ObjectiveThe vestibular system has been hypothesized to serve as a cognitive anchor for spatial processing, yet its functional contribution under conditions of high cognitive load remains unclear. This study investigated how vestibular function interacts with attentional processes, specifically attentional breadth, to support perceptual discrimination during a demanding Multirule Visual Monitoring Task.MethodsParticipants performed a visual discrimination task with varying time pressure and load. Vestibular function, attentional shifting, and attentional breadth were assessed. Binary logistic regression and ROC analyses evaluated these factors’ ability to distinguish between high- and low-performance groups.ResultsIn-sample classification analyses indicated that models incorporating both vestibular function and attentional breadth achieved higher classification performance in both simple (AUC = 0.961) and difficult (AUC = 0.945) task conditions than single-predictor model. Conversely, analysis of variance based on continuous performance scores revealed no significant interaction between vestibular function and attention. This divergence suggests that the joint contribution may be nonlinear or threshold-dependent, primarily captured through categorical classification rather than linear modulation of performance.ConclusionThe findings are consistent with theoretical accounts of vestibular-cognitive interactions and indicate a joint contribution of vestibular function and attentional breadth to perceptual performance. The divergence between categorical and continuous analyses suggests this contribution may be nonlinear or threshold-dependent. Future work employing cross-validation and direct tests of nonlinear models is needed to further elucidate this relationship.

In dynamic and complex flight environments, pilots must integrate multiple sources of information and make timely judgments about interacting operational factors. The approach and landing phase of an aircraft represents the stage with the highest frequency of flight accidents. When confronted with urgent events, individuals exhibit acute stress responses that may lead to deviations from rational judgment and increase risk-seeking tendencies, thereby threatening aviation safety. The study investigated the effects of acute stress and human-machine collaboration on landing decision-making, and the cognitive mechanism of rewards. A total of 75 participants took part in the experiment. Heart rate was recorded as an objective measure of physiological arousal, and subjective negative affect was assessed. Results showed that both heart rate and negative affect demonstrate significant interaction effects with time. In the single-decision, acute stress promoted risky landing decisions. Under financial incentive, this risk-taking tendency manifested as a bias toward reward pursuit at the expense of loss avoidance. Furthermore, a three-way interaction emerged among stress, collaboration mode, and incentive. Machine assistance significantly attenuated the impact of stress on risk-taking propensity. However, both acute stress and human-machine collaboration also increased the tendency toward automation complacency.

ObjectivesSpatial navigation is a critical skill in aviation. Traditional research focusing on isolated scores cannot reveal the interactive architecture of cognitive components. This study employed psychological network analysis to compare the self-reported spatial cognitive strategy structures of airline pilots and non-pilot controls.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 110 commercial airline pilots and 203 university students (non-pilot controls) completed self-report measures of spatial anxiety, wayfinding strategies, and sense of direction. Gaussian Graphical Models were used to estimate psychological networks for each group, followed by statistical comparison of their network structures.ResultsThe pilot group reported greater use of orientation strategies and higher self-rated navigation ability. The global network structure differed significantly between the two groups despite comparable overall connectivity. However, no individual edge or centrality index reached statistical significance after correction, suggesting a distributed rather than hub-driven reconfiguration. All findings were derived from self-report measures and reflect subjective strategy patterns rather than objective cognitive performance.ConclusionThe self-reported spatial strategy networks differed globally between the two groups, although no single edge or node drove the observed effect. These findings may reflect training effects, self-selection, or a combination of both, and the pronounced differences in sex and age distributions between the two groups may also have contributed to the observed network patterns. All inferences are limited to subjective strategy patterns rather than objective cognitive performance.

This meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of mental health interventions tailored for international students in China, with a specific focus on Uzbek students and Silk Road scholarship recipients. The comprehensive literature review synthesizes existing studies, papers, and reports, evaluating the outcomes, limitations, and cultural considerations of these programs. Data selection targets mental he lth programs for international students, honing in on a subset analysis related o Uzbek students and Silk Road scholarship recipients. The analysis encompasses diverse outcome measures, such as reported stress levels, utilization rates of mental health services, academic performance, and more. Results reveal a consistent and statistically significant reduction in reported stress levels, emphasizing the positive impact f these interventions. Utilization rates of mental health services witness a sign fi can increase, highlighting the accessibility and effectiveness of support. Retention rates show marked improvement, though academic performance yields mixed findings, pr mpting nuanced exploration. Psychological well-being, quality of life, and overall well-being exhibit substantial enhancements, aigning with the overarching goal of holistic student development. Positive outcomes are observed in increased help-seeking behavior, positive correlations with social support, and significant reductions in anxiety levels. Cultural adaptation and satisfaction with interventions both indicate positive outcomes, underscoring the effectiveness of culturally sensitive mental health support. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored mental health interventions for international students, providing novel insights into the specific needs of Uzbek students and Silk Road scholarship recipients. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted impact of mental health programs on diverse student populations, offering valuable implications for the design and refinement of future interventions. As educational institutions continue to globalize, addressing the mental health needs of international students remains pivotal for fostering inclusive and supportive learning environments.

This study aimed to explore the relationships between study variables that directly and indirectly affect students' beliefs and academic adaptation. A measurement tool model was used to assess participants' 'academic adjustment' (academic motivation, academic lifestyle, academic achievement), basic psychological needs factors (autonomy, competence, relatedness), beliefs about assessment factors (benefit for learning, fairness), classroom participation, and students' FLP anxiety. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to validate the questionnaires. The study sample consisted of 319 university students aged 17-35 years. The findings revealed significant associations among students' classroom participation, autonomy, foreign language anxiety, and relatedness. A significant indirect association with classroom participation through autonomy was also observed. Additionally, classroom participation showed significant correlations with foreign language anxiety, academic motivation, academic achievement, and perceived fairness. Academic achievement was significantly associated with academic lifestyle. Furthermore, classroom involvement was strongly associated with relatedness via foreign language classroom anxiety, and academic motivation was linked to academic lifestyle via academic performance. Academic achievement was linked to fairness via an academic lifestyle. According to the findings, the full mediation model considers all variables directly and indirectly, providing a validated model to guide higher education leaders and staff in developing programs that foster positive associations among the variables. Based on the main findings, limitations and recommendations were provided.

Depression and anxiety are pervasive mental health issues, affecting millions globally and often accompanied by cognitive impairments with significant repercussions in daily life and professions, particularly in safety-critical roles like community-living pilots. This exploration assesses Neurocognitive Remediation Therapy (NRT) as an innovative solution for addressing cognitive deficits linked to depression and anxiety in these pilots. Theoretical underpinnings of NRT draw from cognitive rehabilitation, neuropsychology, and neuroplasticity principles. Depression and anxiety often manifest as cognitive deficits, impacting attention, memory, executive functions, and decision-making. NRT interventions aim to address these impairments by enhancing cognitive flexibility, attentional control, and memory through training exercises and cognitive restructuring, empowering individuals to regain cognitive functionality and adaptability. Empirical evidence supports NRT's efficacy in enhancing cognitive functioning, showing significant improvements in attention, memory, and executive functions. This review focuses on NRT's potential to improve cognition in community pilots, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing cognitive deficits and enhancing job performance, even in high-pressure environments like aviation. The practical implications of NRT for pilots are profound. Tailored programs can address specific cognitive challenges, such as maintaining vigilance and decision-making under stress. Integrating NRT into training regimens enhances skill sets and mental resilience, contributing to safety and success. Additionally, NRT positively impacts emotional well-being, reducing stress and improving overall quality of life. In Conclusion, NRT emerges as a promising intervention for enhancing cognitive functioning in community-living pilots with depression and anxiety. Evidence suggests its potential to improve performance, job satisfaction, and overall well-being. Further research and implementation are crucial to fully realize its benefits and ensure pilots' safety and success.

The black hole illusion (BHI) is a subtype of spatial disorientation that can result in fatal consequences in aviation. Research on the BHI has generally focused on altitude deviation, and few studies have examined the effect across different flight phases. In a simulation-based experiment, 18 participants performed 12 simulated approach and landing tasks in normal and BHI environments. Flight performance was analyzed with 14 flight parameters and was compared across five points and three phases, which were referenced from a National Transportation Safety Board report and other previous studies. Results showed that multiple flight parameters were significantly impaired and that their influences varied from the initial approach to the final touchdown. In the BHI environment, participants tended to descend aggressively during the approach phase and flew a lower but similar glidepath during the last approach phase. They might have realized the abnormal situation induced by the BHI but usually were unable to recover from the dangerous maneuver in time. Additionally, the result of glide path error, one of the most commonly used variables in previous BHI research, was only significant during the last approach phase. Flight stability was also impaired in the BHI environment. This is the first study to systematically analyze the BHI effects on multiple flight parameters at different flight phases. The use of this experimental paradigm could facilitate future research to evaluate and prevent the BHI in a more comprehensive way.

为了探究奖赏预期对选择性注意的影响,结合金钱激励延迟任务和双矩形范式,通过两个实验考察了奖赏预期的有无和高低对选择性注意的影响.实验结果表明,有奖赏预期时,选择性注意更快,奖赏预期的有无对基于空间的注意影响区别不大,但奖赏预期几乎消除了基于客体的注意;高奖赏预期条件消除了基于客体的注意.这表明奖赏预期可以影响选择性注意,并对基于空间和客体的注意产生不同影响.

The black hole illusion (BHI) refers to when a pilot misperceives the physical relation between the runway and plane, and therefore makes an incorrect flight adjustment during landing. Although this illusion has been reported for many years, cognitive psychologists and ergonomists have tended to neglect it. This paper reviews the current state of BHI-related research and potential contributing factors. We conclude that the relatively short and less comprehensive research history has resulted in a lack of consensus definition of the BHI. Moreover, the prior studies potentially misled theoretical research and practical applications. Further, we discuss possible coping mechanisms that address perception, attention, and flying strategy. We propose that unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based BHI research is a promising path to reduce the current neglect of research on the topic.

本研究分别在无时间压力和有时间压力的条件下,通过两个实验探究了图标语义距离、目标数量以及目标类型对雷达界面信息工作记忆的影响.结果发现无时间压力下图标语义距离在工作记忆的编码提取上没有差异,而有时间压力下,强语义图标相较于弱语义图标在工作记忆的提取上具有优势;且无论是在无时间压力下还是有时间压力下,工作记忆容量最佳为3个目标项;对敌机的提取时长于友机长于不明飞行物.结果表明仅在有时间压力下强语义图标在信息提取上具有优势,验证了工作记忆容量的限制,为雷达界面的设计提供了参考意见.

为了探究视觉负后像对视觉搜索效率是否会通过颜色这—特征产生干扰,结合Van Lier后像和视觉搜索范式,通过两个实验考察了负后像对视觉搜索效率的干扰效应,并对负后像填充区域和原始发生区域进行了对比.实验结果表明,在有负后像的情况下,视觉搜索效率明显降低,但是不同颜色之间的差异并不显著;而负后像填充区域的干扰效应要弱于原始发生区域.研究结论对于进一步提高视觉搜索效率的颜色设计以及视觉负后像的新研究方法具有重要的参考意义.

The purpose of this study is to construct a structural equation model of shared bicycle added psychological factors proceeding from the theory of planned behavior. Specific measurement variables corresponding to psychological factors in the model are determined, meanwhile, the methods of solving the model and parameter test standard are put forward. Finally, the model is applied to case studies, which has the analysis of some provinces from China, a total of 300 valid questionnaires. The results show that the model can predict effectively behavioral intention and actual behavior, which is a new perspective of multidisciplinary crossover study.

This study introduces a target recognition algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images based on the features extracted by bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD). BEMD provides an adaptive and empirical way to process signals, which generates bidimensional intrinsic mode functions (BIMFs) to describe the details of SAR images. Therefore, the generated BIMFs are complementary to the original image and their joint use could probably improve the recognition performance. In order to fully exploit the discrimination of these components, the joint sparse representation (JSR) is employed during the classification. JSR operates as multi-task learning algorithm, which represents each component numerically while considering their inner correlations. The original image together with the generated BIMFs are simultaneously represented by JSR to determine the target label according to the output reconstruction errors. Experimental results on the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) data set demonstrate the validity of the proposed method under different operating conditions. In comparison with some baseline algorithms, the superiority of the proposed method is furtherly validated.

本文以西成地区小学阶段的93名流动儿童为研究对象,通过焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、儿童孤独量表、社会支持量表等方面调查和数据分析,探讨了流动儿童心理健康状况及对其人际关系发展的影响.依据调查结果,提出了对策建议:社会、学校、家长应关注流动儿童的心理健康;应由专业的老师对流动儿童进行心理辅导;家长应引导流动儿童积极参加多种社会活动.

从大学生网络自我表露动机主题入手,以先前文献研究和已有相关量表、问卷为基础,结合访谈与结构化问卷调查获得资料,编制大学生QQ空间网络自我表露动机量表. 对110名大学生进行了施测,并对测试数据进行探索性因素分析和信度、效度、区分度分析.探索性因素分析的结果表明,大学生QQ空间网络自我表露动机主要体现在社会认同、人际效用、信息分享5个方面;编制量表的信度、效度均达到心理测量学上的要求,因此可以作为今后测量大学生QQ空间网络自我表露动机状况的工具.

This paper proposes an automatic target recognition (ATR) method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images based on information-decoupled representation. A typical SAR image of a ground target can be divided into three parts: target region, shadow and background. From the aspect of SAR target recognition, the target region and shadow contain discriminative information. However, they also include some confusing information because of the similarities of different targets. The background mainly contains redundant information, which has little contribution to the target recognition. Because the target segmentation may impair the discriminative information in the target region, the relatively simpler shadow segmentation is performed to separate the shadow region for information decoupling. Then, the information-decoupled representations are generated, i.e., the target image, shadow and original image. The background is retained in the target image, which represents the coupling of target backscattering and background. The original image and generated target image are classified using the sparse representation-based classification (SRC). Then, their classification results are combined by a score-level fusion for target recognition. The shadow image is not used because of its lower discriminability and possible segmentation errors. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) dataset under both standard operating condition (SOC) and various extended operating conditions (EOCs). The proposed method can correctly classify 10 classes of targets with the percentage of correct classification (PCC) of 94.88% under SOC. With the PCCs of 93.15% and 75.03% under configuration variance and 45° depression angle, respectively, the superiority of the proposed is demonstrated in comparison with other methods. The robustness of the proposed method to both uniform and nonuniform shadow segmentation errors is validated with the PCCs over 93%. Moreover, with the maximum average precision of 0.9580, the proposed method is more effective than the reference methods on outlier rejection.

情境意识日渐成为工程心理学领域的热点研究问题,其自身的研究理论、研究技术以及研究方法也变得越来越丰富和成熟.文章通过对比工程心理学观点中分布式情境意识理论和经典情境意识信息加工三水平理论之间的差异,通过介绍经典情境意识测量技术和新兴情境意识测量技术以及最后通过对于当前情境意识研究的应用及展望进行讨论,从而对工程心理学领域情境意识研究的现状和发展趋势进行了评述.

: Currently, automation systems have been widely applied in airlines. However, the introduction of complex automation systems has already triggered new error models, which make the human factors related aviation safety issues prominent. Affected by many factors, users can’t always achieve the adjusted level of trust, when they interact with automation systems. There are various safety incidents in aviation, which induced by unadjusted automation trust and dependence. But, it should be noted that the display design and training of human-centered automation can turn the unadjusted automation trust and dependence to the adjusted state.

Recently, the H2AFZ gene was reported in relation to schizophrenia in Japanese males. A two-stage case-control study was designed to investigate the association of the H2AFZ gene with schizophrenia and its relationship with cognitive function in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. This study included a testing set with 1115 patients and 2289 controls and a validation set with 1843 patients and 3155 controls. A total of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the H2AFZ gene were genotyped, and both independent data sets were analyzed in association with SNP and gender. The rs2276939 SNP was found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia, particularly in males. A similar pattern was observed in our two-stage study on conducting further imputation and haplotype association analyses. In addition, two of the SNPs (rs61203457 and rs2276939) and cognitive functioning were found to interact significantly when processing the perseverative error in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Our findings suggest that the H2AFZ gene may confer a risk for schizophrenia and contribute to the impairment of executive function in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. These findings augment our current state of knowledge regarding the risk of schizophrenia and the impairment of cognitive performance in patients with this disorder.