls® E3000 (Instron, Norwood, MA, USA) universal testing machine. The data were transferred to IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), wherein the tensile strength values of Vicryl and Seamcryl after immersion in two different mouthwashes compared with control were statistically analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results The tensile strength of Vicryl suture material was found to be higher in the clove-uni stevia mouthwash group than in the nilavembu silver nanoparticle mouthwash and control (p-value=0.000, which is statistically significant). The tensile strength of Seamcryl suture material was found to be higher in the clove-uni stevia mouthwash group than in the nilavembu silver nanoparticles mouthwash and control (p-value=0.001, which is statistically significant). Conclusion Nilavembu silver nanoparticle mouthwashes analysed in the present study decreased the tensile strength property of Vicryl suture material after immersion for 24 hours, whereas clove-uni stevia mouthwash was shown to increase the tensile strength of both Vicryl and Seamcryl suture materials. Therefore, the selection of suture material and the postoperative prescription of mouthwash should be considered for a better clinical outcome.

Tridax procumbens is a well-known medicinal herb that has traditionally been used to treat wounds and bronchial catarrh. In the current work, target proteins (EGF, PDGF, TGF, VEGF) implicated in wound healing were analyzed using in silico computational analysis of chosen active phytoconstituents of Tridax procumbens. Studies have shown that these targets are essential in wound healing and injury repair. This study aims to see if Caffeic acid, Epicatechin, Kaempferol, and Tannic acid can bind to and enhance the activity of specific proteins. The current research relies heavily on a computer-based molecular docking tool that simulates the in vivo situation and uses a unique algorithm to evaluate a ligand molecule's binding affinity and pose to a receptor. According to the findings, tannic acid had a great affinity with all of the target proteins studied in this investigation. Thus, this chemical should be investigated further as a potential therapeutic candidate.

The most common sequela of wearing removable dentures is denture stomatitis. This review article uses a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format to collect data regarding articles that report on the treatment of denture stomatitis using tissue conditioners modified with antifungal drugs, inorganic compound, and phytomedicines. Their advantages, disadvantages, and mechanism of action are discussed.

Background: Lung cancer is considered as one of the most common causes for cancer-related death globally. Carica papaya is one of the most well-known traditional medicines to treat diseases, and is also known to treat cancer and help in cancer prevention. The study investigates the effect of Carica seed extract on inhibitory kappa B kinase beta and mTOR mRNA expression in lung cancer cells (A549 cells). Methods: Cell viability test was assessed using MTT assay. mRNA expression of inhibitory kappa B kinase beta and mTOR mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. The results was analysed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test with graphpad prism version 5 software. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: It was observed that there wasmaximum inhibition (50%) at 400-500µg/ml of Carica seed extract. It was also found that the fold change over control of mTOR mRNA expression was significant at 500µg/ml of Carica seed extract and the fold change over control of IKKB mRNA expression was significant (p<0.05) at 400µg/ml in cancer cells treated with Carica seed extract. Conclusion: Thus concluding that Carica seed extract has been found to have significant anticancer property on A549 lung cancer cell lines, and can be used as a natural product in combating lung cancer.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have remarkable properties with versatile applications like antimicrobial, larvicidal, anticancer and wound healing. Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs utilizing microorganisms is apparent and inferable from its guaranteed rewards including pharmacological and other potential applications. The utilization of bacteria and fungi for the synthesis of AgNPs is noticeably advantageous due to the formation of high amount of proteins, simple handling, less toxicity and high yield. Further, the stability of the biological activity of the AgNPs is also greatly improved as these AgNPs are readily coated by biomolecules derived from these microorganisms. This chapter provides valuable insights about the bacterial and fungal mediated synthesis of AgNPs and its noteworthy applications in different fields.

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy is a condition that brings about both physiological and hormonal changes in the body. The most significant change during pregnancy is the increased production of pregnancy hormones like progesterone and estrogen. The alterations in the hormone bring about various systemic diseases, from which periodontal diseases are higher in prevalence. The oral cavity exhibits a various number of changes during pregnancy. The common changes in oral health that occur during pregnancy are dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, etc. The outcome of pregnancy can also be affected because of the maintenance of poor oral health during pregnancy. Poor oral health can even cause preterm delivery, low birth weight, and also the risk of developing caries among infants. Aim: The study aims to create awareness of the impact of pregnancy on oral health. The online survey comprises a set of self-developed questionnaires that were circulated. The population associated with the study was 120. The information gathered was examined using SPSS software. The outcomes were expressed in pie diagrams and bar charts. From the study, 55.67% of the population were not aware that gingivitis can affect pregnant women, 57.50% of the population were not aware of precautions to be taken to prevent gingivitis. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that knowledge should be created through oral education and the maintenance of oral health hygiene like brushing the teeth twice a day with fluoridated toothpaste, a balanced diet, use of dental floss, and regular dental checkup.

Context:Gingival recession is the most common mucogingival defect and is susceptible to tooth hypersensitivity, root caries, and esthetic problems if left untreated. A lateral pedicle flap is used to cover denuded roots that have adequate donor tissue laterally and adequate vestibular depth. A carefully planned surgery needs proper immobilization of the flap at the recipient site and this can be achieved by proper wound closure technique with appropriate material such as sutures or tissue adhesives. Aim:The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of lateral pedicle flap stabilized with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and resorbable sutures. Materials and Methods:Twenty-two patients with Miller's class I and class II gingival recession were randomly divided into two groups: lateral pedicle flap stabilized with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (test) and lateral pedicle flap stabilized with resorbable sutures (control). Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, recession depth and width, height and thickness of keratinized gingiva were evaluated at baseline and 1st and 3rd month postoperatively. The percentage of root coverage was evaluated at the end of 3rd month postoperatively. Statistical Analysis Used:Intergroup comparisons for the clinical attachment level, recession depth, recession width, thickness of keratinized gingiva, and height of keratinized gingiva were made by Mann-Whitney test by analyzing the difference of two time periods. Intragroup comparisons were made by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the difference between various time periods within the group for all the selected variables. Results:The mean plaque index and gingival index at the 1st and 3rd month were found to be statistically significant and did not present any significant influence over other clinical parameters evaluated. A partial root coverage was observed in both the groups (71.97% for the test group and 61.36% for the control group). Conclusions:Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is clinically effective in the stabilization of the lateral pedicle flap and can be used as an alternative to resorbable sutures.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has reached the early stages of a pandemic in India and is estimated to reach upto 440 million by 2030. It can be caused due to several genetic and environmental factors and has been linked with neuropathy and myocardial infarction. Its high prevalence in India calls for the need for finding the awareness of the disease and its complication in the country. Materials and methods: We created a questionnaire on an online setting, consisting of 11 questions and we sent the questionnaire to 100 people and this questionnaire covered a large variety of questions. Upon conducting the survey, we collected the data and was analysed through SPSS statistics software and descriptive analysis was used to create pie charts and comparative charts. Result: It was found that 84% of the respondents were aware of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus causes several complications, some of which are kidney complications which 28% of the respondents were aware of and a similar percentage were aware of eyes getting affected, 22% were aware of infections while the remaining 22% were not aware of the complications. Conclusion: It was found that while men have higher awareness about the symptoms, women had more awareness of the dangers of diabetes mellitus and in general there was awareness but it was not explicitly high. To achieve high levels of awareness concerted efforts must be made to spread awareness of these diseases and means of how it must be prevented.

Oral submucous fibrosis(OSMF) is a precancerous condition progessive disorder which is caused because of the tobacco products usage,consumption of spicy foods.It will cause rigidity of the tongue,lip and palate in the severe cases it will cause limited mouth opening.Parts which gets affected will be oral cavity,pharynx and upper third of esophagus.This study is done to assess risk factor oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in patients getting treated in saveetha dental college and hospitals.A retrospective study was conducted in dental hospitals in departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery,department of oral medicine.Patient data was collected from hospital records.In our study we found that use of tobacco smoking (31.2%),pan chewing(34.4%),Tobacco chewing(23.7%), and betel nut chewing(9.7%).Total sample size(n=93) 7 female patients ,86 male patients.Most affected age group will be (41-50 years old)-26.9%.Our study pan chewing and tobacco products among the 41-50 years old male population were significantly high in association with the risk factor of OSMF.

Nanotechnology has become one among the promising approaches for innovations which fulfil the human needs. Nanoparticles even have many applications in several fields like nanocomposites, medical imaging, nanobiocomposite filters, targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia of tumours. In which Selenium is an important micronutrient for living organisms. These nanoparticles are safe, eco friendly, inexpensive and nontoxic. Enterococcus faecalis is an emergent gram - positive opportunistic pathogen that is the causative agent of several nosocomial infections and surgical wound infections. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly necessary to find other alternative treatments than commonly utilized drugs. The purpose of this study is to assess the antibacterial activity of Capparis decidua fruit mediated selenium nanoparticles( cds-se Nps ) against Enterococcus faecalis. In this experimental study Se Nps were prepared by the reaction of 30mM sodium selenite solution and extracts of Capparis decidua. Antibacterial activity of SeNPs was assessed by using a disc diffusion method against Enterococcus faecalis. The SeNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometers. In the present study, the zone of inhibition shows 32mm, 35 mm, 37mm and 30 mm at concentration of 50 microliter, 100 microliter, 150 microliter and antibody respectively. The Capparis decidua fruit mediated SeNp showed a good antibacterial activity against the pathogen Enterococcus faecalis

Introduction: Leptin is a hormone-like protein, or some call it as an acute phase inflammatory protein, which recently has gained attention due to its role in regulating metabolism of the human body as well as affecting the body’s defense mechanisms, including macrophages. Materials and Methods: Patients visiting Saveetha Dental College from July to November 2020 were examined. Thirty patients (15 males and 15 females) were included in this study and subdivided into three groups. Group A has participants with healthy periodontium. Group B, periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Group C has periodontitis patients only. Results: Salivary leptin was observed to be the highest in periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus followed by patients with periodontitis only and minimal levels in periodontal health patients. Conclusion: The results indicate that salivary leptin levels are raised in the saliva of patients with periodontitis with diabetes mellitus than healthy controls and hence can be an important biomarker for periodontal therapeutic purposes.

Dental caries in the form of early childhood caries is more prevalent in children.Severe form of caries extending throughout the coronal structure in the root can result in tooth pain.Children presenting with class II caries have been exposed to caries involving the pulp.Early childhood caries is one of the most infectious diseases of childhood having a chronic progression rate resulting in the destruction of tooth structure.Permanent first molars are the first permanent teeth to erupt in the oral cavity at 6 years of age and have a higher rate of caries pattern than other teeth.This is associated with unusual dietary patterns and improper feeding patterns in children with prolonged use of baby bottles for milk feeding.Caries in children was mainly caused by the bacteria Streptococcus mutans.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries in permanent teeth in children with and without caries in primary teeth.A retrospective study was carried out using digital records of 875 subjects, irrespective of the gender.These data were collected from DIAS and coded in MS Excel sheets.The collected data was analysed by computer software SPSS version 21 using Chi square test and graphical illustration was done.From the above study, it was found that the high caries prevalence was seen in permanent teeth without caries in the primary teeth in males (52.33%) and predominantly in the 6-9 years age group.Therefore, it can be concluded that permanent molars in children are a source of caries than the primary teeth and awareness should be created on dental caries among school children and parents.

Aim: Periodontitis is an inflammatory, multifactorial disease which results in destruction of supporting tissue and bone thereby resulting in loosening of the tooth. Tooth loss is one of the major oral issues faced by elderly patients. Thus the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of tooth loss among periodontitis patients. Methodology: Data collection was conducted from June 2020 to March 2021 among 200 periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus based on the record management system software to analyse the most frequent missing tooth at the time of first visit. Frequency of maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior and mandibular posterior tooth loss was assessed in the study. Results: Among the frequency distribution the mandibular posterior tooth loss was the most common among periodontitis with diabetes patients. In case of anterior tooth loss the results were almost similar with 16% of maxillary anterior tooth loss and 17% in case of mandibular anterior tooth loss. Male subjects presented with more missing teeth in mandibular posterior tooth region when compared to females but not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present study results showed that there is no significant association between sex and maxillary anterior, mandibular anterior, maxillary posterior and mandibular posterior tooth loss (p>0.05). The present study showed that mandibular posterior tooth loss was most frequent among periodontitis with diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction: Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract, bacteria, fungi and enzymes are eco-friendly and cost effective which do need high pressure, energy, temperature and toxic chemicals for its synthesis protocol. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have various physical, chemical and biological properties which can be applied in the treatment of oral diseases. Aim: The main objective of the current study was to synthesize the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in a cost effective biological method. The extract of A. webbiana was used to synthesis Zinc oxide nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: In this report, we used the extract of A. webbiana to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles and were characterized using U-V visible spectrophotometer and were tested for their antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. Results: These biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and can be developed as a novel medicine against pathogenic oral diseases. Abies webbiana extract mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles showed effective antimicrobial activity comparable to others. Conclusion: With increasing demand in advancements in diagnosis and treatment modalities, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using A. webbiana which was found to have potent antimicrobial action has wider applications in dentistry. This formulation needs to be further purified to isolate the component in the extract that makes it effective to be used in large scale production for targeted drug delivery against a wide array of oral microbial infections.

Abnormal oral habit could alter a normal growth of oro-facial structure and alo related to malocclusion which is caused by various reasons such as unusual repetitive behaviours in oral cavity To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with deleterious oral habits in adults from 18-25 years old. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with deleterious oral habits in adults, from 1825years old in south Indian population. Case sheets of 158 patients were evaluated for adverse oral habits and malocclusion. The collected information from the case sheet of the patients was entered in Microsoft Excel 2012.Descriptive statistics were expressed by means of frequency and percentage and Chi-square test was used to find the association between Independent variables (Age and Gender) and Deleterious Oral Habits. Level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Total sample size n=158,out of which patients with biting habits-52.91%,Tongue thrusting25.58%,Mouth breathing-15.82%,Lip biting-8.86%,Thumb sucking-6.33%,biting and lip biting3.80%,Tongue thrusting and lip biting-3.80%,Thumb sucking biting, Thumb sucking and mouth breathing-0.63%. In conclusion, the majority of the study population had a biting habit and Angle’s class I malocclusion and also found that there was no relationship between Malocclusion and deleterious oral habits among the study subjects enrolled in the present study.

Aim: The aim of the study is to study the tooth loss pattern in patients with chronic periodontitis and hypertension. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Materials and Methods: The case sheet records (DIAS data) of tooth loss pattern in hypertensive patients with chronic periodontitis were extracted. A total of 1318 case sheets were analysed for the study. Age, gender and tooth loss pattern with respect to the region were collected and statistically analysed. Descriptive statistics (Percentage, Mean, Standard deviation) and Inferential test (Chi- square test) were performed to determine the association between age, gender and tooth loss pattern in patients with chronic periodontitis and hypertension. Results: The results showed that that females were affected more with tooth loss with hypertension with chronic periodontitis when compared to males. According to age, patients between 50 to 70 years with chronic periodontitis and hypertension were more affected by tooth loss (p value = 0.001 (p<0.05; Statistically significant)). Conclusion: The present study highlighted a possible relationship between hypertension and tooth loss due to chronic periodontitis. Loss of mandibular posterior teeth were more common and females were more prone to tooth loss than males with hypertension due to chronic periodontitis. However, the underlying mechanism has to be further investigated in a different study design, thus more conclusive findings would be elucidated.