To integrate the art of visual illusions into fabric weave design, a fabric weave model based on a parametric design for visual illusion effect generation was constructed, and a parameter interaction interface was developed using Python3.12 and PySide6 to realize the intelligent generation of a visual illusion fabric weave by adjusting the core parameters of the propagation gradient, gradient of the number of skipped numbers, and number of flips. Experiments show that five different high-visual-illusion fabric weaves can be designed when the oscillation trends of the propagation gradient and the skipped number gradient are the same or different: incremental gradient, oscillatory gradient, incremental followed by oscillatory, oscillatory followed by incremental, and skipped number phase difference gradients. To assess the degree of geometric distortion of fabric weave diagrams, edge detection and the Hough transform were used to calculate the standard deviation of straight-line angles in the weave diagrams to represent the coefficient of visual distortion of fabric weave diagrams. It was found that the average visual distortion coefficient of the aforementioned five types of high-visual-illusion fabric structures was 27.97, with a variance of 51.30. This suggests that different parameters lead to varying effects in the visual illusion fabric structures obtained. The proposed model opens new avenues for the digital design of textile fabrics.

Smart textiles with self-adaptive thermal-moisture regulation capabilities represent a pivotal advancement in personal thermal management. This study develops a temperature-responsive cotton fabric functionalized with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-polyethylene glycol methacrylate)@zinc oxide (PNE@ZnO) composite microgels for intelligent environmental adaptation. The PNE microgel was synthesized through emulsion polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (EGMA) as co-monomers, followed by hydrogen-bond-mediated interfacial assembly of ZnO nanoparticles to form PNE@ZnO nanohybrids. Comprehensive characterization demonstrated that the optimized microgel (NIPAM/EGMA molar ratio 10:1) possesses well-defined morphology and pronounced temperature-responsiveness, showing 42.3

Actuators that can autonomously move and manipulate in response to external stimuli are crucial for the development of next-generation smart sensing devices and self-powered soft robots, attracting considerable research interest. Despite ambient humidity being an abundant, readily available, and sustainable energy source, its actuation response efficiency is often inferior to other triggers. Therefore, developing high-performance, flexible humidity-responsive actuators (HRAs) remains a significant challenge. In this work, a bilayer hydrophilic porous composite nanofiber membrane actuator was designed and crafted for highly effective interaction with ambient moisture. The actuator features a humidity-active layer made of polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers embedded with MIL-88A (MP) and an inert layer composed of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and PEO (PH) composite nanofibers, which was obtained by a layer-by-layer electrospinning technique. For the MP layer, a highly oriented nanofiber membrane was prepared by increasing the rotation speed of collection roller. This enhancement promoted the directional transfer of deformation stress within the actuator, thereby improving its response performance and enabling programmable manipulation. The integration of breath-type metal-organic framework (MOF) within the MP layer significantly increased its moisture sensitivity, leading to a remarkable bending actuation of 7.72 cm-1. The PH layer, serving as the humidity-inert component, has a hydrophilic and porous structure that facilitates efficient moisture exchange across both sides of the actuator. Additionally, hydrogen bonding between PEO and HPC molecules strengthens the interlayer adhesion of the bilayer nanofiber membrane, ensuring cyclic stability of the actuator. This development enabled the creation of highly efficient and reliable HRAs, showcasing considerable potential for applications such as humidity switches, artificial muscles, self-powered soft robotics, and other intelligent response systems.

Moisture-enabled electric generators (MEGs) harvest environmental moisture for energy generation and environmental monitoring, showing promise in wearable electronics. Electrospinning nanofiber membranes, favored for their large surface area, micro-nano channel networks, material versatility, and facile fabrication, serve as ideal platforms for MEGs. Although sodium alginate (SA), a natural polymer rich in hydrophilic groups, is suitable for humidity-driven energy harvesting, challenges persist in its direct electrospinnability and in balancing sustained hygroscopic power output with structural stability under humid conditions. This work designed an antibacterial bilayer nanofiber membrane with a distinct hydrophilic hierarchical structure using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), SA, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to enhance durability. The bilayer structure, with an upper layer of PVA/SA/AgNPs and a lower layer of PVA/AgNPs, both cross-linked with 2 wt.% GA, achieved a 0.415 V open-circuit voltage, retaining 93.2% performance after 25 cycles. It exhibited 99.83% and 99.57% inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, ensuring biostability in humid environments. These MEGs enable multifunctional integration for real-time moisture detection, respiratory health monitoring, activity tracking, and energy harvesting in self-powered wearable systems.

High-temperature heat treatment is a crucial thermochemical process for pyrolysis/carbonization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). However, the inefficient heat transfer process of traditional heating methods often results in inhomogeneous heating, low porosity, long preparation times, and high energy consumption. Here, we first use electrospinning and microwave heating techniques to rapidly fabricate porous CNFs with the help of microwave absorbers. To deeply understand the microwave heating mechanism and differences with traditional heating, we systematically investigate and analyze the effects of the type and concentration of the microwave absorbers, microwave heating parameters, and two heating mechanisms (microwave and traditional heating) on the fabrication of CNFs by experimental investigation and COMSOL simulations. Such microwave heating technique can enable an ultrafast heating rate (up to 250 degrees C min- 1 on average). Due to the rapid internal and volumetric heating, CNFs prepared using microwave heating exhibit a larger carbon content (92.86 %) and a larger BET specific surface area (687 m2/g) than their counterparts prepared using traditional heating methods (88.49 % and 460.7 m2/g). Moreover, the possible mechanisms of microwave heating have been explained. This work paves the way for the fabrication of porous CNFs and other advanced carbon nanomaterials using microwave heating techniques.

Flexible Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been regarded as a promising energy storage solution for flexible electronics. However, the challenges of dendrite growth due to uneven current density distribution and limited anode flexibility have impeded their practical application. Herein, a flexible 3D zinc anode with a dual gradient in porosity and conductivity is presented. This dual-gradient nanofibrous anode exhibits exceptional flexibility and durability, showing less than a 10% change in resistance after 15 000 bending cycles. The vertical gradient distribution in conductivity promotes preferential zinc deposition at the bottom section, while the gradient in porosity facilitates Zn2(+) ion migration and ensures timely replenishment of the inner space of the membrane. The combination of the 3D structure and dual-gradient design fosters bottom-up zinc deposition, effectively preventing dendrite formation. Symmetric cells with this dual-gradient anode demonstrate outstanding cycling stability, maintaining more than 410 h of operation at a current density of 1 mA cm-2 for 1 mA h cm-2, surpassing reference samples and most previously reported 3D zinc anodes. The quasi-solid-state ZIBs assembled with this dual-gradient anode exhibit excellent stability under various mechanical deformations. These 3D nanofibrous anodes with dual-gradient designs hold great promise for advancing the practical application of flexible Zn-ion batteries.

Wearable sweat sensors are emerging as transformative noninvasive platforms for real-time physiological monitoring. However, persistent challenges regarding dynamic skin conformability, reliable adhesion, efficient sweat uptake/transport, and biosafety impede clinical translation. Herein, we developed hydrophilic-adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes via a bioinspired modification strategy for sweat sensor construction. Catechol-functionalized polyethylene glycol copolymer (catechol-PEG) was synthesized through epoxy-amine ring-opening polymerization between poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and dopamine, followed by integration into PVDF electrospinning solutions to fabricate composite membranes. The composite membranes demonstrate robust reusable adhesion maintaining conformal skin contact on curved surfaces during movement, coupled with instantaneous superhydrophilicity reducing water contact angles from 135° to 0°. Remarkably, hydration enhances adhesive strength compared to dry conditions, ensuring stable interfacial bonding during perspiration. Furthermore, catechol-PEG endows the membranes with potent antibacterial activity (>98.6% and 97.7% inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively) and significantly improves air permeability (5.4-fold enhancement). Sensors constructed on this multifunctional substrate exhibit efficient sweat wicking for continuous biomarker analysis and maintain stable epidermal adhesion during intense physical activity. Human trials with athletes validated reliable multiplexed detection of sweat biomarkers, including pH and electrolytes (Cl-, Ca2+). This integrated material system establishes a versatile platform for next-generation wearable diagnostics, effectively resolving critical limitations in epidermal monitoring technologies.

The use of petrochemical energy is associated with a series of pollution problems, so the importance of clean energy has increased. Green hydrogen, as a clean fuel with high calorific value and no pollution, can be obtained by electrolysis of water. In addition to expensive precious metal catalysts, the catalytic properties of transition metals such as Co and Ni have also received attention. In this paper, waste silk fabric was used as carbon precursor, and the matrix with high specific surface area was prepared by activation and carbonization. The sulfides of Co and Ni were successfully loaded onto carbon precursors by hydrothermal method to form electrocatalyst materials with high catalytic activity and stability. When the molar ratio of Co to Ni reaches 2:1, the surface appears needle-like flowers, which is conducive to the mass transfer and diffusion process in the reaction. At the same time, according to a number of test results, Co and Ni exist in the form of spinel sulfide, exposing more active sites at the microscopic level and playing a synergistic catalytic role.

Fiber materials have demonstrated significant competitive advantages in the field of electrocatalytic water splitting. Their unique characteristics-including high specific surface area, robust conductive networks, customizable properties, and the potential for hybridization with metal materials-make them prime candidates for catalytic applications. This review begins by exploring the fundamental principles of electrocatalytic water splitting, then categorizes the various types of fibers currently employed in this domain, and finally highlights the diverse roles that fiber materials play. In summary, the article outlines future research trajectories, potential applications, and anticipated challenges of fiber materials in electrocatalytic water splitting. This comprehensive review aims to foster a deeper understanding of this critical field and ultimately advance clean energy technologies.

Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH) is a multi-component and multi-target Chinese herbal compound widely used for treating chronic conditions such as diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, osteoporosis, and chronic kidney disease. However, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations like decoction and pill face limitations, including low active component concentration, limited bioavailability, short half-life, and the need for high dosage, which may increase the burden on liver and kidney functions and reduce clinical efficacy. In this study, LWDH was further purified using D101 macroporous adsorption resin, resulting in a soluble extract with an active component content 53.6 times higher than that of LWDH itself. The freeze-dried LWDH extract was then encapsulated within silk fibroin (SF) microspheres to significantly enhance the sustained release performance of the drug. In a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model cultured under high glucose conditions, methanol vapor-treated SF/LWDH microspheres demonstrated a decrease in the 24-hour drug release rate from 61.88 % to 34.81 %, augmenting their protective effect on endothelial cells.

The design of a stable and efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst across the entire pH range is of significant importance for the development of hydrogen production technology by electrocatalytic water splitting. This study chose biomass silk fibroin protein as the electrospinning raw material, synthesizing a hybrid membrane of CoS@carbon nanofibers (CNF) with a layered core–shell structure through simple carbonization and hydrothermal treatment. The CoS nanoparticles can grow uniformly and densely on the CNF. By varying the concentrations of hexahydrate cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O) and thiourea (CH4N2S), the morphology of the synthesized CoS nanoparticles on CNF can be controlled. Different microscopic morphologies lead to differences in the activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), attributed to variations in the exposed active sites for different morphologies. Compared to pure CNF, the CoS-2@CNF hybrid membrane exhibits excellent HER activity in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. This highlights the synergistic catalytic effect between CNF and CoS particles. This work provides guidance for the rational design of bio-based catalysts with excellent performance.

Research on sustainable energy sources is crucial for alleviating environmental issues and addressing energy security concerns. This study investigates the utilization of various silk precursors in the hydrogen evolution reaction. Waste silk fabric, regenerated silk fibroin film, porous silk fibroin, silk cocoon and degummed silk fibroin were used as precursors to prepare HER electrocatalysts. To investigate the influence of precursor form on catalytic perform9ance, a comparative analysis of the morphology, structure and composition of different materials was conducted. Among various catalysts, waste silk fabric based catalysts exhibit the most excellent catalytic activity, with an overpotential of 113 mV at 10 mA cm(-2) and a Tafel slope of 30.9 mV/dec. Even After 1000 cycles of testing, it still maintains excellent catalytic activity. This study provides insights into the influence of precursor forms on the electrochemical performance of biomass carbon-based catalysts, aiming to inspire further research in this field.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease that has attracted widespread attention due to its characteristic of being asymptomatic and high mortality rate. In this study, we present a novel woven vascular stent-graft, which can improve thrombus formation resulting from excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation following blood vessel stent implantation. To achieve this, we adopted the orthogonal design method to optimize the production process parameters and then coated the surface of the woven stent with chitosan/heparin using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique based on the electrostatic binding principle, and the performance of the stent before and after modification was comprehensively evaluated. The results demonstrated that the coating had no impact on the mechanical properties, wall thickness, and cross-sectional water permeability of the membranes. Remarkably, the release rate of heparin reached as high as 90.88% at 216 h, effectively inhibiting the growth of smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, the new woven polyester vascular stent-graft provides a potential application prospect for the treatment of AAA.

The air gap between fabric layers or underneath clothing significantly affects heat and moisture transfer. To explore heat and moisture transfer mechanism of protective clothing with the air gap exposed to high pressurized steam, a robust numerical "steam-protective fabric-skin" heat and moisture transfer model was established, accounting for both static and dynamic air gaps. The model prediction results showed a strong agreement with experimental data, namely a relative error ranging from 0.63% to 3.60%. In addition, the effects of various air gap parameters on steam protective performance were investigated, including the thickness and position of interlayer air gaps, the thickness of underneath air gaps, and dynamic variations in air gaps. The findings show that the interlayer air gap prolong the skin burn time, but mitigate the influence of fabric properties. Also, increasing air gap thickness underneath clothing, particularly no bigger than 12 mm, yields a substantial increment in skin burn time. It reveals that motion amplitude emerges as the primary factor influencing steam protective performance of the fabric system during periodic air gap thickness fluctuations. Larger amplitudes causes weaker protective performance. These insights hold immense promise for engineering high performance protective clothing under exposure to hot steam environments.

Handling tons of waste textiles is a big challenge in the textile and apparel industry. The recycling of waste textiles, especially expensive silk fabrics, is of great significance for resource conservation and green, low-carbon cycle development. In addition, the development of precious metal-free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a major challenge. In this study, molybdenum carbide nanoparticle-decorated carbonized silk fabrics (Mo2C@CSF) were fabricated using a simple process, which can be directly employed as an HER electrode. The obtained materials exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic HER performance in acidic media with low overpotential (60 mV at 10 mA/cm2) and long-term stability (more than 24 h). This work will provide a fresh perspective on the treatment of waste silk fabrics and the fabrication of high-performance electrocatalysts.

As a good substrate, silk fibers are widely employed in the field of intelligent textiles. In this work, the surface of silk fibers were firstly roughened by formic acid and sensitized by tannic acid, and then the silver ammonia solution was reduced by glucose to synthesize nano -silver in situ on the silk surface to obtain composite conductive silk fibers with resistivity as low as 0.24 m Omega center dot cm. It was proved by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests that a uniformly deposited nano -silver layer was fabricated on the silk surface. The prepared silk fibers had stable mechanical, thermal, electrical, and antibacterial properties and can be used for human sensing.

This article combines the experimental training work of graduate students in the textile discipline of universities,and addresses the problems that have arisen in the experimental training of scanning electron microscope in recent years,guided by the textile discipline,it optimizes the experimental training course of scanning electron microscope from three aspects:experimental training methods,training content,and assessment mechanism.This enables students to not only master instrument principles,but also improve operational skills,stimulate innovative thinking and scientific research abilities,fully leverage the important role of scanning electron microscope in the field of textile discipline.

医用防护服主要作为临床医务人员在接触患者时所穿着的一次性防护用品,是保证医护人员生命安全的重要防护.简要介绍了医用防护服面料的制备方法及结构,系统概述了国内外医用防护服的技术要求,阐述了多功能防护服面料的发展现状,探讨了医用防护服的未来发展趋势.

银纳米线透明导电薄膜的导电性能主要取决于银纳米线之间的接触电阻,过高的接触电阻会降低透明导电薄膜的光电性能和器件稳定性.针对银纳米线透明导电薄膜接触电阻大的不足,文章综述了使用超长银纳米线、洗涤法、焊接法、机械层压法、加入其他组分导电材料等方法,能够有效降低银纳米线的接触电阻.在不损害银纳米线透明导电薄膜机械性能和透光性能的前提下,综合使用上述方法可以使银纳米线透明导电薄膜获得更好的光电性能.

将5 mg/mL Ti3C2TX纳米片通过反复浸涂的方法整理到聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性棉织物的表面,制备了一种高柔性导电P-MXene棉织物.研究表明,Ti3C2TX纳米片在棉织物表面均匀成膜,Ti、F、Cl三种元素被成功引入棉织物的表面.P-MXene棉织物经历1000次的大角度弯折和180 min超声波处理,方阻变化不大,具有优异的柔性和耐超声水洗性能.