Adherence to hand hygiene procedures is crucial for all populations, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented specific guidelines for infection control. Frequent and correct hand hygiene can prevent infections, but non-compliance with hand hygiene is pervasive. Nursing students address this issue from the beginning of their training. In nursing training, self-efficacy is crucial in enhancing students’ competence, motivation, and clinical performance. We performed a cross-sectional multicenter study in five European countries, with a cross-sectional design with an online application of an instrument measuring hand hygiene knowledge based on WHO guidelines and general self-efficacy and specific self-efficacy for infection control. A total of 638 first-year nursing students participated in this study. The mean percentage of correct answers was 67.9%, with a considerable difference depending on the items. The worst results were obtained for questions related to sources of infection and types of hand hygiene methods in different situations. Finnish students displayed significantly (p < 0.001) higher scores in HH knowledge, whereas Estonian students had significantly (p < 0.001) higher levels of self-efficacy. There were significant correlations between the hand hygiene knowledge score and the self-efficacy score (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis by linear regression analysis showed significant associations between the hand hygiene knowledge survey score and the students’ age (p < 0.001, OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.10), as well as their country of origin (p = 0.01, OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.34). HH knowledge is quite low among nursing students, and is correlated with self-efficacy, although the strongest predictors are age and country of origin. Different nursing curricula must favor HH knowledge, with varying degrees of emphasis depending on the country.

Background/Aim: The number of convictions related to crimes against road safety continues to increase, with more than half being caused by driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol or drugs. In Spain, offenders for crimes against road safety have been widely sentenced to community service orders. Additionally, the penitentiary institution has implemented two intervention programmes, TASEVAL (awareness and re-education) and PROSEVAL (re-education and psychotherapeutic). A field study was designed to estimate the effectiveness of the TASEVAL and PROSEVAL intervention programmes in the reduction of the recidivism rate and drug and alcohol use. Method: A total of 57,532 offenders for crimes against road safety (37,556 sentenced to a community service order of up to 60 days’ duration and 19,976 to a community service order of up to 60 days’ duration and the TASEVAL intervention programme) were followed up in relation to recidivism. And a total of 5,765 (5,117 sentenced to a community service order of over 60 days’ duration and 648 to a community service order of over 60 days’ duration and the PROSEVAL intervention programme) were also followed up in relation to recidivism. 29 attendees on the TASEVAL intervention programme and 32 attendees on the PROSEVAL intervention programme were assessed pre- and post-intervention in unhealthy alcohol use and problematic drug use. Results: The results showed a significant association between the participation in the TASEVAL and PROSEVAL intervention programmes and non-recidivism. Succinctly, compared to community service orders, participation in these programmes increases the non-recidivist rate for the TASEVAL and PROSEVAL intervention programmes by 14.6% and 58.4% respectively. Regarding substance and alcohol use, the TASEVAL programme showed a significant reduction in alcohol and drug use after the implementation of the programme. However, the PROSEVAL programme did not reveal a significant effect on alcohol and drug use (no therapeutic effect). Conclusions: The present study supports the effectiveness of specific intervention programmes for road traffic offenders in the reduction of recidivism. Additionally, these intervention programmes (though not all of them) may have a mitigating effect on the alcohol and drug use mediators of recidivism.

Background Despite being neglected for several decades, and in many countries, public transport environments have transformed into a reflection of social disparities and inequalities. Among these issues, harassment-a pervasive and worldwide gendered dynamic-has been demonstrated to negatively impact women's behavioral trends, daily opportunities, and health impacts, as well as safety and security outcomes. Aim This systematic review aimed to examine a set of studies analyzing harassment against women in public transport environments, with a focus on key issues such as its prevalence, impact on transport dynamics, preventive strategies, and policing avenues documented in the scientific literature. Method A total of 575 indexed articles were filtered using the PRISMA methodology, resulting in a final selection of 28 original articles directly addressing the issue up to December 2023. Search strategies were developed and implemented across WOS, Scopus, NCBI, Google Scholar, and APA databases. Results Besides high frequency, widespread underreporting, and adverse effects on women's safety, this review has identified correlations between harassment and travel behavioral adaptations. Furthermore, it reveals a noticeable disparity between the existing measures and those perceived as more effective by potential victims. These findings underscore the pressing need to listen to and promote the inclusion of women in decision-making regarding transport affairs. Conclusion The findings of this systematic review suggest that, despite a slightly limited body of research, the impact of transport harassment on women's health and welfare is consistently supported in the literature. In addition to being largely explained by existing inequalities rooted in social determinants, transit harassment further exacerbates gender gaps, gaining prospective importance for transport settings.

Thanks to several previous efforts, school peer-to-peer bullying is nowadays considered a major issue for educational dynamics, research, and policy. Specifically in the field of research, bullying assessment tools have been gaining ground in recent years. Among them, the School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) stands out. This is a teenager-targeted scale assessing bullying dynamics from a three-factor approach (i.e., victimization, symptomatology, and intimidation). However, to date, no previous study using similar tools has followed a gender perspective, and this shortcoming may hinder the effectiveness of policies and actions to face school bullying. The core aim of this study was to examine the effect of gender on teenagers' bullying-related factors and intimidation outcomes. This cross-sectional study analyzed the data provided by a gender-weighted sample of 770 Spanish teenagers with a mean age of M = 14.25 (SD = 1.53) years. They responded to a questionnaire that included the CIE-A together with other variables theoretically related to bullying dynamics, such as risk perception, sensation seeking, life satisfaction, and family conflict. Apart from typical inter-group comparisons, data were analyzed through a multi-group structural equation modeling (MGSEM) approach. Regarding bullying experiences, male teenagers have shown greater involvement in both victimization (passive bullying) and intimidation (active harassment) behaviors. On the other hand, females self-reported greater symptomatology in passive bullying scenarios, despite being less frequently involved in them. Further, the MGSEM showed good fit values (RMSEA <.08; all incremental coefficients >0.90) and theoretical plausibility, also depicting a set of structural mechanisms differentially explaining active peer-to-peer intimidation behaviors across genders. For instance, while risk perception is a significant predictor of intimidation only among females, sensation seeking plays a predictive role among male teenagers, but not for their female counterparts. The results of this study suggest that teenagers' engagement in active bullying may be substantially different when approached from a gender perspective, finding key divergences in the variables that predict bullying-related behavioral outcomes. The outcomes of this research highlight the need to take into account gender differences, as well as extracurricular issues that influence intimidation dynamics, in potential bullying-related interventions.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the knowledge in palliative care and the attitudes toward caring for the dying of nurses who carry out their professional activity in primary care in Spain.DESIGN:A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out among Spanish primary care centers.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 244 nurses who had completed their primary care work and agreed to participate in this study were included.MAIN MEASUREMENTS:The level of knowledge in palliative care was analyzed using the PCQN-SV scale, and attitudes toward care of the dying were measured with the FATCOD-S scale, both of which are instruments that are validated in Spain.RESULTS:Regarding the level of knowledge in palliative care, at a global level, the results revealed that 60% of the answers in the PCQN-SV were correct, with different results for each of the three subscales that compose it. When analyzing the attitudes of primary care nurses toward the care of the dying, an average of 132.21 out of 150 was obtained, representing a positive attitude. On the other hand, when analyzing these results in terms of knowledge and attitudes according to the population's characteristics, we see that participants with both experience and training in palliative care present a better level of knowledge and a higher score regarding their attitudes toward care of the dying. However, the differences are only significant regarding the level of knowledge in palliative care. When analyzing the data from the two scales together, it is noteworthy that the participants with the most positive attitudes (highest scores on the FATCOD-S) also have the highest percentages of correct answers on the PCQN-SV.

Background: Effective advocacy on self-care and the enhancement of a sense of coherence among nurses don't only benefit control over one's health and personal performance, but it may have a direct impact on clinical care and on the entire healing system. In this regard, nursing curricula grounded on a salutogenic model of health (SMH) operate with strategies to engage students in self-care and contribute to improving their mental health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between self-care agency and a sense of coherence as dependent variables and the age and self-reported academic performance as independent variables in nursing assistant students. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from a full sample of 921 Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Spanish students. A self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic variables, the 'appraisal of self-care agency' (ASA), and the 'sense of coherence' (SOC) constructs, was administered. Results: Older participants presented significantly stronger values of both constructs. Apart from a significant and positive correlation between ASAS and SOC, ANOVA analyses indicate significant differences in terms of academic performance according to different ASAS and SOC degrees. Conclusions: The findings of this study endorse the assumption that there is a consistent relationship between ASA and SOC constructs that might, indeed, have a potential effect on students' academic performance. In practical terms, it seems relevant to try to recognise the students' self-care agency and the sense of coherence as forceful predictive variables of mental health and wellbeing, in addition to academic success as a strength implied in the future career achievement.

The core implication of nursing professionals’ labor is promoting self-care and foster well-being among healthcare service users. The beginning of the healing process starts with the provider, and self-care habits are needed to positively impact on patients’ care outcomes at different spheres. Overall, current literature supports the idea that nurses’ personal self-care should be a necessary skill to be expected in their professional role. In this regard, the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASAS) is a worldwide known instrument aimed at assessing the ability to engage in self-care. However, it has never been tested in the Spanish context before, and much less in nursing practitioners or apprentices. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the ASAS for Spanish nursing apprentices, assessing its dimensionality, psychometric properties and convergent validity by means of the Sense of Coherence (SOC-13) questionnaire. Methods: Data were collected from a random sample of 921 Certificated Nursing Assistant (CNA) Spanish students and was analyzed trough confirmatory factor analyses via structural equation models. The core ASAS construct and its subscales were correlated with the SOC-13 scores. Results: Fair psychometric properties for the questionnaire were set. Also, SEM models endorse the validity and reliability of the four-factor dimensionality of the Spanish adaptation of the ASAS, whose associations to SOC scores were coherent and significant. Conclusion: This study allowed to establish that the Spanish version of the ASAS might be a useful tool for addressing self-care-related issues among nursing apprentices, a key population for promoting both their own and patients’ health and welfare through healthy and care-related behaviors.

Besides its several threats to health, welfare, social and academic development and performance of kids and teenagers, school bullying remains highlighted as one of the most relevant related challenges for educational, behavioral and legal sciences worldwide. Moreover, the lack of research on the field and the crucial but unattended need to count on psychometrically suitable and valid tools to detect school bullying make difficult understanding its contexts, dynamics and possible solutions. Objective The aim of this study was to thoroughly present in detail the psychometric properties and validity issues of the School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) among secondary students. Methods A regionwide sample of 810 (47.2% girls) secondary students attending to 21 schools across the Valencian Community (Spain), aged M = 14.40 (SD = 1.61) years, responded to a paper-based questionnaire containing the 36-item version of the CIE-A and various scales related to psychosocial health and wellbeing, used as criterion variables. Results The outcomes of this study suggest that the CIE-A has a clear factor structure, an optimal set of item loadings and goodness-of-fit indexes. Further, that CIE-A has shown good internal consistency and reliability indexes, coherent associations with other mental health and academic performance variables, and the possibility to assess gender differences on bullying-related factors among secondary students. Conclusion The CIE-A may represent a suitable tool for assessing bullying in a three-factorial approach (i.e., victimization, symptomatology, and intimidation), offering optimal psychometric properties, validity and reliability insights, and the potentiality of being applied in the school environment. Actions aimed at improving the school coexistence and the well-being of secondary students, targeting potential bullied/bully profiles or seeking to assess demographic and psychosocial correlates of bullying among teenagers, might get benefited from this questionnaire.

Objective: Poor sleep is one of the greatest health problems with social significance whose prevalence started early in adolescence. The relationship between poor sleep quality and the use of alcohol and illicit substances among university students has not been studied. Our study aimed to determine these relationships and the factors influencing the risk of poor sleep in students from health sciences degrees which are the future healthcare providers. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study performed in European university students (n = 676). Sleep quality was assessed by measuring insomnia symptoms with the Athens insomnia scale (AIS). The CRAFFT screening test and AUDIT test were used to measure the use of substances of abuse. Results: Insomnia symptoms were highly prevalent (40.2%) and more common among the youngest students (p = 0.012), who had been studying at the university for less time (p = 0.018), and had high levels of illicit drug use (p = 0.037). Good sleep quality represented a significant protective factor for problematic drug use, with an OR of 0.8 (CI95%: 0.76-0.99). In contrast, the category "not having a job" represents risk 1.2 times higher (C195%: 1.025-1.557) for problematic drug use. The CRAFFT score significantly predicted higher insomnia symptoms (AIS >= 6), yielding an OR of 1.2 (C195%:1.10-1.32, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality is common in university students. There is an inverse association between higher insomnia symptoms and illicit drug abuse being a good sleep qualitya protective factor against problematic use of illicit drugs. Several personal and social consequences of illicit drug use are related to poor sleep in this population and it deserves future studies and interventions in order to improve both problems.

People's health assets (HA) mapping process and design dynamization strategies for it are paramount issues for health promotion. These strategies improve the health heritage of individuals and communities as both the salutogenic model of health (SMH) and health assets model (HAM) defend. Connecting and mobilizing HA and strengthens the 'sense of coherence' (SOC) are both related to enhancing stress active and effective coping strategies. This study aims to describe the HA present in a population of certified nursing assistant students (n = 921) in Spain and then to explore their relationships with the SOC, the motivation to choose healthcare studies and their academic performance. A great variety of HA were identified and mapped. Findings showed that individuals with greater motivation towards self-care and 'caring for others' as internal HA, possessed higher SOC levels and a strong vocation for healthcare work. Differences in HA were identified according to gender, age and employment situation. Consistent connections between the care-relation factor and vocational factor with interpersonal and extrapersonal HA were reported. Evidence and results substantiated the salutogenic and asset-based approach as a proper strategy to strengthen SOC, dynamize their HA map, reinforce the sense of calling and enable Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA) students to buffer against caregiving-related stress and thrive in their profession.

Background: Drug abuse in university students is an emerging social and health issue. The present study assesses alcohol and abuse of other illicit drugs and the adverse consequences related to such use and its relationship with self-care agency among European university students. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed among 592 European students from different health science degrees. The screening of alcohol abuse was evaluated with the Alcohol Use Disorder Test (AUDIT), and the screening for substance-related risks and problems was conducted with the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) screening test. We analyzed the relationship of substance abuse with self-care agency, assessed by the Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale (ASA). Results: 51.4% of the surveyed students reported alcohol intake, 16.6% of the students consumed both alcohol and cannabis, 1.6 % reported alcohol and other illicit drugs, and 3.7% consumed alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs (73.3% of students reported alcohol intake alone or together with cannabis/hashish and/or other illicit drugs). The self-care agency scores were significantly different among groups in relation to certain sociodemographic factors such as gender (p = 0.008) and country of residence (p = 0.031). The self-care agency scores significantly correlated (p = 0.001) with the personal motivations and consequences related to the consumption of drugs of abuse evaluated by the CRAFFT screening tool. Within the ASA domains, the most significant effects were observed regarding the subdomains of resources, awareness, and health behaviors. Conclusions: Self-care agency should be promoted to counteract the health and social consequences of the consumption of drugs of abuse among university students who will be future health care professionals.

Background: The sense of coherence (SOC) of the salutogenic health model explains why people in stressful situations are able to maintain or even improve their health. There are some studies on which measures are more effective to reduce stress in Nursing assistant students. There are no studies that link SOC with the two key aspects in the prevention of stress in Nursing assistant students: the motivation of pursuing this profession and the academic level. Objectives To explore the salutogenic paradigm among Nursing assistant students in a region of Spain (Comunitat Valenciana). Design: Cross-sectional, analytical and exploratory study carried out in 2016. Methods: Students of the first year of Nursing Assistant certification. Self-administered questionnaire to collect the variables: Sense of Coherence (SOC-13 instrument); professional vocation; Self-reported grades of the academic record. Results: The mean score for the total SOC measurement was M = 56.38 (SD = 12.236; 71). Regarding the SOC components, the average score was for Manageability M = 16.45 (SD = 4.53; 24); Comprehensibility M = 19.27 (SD = 5.642; 30) and Meaningfulness M = 20.65 (SD = 4.48; 23). Students who lived in rural environments presented a weaker SOC (M = 54.05), compared to those who were located in urban environments (M = 56.83) and large cities (M = 56.15). The students who reported a choice of studies motivated by professional vocation presented a stronger SOC, scoring also a remarkable academic performance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Strong levels of SOC in Nursing assistant students, are related to a greater motivation to study something desirable, and to obtaining high academic performance, despite being a demanding and high-stress profession. Therefore, a strong SOC seems to contribute to being more resistant to stress. The environments that provide and facilitate greater external resources such as health, education, culture, association, leisure and recreation, for the community, have higher global levels of sense of coherence.

BACKGROUND:Road Safety Education (RSE) is widely known as a reliable determinant of the future results for what concerns health and welfare and as an undisputable factor which contributes to the social behavior of individuals and to their mid- and long-term road safety outcomes. However, its development has been relatively scarce in most countries, a fact which has contributed to letting matters as delicate as traffic crashes, largely explained by road misbehaviors, continue to be a prevalent problem, thus affecting the health of the community.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between demographic and RSE-related variables and the self-reported road risky behavior of Spanish students.METHODS:For this cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 4062 (51.5% males and 48.5% females) participants attending primary (47.5%), secondary (40.7%), and high school (11.7%) was gathered through a national survey on RSE and road behaviors.RESULTS:A set of significant associations between demographic factors, RSE variables, and self-reported road behaviors was found. Furthermore, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) allowed us to establish that age and observed misbehaviors (positively), and attitudes towards road safety and risk perception (negatively), have a direct link with the road risky behavior of children and young people. The knowledge of traffic rules was not a significant predictor of road behavior.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study show that, together with demographic factors such as age, RSE-related variables have an effect on the road behavior of children and young people. They also suggest the need for strengthening actions to be implemented in road safety (Road Safety Education) at scholar and community levels.

Work-related stress and addictive behaviors have been described by several empirical studies as potential impairers for the health, welfare, and safety of workers. With this study, we aimed at describing the relationship between two work stress (Job Strain and Effort-Reward Imbalance) and tobacco consumption indicators among city bus drivers, and their association with traffic incidents registered by drivers along the last 2 years. For this cross-sectional study, the sample included 222 Colombian city bus drivers with a mean age of 41.4 years and driving experience of 18.63 years. A four-section questionnaire was used, and it was composed of individual (professional/demographic) information, Job Strain, Effort-Reward Imbalance, and self-rated health and lifestyle indicators, including the habit of consuming tobacco. Results showed that 21% of city bus drivers are smokers, and that four out of 10 drivers present job strain. Furthermore, significant associations relating smoking and job strain, and between smoking and traffic incidents were found. Finally, through a two-step cluster analysis, two patterns on work-related stress and tobacco consumption were identified for the drivers, finding significant differences in the traffic incident rates registered by each group/cluster of city bus drivers. The development of empirical-based interventions in psychosocial factors and potential sources of stress at work, and the enhancement of healthy lifestyles, including the prevention and treatment of addictive behaviors such as, smoking, are discussed as a way to strengthen the prevention of traffic incidents and the promotion of health among workers in the public transport.

espanolLa atencion en cuidados paliativos es fundamental para enfermeria, que necesita de conocimientos especificos, que deben adquirirse en la formacion universitaria. El Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN), cuestionario utilizado en otros trabajos, permite determinar el nivel de conocimientos en cuidados paliativos de enfermeria. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel conocimientos en cuidados paliativos del alumnado de enfermeria de nuestra facultad, sirviendo este trabajo como estudio piloto para validacion estadistica de la version espanola del PCQN. Metodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo; se recogieron datos en junio de 2015, con un cuestionario elaborado con Google form distribuido mediante correo electronico. Se realizo analisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas, y test no parametricos de comparacion de medias. Resultados: Participaron 119 estudiantes, 23 hombres y 96 mujeres, con una edad media de 25,38 anos; 21% realizaron practicas en unidades de cuidados paliativos y 12,6% recibieron formacion adicional. Los resultados muestran un porcentaje medio de aciertos del 42,10%. Se encontraron unicamente diferencias significativas en funcion del sexo en el porcentaje de errores, pero no por el hecho de realizar practicas en unidades de cuidados paliativos ni por recibir formacion complementaria. Discusion: Estudios realizados en Canada y EEUU utilizando la version original del PCQN muestran porcentajes de aciertos superiores. Se han referido dificultades de comprension en algunos items, lo que nos hara modificar su redaccion para posteriores usos. Conclusiones: El alumnado de nuestra facultad ha mostrado tener un conocimiento insuficiente sobre aspectos basicos de los cuidados paliativos, por lo que necesitariamos revisar la formacion que se les ofrece. EnglishPalliative care is fundamental to nurses; we need specific knowledge, which must be acquired during their university education. Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN), used in other studies, allows us to determine nurses’ level of knowledge in the field of palliative care. Objectives: Determine the level of knowledge about palliative care in nursing students at our college, serving this study as a pilot study for the validation of the Spanish version of PCQN in this population. Material and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study; data were collected in June 2015, with a form created with Google form technology and distributed by e-mail. Descriptive analysis and nonparametric comparison of means tests were performed to data-analysis. Results: 119 students, 23 men and 96 women, with an average age of 25,38 years, participated in the study. 21% of them developed stages in palliative care units and 12,6% received additional training in the field of palliative care. The results show an average 42,10% of correct answers. Only significant differences were found in the percentage of wrong answers when analyzing results according to their sex, but not significant differences were found when analyzing by the fact of performing practices in palliative care units or receiving additional training. Discussion: Studies developed in Canada and the US using the original version of the PCQN show higher percentages of correct answers Difficulties of understanding in some items have been reported, which will make us change the wording for future usages of the questionnaire. Conclusions: Students of our College have shown to have inadequate knowledge about basic aspects of palliative care, so we would need to review the knowledges related to palliative care that they receive.

espanolLa posesion de un Sentido de Coherencia fue descrita por Antonovsky como la posibilidad personal de construccion de experiencias coherentes en la vida; para su evaluacion se utiliza el cuestionario SOC. Mediante la escala de Valoracion de la Agencia de Autocuidados (ASA) conocemos la potencialidad de una persona para realizar operaciones de autocuidados. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la relacion entre el SOC y potencialidad de autocuidado en estudiantes de CFGM en Cuidados Auxiliares de Enfermeria del CIPFP La Costera-Xativa, Valencia. La metodologia utilizada es observacional, descriptiva y transversal. Se recogieron datos sobre variables sociodemograficas y se valoro el SOC y la ASA. Posteriormente, se realizo analisis descriptivo de los datos mediante medidas de tendencia central o distribucion de frecuencias y se analizaron correlaciones entre variables y diferencias de medias mediante pruebas no parametricas. En el analisis de los resultados encontramos que la mayoria de los sujetos indica tener un umbral de renta bajo o medio-bajo; puntuan en las escalas ASA: 96,95±8,56 y en la SOC: 57,64±8,07 presentando niveles optimos de SOC y niveles de autocuidado suficientes. Se encontro relacion estadisticamente significativa entre nivel de renta y las puntuaciones globales de ambas escalas, de lo que concluimos que estudiantes con niveles de SOC mas elevados obtienen tambien resultados mas elevados en potencialidad de autocuidado. Ambas escalas estan relacionadas con factores no modificables (edad y sexo) como modificables (situacion laboral y nivel de renta). EnglishThe Sense of Coherence attribute was described by Antonovsky as the personal ability to build up coherent experiences in life; SOC questionnaire is used in its evaluation. By rating Appraisal of self-care Agency Scale (ASA) is possible to know the potential of a person to perform selfcare operations. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between SOC and self-care levels in Nursingassistant Vocational Training students at CIPFP La Costera-Xativa, Valencia. Methods used were observational, descriptive and transversal. Social and demographic data were collected; likewise SOC and ASA were assessed. Subsequently, descriptive data analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and frequency distribution and correlations between variables and mean differences were analyzed by nonparametric tests. Analyzing the results, we found that most population has a low or medium-low income threshold; ASA score result is: 96.95 ± 8.56 and SOC score result is: 57.64 ± 8.07 SOC, both presenting optimal levels. Statistically significant relationship between income level and overall scores of both scales was found; therefore, we concluded that students with higher levels of SOC also obtain higher results in potential self-care. Both scales are related to non-modifiable factors (age and sex) as modifiable (employment status, income level).