Background T-cell lymphomas (TCL) have limited treatment options and poor prognosis, representing an unmet medical need. Pralatrexate and pembrolizumab have each demonstrated modest single-agent efficacy in TCL. Preclinical data suggest that antifolates may induce immunogenic cell death and modulate the tumor microenvironment to enhance antigen presentation and reduce immunosuppression, while immune checkpoint inhibitors may restore T-cell function, together synergistically promoting robust anti-tumor immunity (Schaer et al, Clin Cancer Res 2019). Based on this rationale, we hypothesized that the combination of pralatrexate and pembrolizumab could improve therapeutic efficacy. We report the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of this regimen in patients with TCL. Methods We conducted a multicenter, prospective, phase I/II, single-arm, open-label trial in patients aged ≥18 years with relapsed or refractory (R/R) mature peripheral T-cell or NK-cell lymphomas, including transformed mycosis fungoides (MF), who had received at least one prior line of therapy. Patients with prior exposure to anti–PD-1 or pralatrexate without evidence of objective response were excluded. The study included a dose-escalation phase followed by a dose-expansion phase once the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of pralatrexate was determined, using a modified rolling 6 design. Pralatrexate was administered IV at escalating doses (Dose Level [DL] 1: 20 mg/m², DL 2: 30 mg/m²) on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle, combined with pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on Day 1 of each cycle. Supportive care, including leucovorin, was provided per institutional standards. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined as grade ≥4 hematologic or grade ≥3 non-hematologic treatment-related adverse events, with protocol-specified exceptions, occurring during the first two cycles of therapy. The primary endpoints were determination of the MTD/RP2D of pralatrexate and overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included complete response (CR) rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results Thirteen patients initiated study treatment. Histologic subtypes included anaplastic large cell lymphoma (n=6), transformed MF (n=3), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=1), T-follicular helper lymphoma, NOS (n=1), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (n=1), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, NOS (n=1). The median age was 63 years (range, 49–84). Nine patients (69%) had advanced-stage disease, and one (8%) had undergone prior autologous stem cell transplant. Five patients were treated at DL 1. Two were not evaluable for DLT due to clinical progression during the DLT assessment window. Among the 3 evaluable patients, no DLTs were observed, allowing for escalation to DL 2. Six patients were subsequently treated at DL 2; one was inevaluable due to progression after one cycle. Among the five evaluable patients, two experienced DLTs: one had Grade 3 fatigue lasting >2 weeks, and another developed Grade 3 hypertension that resolved to Grade 1 after >7 days. As per protocol, the occurrence of ≥2 DLTs at this level prompted de-escalation back to DL 1. Two additional patients were enrolled at DL 1 following de-escalation. One experienced a DLT (Grade 3 rash >7 days), while the other was inevaluable due to disease progression before completing the DLT period. The median number of treatment cycles administered across all patients was 3 (range, 1–7). No on-treatment deaths occurred. The ORR and CR rate were 23% and 15%, respectively. Median PFS was 2.4 months (95% CI: 0.72-2.9) and median OS was 5.6 months (95% CI: 3.5-15.7). At a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 1 patient remains alive and progression-free. Conclusion The combination of pralatrexate and pembrolizumab was not well tolerated in R/R TCL, with an unacceptable rate of DLTs across dose levels, despite the absence of unexpected toxicities. Furthermore, the ORR observed with this combination was lower than historical benchmarks for pralatrexate monotherapy, which may be attributable to the reduced pralatrexate dosing in this study and potential direct growth stimulation of malignant T cells by pembrolizumab. Given the limited efficacy and safety concerns, further development of this regimen as studied is not warranted.

Abstract Background Previous studies in aggressive B-cell lymphoma demonstrate that patients with shorter diagnosis-to-treatment intervals (DTI) represent those with higher risk disease. This suggests that patients enrolled in clinical trials may carry a selection bias as they often have longer DTI than patients in the general population. This has important implications for clinical research design and the generalizability of clinical trials in aggressive lymphomas. However, the prognostic implications of DTI have not been evaluated in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). Therefore, we examined DTI and its association with clinical factors and outcomes in a prospective observational cohort of patients with PTCL from the United States within the LEO (Lymphoma Epidemiology and Outcomes) and MER (University of Iowa and Mayo Clinic Specialized Programs of Research Excellence Molecular Epidemiology Resource). Patients and Methods We evaluated patients enrolled to the MER (2002-2015) and LEO (2015-2020) cohorts with the following forms of PTCL: PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS, n=217), nodal T-follicular helper (TFH) cell lymphoma (nTFHL, n=153), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), ALK positive (ALCL, ALK+, n=74), ALCL, ALK negative (ALCL, ALK-, n=95), enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (n=18), and monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (n=2). Associations of DTI with clinical factors and outcomes were examined using Kaplan Meier and Cox models. Event free survival (EFS) was defined as the time from start of treatment to relapse/progression, start of 2nd line therapy, or death from any cause. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from start of treatment until death from any cause. DTI was defined as the number of days between the first diagnostic biopsy and the start of therapy. Patients who were initially observed or had DTI > 100 days were excluded. Results In 559 patients (229 MER and 330 LEO), median age was 60, 34% had IPI>2 and 71% were stage III/IV. 472 (84%) patients initially received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Median DTI was 23 days (interquartile range (IQR): 12-39) and was similar in MER (21 days, IQR: 11-33) and LEO (25 days, IQR: 14-42). 168 (30%) patients had DTI 0-14 days, 178 (32%) 15-28 days, and 213 (38%) 29-100 days. Overall in the cohort, shorter DTI was associated with a worse 5-year OS (DTI 0-14 days: 43%; DTI 15-28 days: 53%; DTI 29-100 days: 58%, p<0.001) and 5-year EFS (DTI 0-14 days: 31%; DTI 15-28 days: 39%; DTI 29-100 days: 45%, p<0.001). In multivariable analyses, the association of DTI with outcomes remained consistent after adjusting for age and International Prognostic Index (IPI). Shorter DTI was strongly associated with adverse clinical factors, including elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, poor performance status, B-symptoms, and higher IPI in both cohorts (all P< .003). DTI was not associated with age, sex, or distance from the LEO/MER center (all p>0.3). 6% patients with DTI of 0-14 days received 1L treatment on a clinical trial, compared to 11% with DTI 15-28 days and 13% with DTI 29-100 days, underscoring that patients with lower DTI may be underrepresented in clinical trials. When examining within PTCL subtypes, the association between short DTI (0-14 days) and inferior outcomes was most prominent in PTCL, NOS (OS HR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.52-2.94; EFS HR =1.49, 95% CI: 1.19-1.85). Associations between short DTI and outcomes were weaker in other subtypes: nTFHL (OS HR=1.28, 95% CI: 0.83-2.00; EFS HR =1.22, 95% CI: 0.82-1.81), ALCL, ALK-, (OS HR=1.30, 95% CI: 0.59-2.86; EFS HR =1.32, 95% CI: 0.68-2.56), ALCL, ALK+, (OS HR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.26-4.17; EFS HR =2.12, 95% CI: 0.84-5.26). Conclusion Shorter DTI is associated adverse prognostic clinical factors (LDH, stage, high IPI) and inferior EFS and OS in newly diagnosed PTCL. Patients with DTI ≤ 14 days, which represents approximately 1/3 patients with PTCL, may be underrepresented in clinical trials. Understanding of this selection bias should inform clinical trial design and interpretation. Future studies should consider strategies to minimize barriers to enrollment for patients with low DTI.

Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (nPTCLs) are a challenging group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that frequently recur after or are refractory to first line (1L) treatment. Chemotherapy options in the relapsed or refractory (R/R) setting are limited. The incorporation of non-cytotoxic agents including antibody drug conjugates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors offers new therapeutic potential and possibly better outcomes. We report on outcomes for patients (pts) with R/R nPTCL enrolled in the multi-center LEO-MER prospective cohort study (NCT02736357) who received second line (2L) therapy. Methods Six hundred and three adult pts with newly diagnosed nPTCL were prospectively enrolled in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic MER observational cohort (2002-2015) or the expanded LEO cohort (2015-2020). Secondary overall survival (sOS) was calculated from date of 2L treatment initiation to date of death or last follow-up. Secondary event-free survival (sEFS) was calculated from date of 2Ltreatment initiation to disease progression, initiation of 3rd line therapy, or death from any cause. sEFS and sOS were evaluated using Cox model and Kaplan-Meier estimator. Log-rank test was used to test the significance of difference between groups. Pts with concomitant B-cell lymphomas were excluded from this analysis. Results Thus far, 169 pts with nPTCL initiating 2L therapy were evaluated. Of these, 75 (44.4%) had PTCL-NOS, 63 (37.3%) had angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL, inclusive of nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma), 20 (11.8%) had ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and 11 (6.5%) had ALK-positive ALCL. At 2L treatment initiation, the median age was 64 with 86.1% of pts having advanced stage disease. Of the 108 pts with available international prognostic index (IPI) scoring, 46.3% had an IPI of ≥3. Thirty-four (20.1%) pts had received a consolidative autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in the 1L. A total of 86 pts (50.1%) had primary refractory disease (partial response, stable or progressive disease as best response to 1L therapy), 45 (26.6%) experienced early relapsing disease within 6 months of 1L therapy, and 38 (22.5%) had relapsed disease >6 months from 1L therapy. After a median follow-up of 7.1 years (yrs), median sOS was 1.52 yrs, and sEFS was 3.2 months (mos). There was no difference in sOS or sEFS regardless of timing of relapse. In keeping with other studies, ALK-positive ALCL pts had the best 5-year OS (70.1%) compared to other subgroups (ALK-negative ALCL 45.0%, AITL 30.4%; PTCL-NOS 21.3%). Lymphoma was the leading cause of death following 2L therapy, with a 2-year cumulative incidence of 49.2%. Eighty pts (47.3%) received only cytotoxic chemotherapy as second line (2L) therapy; ICE (41 (51.3%)) and gemcitabine-containing regimens were most common (14 (17.5%)). Seventy-five pts (44.4%) were treated with non-cytotoxic agents given as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. The most common non-cytotoxic therapies were brentuximab vedotin (33 (44.0%)), romidepsin (17 (22.7%)) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (9 (12.0%)). Fourteen pts (8.3%) underwent palliative interventions involving radiation, steroids, or cyclosporine alone. Intent to proceed to transplant in the 2L was known in 158 pts (101 (63.9%) not intended, 57 (36.1% intended)). Following 2L treatment, 18 (10.7%) pts proceeded to consolidative ASCT and 10 (5.9%) to allogeneic transplant. Only 21 (12.9%) were treated on a clinical trial. Pts who received a non-cytotoxic agent had superior outcomes compared to pts receiving only chemotherapy; the median sOS was 30.4 mos (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.3, 53.52 mos) vs 11.7 mos ((95% CI 7.95,19.58); p=0.04; HR 0.67) and the median sEFS was 4.83 mos (95% CI 3.38, 10.09) vs 2.33 mos ((95% CI 1.71,3.02); p=0.02; HR=0.65). Conclusions We report here one of the largest prospective cohorts in R/R nPTCL. The LEO-MER cohort, despite its association with academic centers, shows poor outcomes regardless of refractory or relapsed disease, frequent inability to proceed to intended consolidative transplant, and low clinical trial participation in 2L, which corroborates findings from other registries (Jain 2025, Stuver 2019). Outcomes improved for pts treated with non-cytotoxic agents. Updated data including additional pts and subgroup analyses will be reported at the meeting.

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) remains the standard therapeutic approach for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive relapsed or refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Over the past decade, the therapeutic landscape for cHL has evolved substantially with the introduction of novel agents, including antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have demonstrated significant efficacy in the relapsed setting and are now incorporated into frontline treatment regimens. These advances have not only expanded the armamentarium available for disease management but have also led to improved long-term outcomes, raising important considerations regarding the optimal sequencing of therapies and the evolving role of transplantation in the modern treatment paradigm. HCT remains a cornerstone in the management of cHL; however, consensus is lacking regarding the optimal timing of auto-HCT, the sequencing and integration of novel therapeutic agents, the potential role of maintenance therapy following auto-HCT, and the appropriate indications and timing for allogeneic (allo) HCT. Therefore, the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Committee on Practice Guidelines undertook a project to formulate consensus recommendations to address this unmet need. The RAND-modified Delphi method was used to generate 20 consensus statements with key recommendations as follows: (1) use of auto-HCT consolidation after salvage therapy in the first relapse setting, for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive R/R cHL in complete response; (2) preferred use of pre-HCT salvage therapy regimens with novel agents; (3) consultation for allo-HCT in eligible patients who have disease relapse after auto-HCT; (4) guidance regarding optimal stem cell donor source; (5) selection of conditioning regimen for both auto-HCT and allo-HCT; and (6) preferred graft versus host disease prophylaxis in the modern era. These clinical practice recommendations serve as a tool to guide clinical management of R/R cHL.

Although radiation therapy quality assurance (RTQA) is important in any clinical trial with a radiation therapy (RT) component, it is paramount in lymphoma trials for several reasons. As lymphoma RT has evolved to use smaller and more complex treatment fields such as involved-site radiation therapy (ISRT) and positron emission tomography (PET)-directed residual-site radiation therapy (pRSRT), accurate target delineation has become more challenging, especially when lymphoma patients comprise only a small proportion of most radiation oncologists' clinical practice. Furthermore, lymphoma is often a highly curable malignancy in young patients, augmenting the detrimental impact of suboptimal RT. The Children's Oncology Group trial AHOD2131 of frontline therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma incorporates real-time central review of PET scans, target volumes, and RT plans. Early experience shows that this rigorous approach identifies protocol deviations and enables timely corrections before treatment begins. Common errors include omitting initially involved disease sites, potentially due to inaccurate fusion of the PET and computed tomography with the simulation computed tomography, and over-generous contouring of target volumes. The AHOD2131 central review methodology may serve as a blueprint for RTQA in future lymphoma trials, improving treatment accuracy and patient outcomes.

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) remains the standard therapeutic approach for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive relapsed or refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Over the past decade, the therapeutic landscape for cHL has evolved substantially with the introduction of novel agents, including antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have demonstrated significant efficacy in the relapsed setting and are now incorporated into frontline treatment regimens. These advances have not only expanded the armamentarium available for disease management but have also led to improved long-term outcomes, raising important considerations regarding the optimal sequencing of therapies and the evolving role of transplantation in the modern treatment paradigm. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains a cornerstone in the management of cHL; however, consensus is lacking regarding the optimal timing of auto-HCT, the sequencing and integration of novel therapeutic agents, the potential role of maintenance therapy following auto-HCT, and the appropriate indications and timing for allogeneic (allo) HCT. Therefore, the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) Committee on Practice Guidelines undertook a project to formulate consensus recommendations to address this unmet need. The RAND-modified Delphi method was used to generate 20 consensus statements with key recommendations as follows: (1) use of auto-HCT consolidation after salvage therapy in the first relapse setting, for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive R/R cHL in complete response; (2) preferred use of pre-HCT salvage therapy regimens with novel agents; (3) consultation for allo-HCT in eligible patients who have disease relapse after auto-HCT; (4) guidance regarding optimal stem cell donor source; (5) selection of conditioning regimen for both auto-HCT and allo-HCT; and (6) preferred graft versus host disease prophylaxis in the modern era. These clinical practice recommendations serve as a tool to guide clinical management of R/R cHL.

Abstract Background: Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) currently affects over 10.2 million people worldwide. Staphylococcal enterotoxin producing Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studies indicate that treatment of skin and soft tissue infections lead to clinical and symptomatic improvement in the erythrodermic appearance of CTCL. Not only does the bacteria play a role in cutaneous severity of the cancer, but also it is widely thought that presence of colonization correlates with severity of disease on a molecular level as well. The following study looked to see if race played a role in the rate and severity of colonization of these patients. Secondarily, the study looked to investigate survival amongst this group as well as how other factors such as age, gender and socioeconomic group played a role in colonization in this population. Methods: Patients were identified from an existing CTCL database at Emory University. Patients with a cutaneous culture and histopathologic evidence of Sezary syndrome (SS) or Mycosis fungoides (MF) seen between 2020 and 2024 were eligible. Colonization was defined as a positive cutaneous culture result. Comparison between Black and White patients was performed using ANOVA for numerical covariates and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical covariates. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from diagnosis to death or last follow-up. Patients not experiencing an event were censored at their last known follow-up. OS was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariable Cox regression models were developed to identify predictors of OS. For binary outcomes, logistic regression was performed. Results: The population included 213 patients, 96 patients (45.1%) self-identified as white and 117 (54.9%) as Black. Forty-nine patients (23%) were colonized, 40 (18.8%) had S. aureus, and 42 (21.5%) developed bacteremia. Racial differences were evaluated among Black and White patients. Black patients were more likely to become bacteremic after colonization than white patients (p<.0008). Nineteen (19.8%) of White patients and 30 (25.6%) of white patients had positive skin cultures; MRSA was seen in 6 (6.2%) of White and 12 (10.2%) Black patients, but this did not reach statistical significance. Multivariate analysis indicated that women were more likely to have MSSA when compared to men, (OR=2.76; p<0.038). The analysis also demonstrated that those older than 60 were less likely to become bacteremic (p< 0.036), however had a lower survival rate if infected (p<0.015). Discussion: In spite of higher degrees of bacteremia among Black patients, analysis of cutaneous cultures did not indicate differences in rates of colonization. Limitations include cultures were performed per standard of care and therefore we were not able to control for topical/oral antibiotics, and differences in hygiene practices or medications. Additional need for studies evaluating the cutaneous microbiome using whole genome studies to identify the full microbial community, and identify the role of strain type on risk of invasive infections and the interaction with CTCL severity. Conclusion: This single location study indicates that though rates of colonization and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was similar between white and black patients, Black patients are more likely to become bacteremic as a result of the infection. Although Black patients were more likely to have severe outcomes such as bacteremia, the survival when compared to white patients long term was similar.

Purpose: There is marked variability in treatment fields for glioblastoma. We performed a retrospective study comparing outcomes of patients treated according to MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) or Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines and identified differences in treatment-related toxicity. Methods and Materials: Adult patients with glioblastoma treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation treatment were included in this study. Primary outcomes were local control, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and radiation-related toxicity. PFS and OS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using Cox regression models. Results: In total, 257 patients met the inclusion criteria with a median age of 60.1 years at diagnosis. There were 162 and 95 patients treated according to the MDACC or RTOG guidelines, respectively. Despite having similar gross tumor volumes, the RTOG cohort had a larger median planning target volume (303.2 cm³ vs 430.7 cm³, P < .001) and worse PFS (6 months vs 9 months, P = .031). There was no difference in OS between treatment techniques. Patients treated according to RTOG guidelines experienced higher rates of radionecrosis (34% vs 21%, P = .024) and severe lymphopenia (15% vs 7%, P = .044). Conclusions: Patients treated according to MDACC guidelines had smaller treatment volumes, improved PFS, and lower rates of radionecrosis and severe lymphopenia. However, when adjusting for prognostic factors, treatment type was not associated with PFS in multivariate analysis. Prospective investigation is warranted to confirm these differences in outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the impacts of treatment related factors, race, and social determinants of health (SDOH) on patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) using a hospital-based registry system. METHODS:Patients with CTCL diagnosed from 2004 to 2019 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression models, and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) were conducted to compare the overall survival between white and Black patients. RESULTS:The NCDB cohort (n = 16,189) included 12,266 (75.8%) white patients, 2849 (17.6%) Black patients, and 1074 (6.6%) other races. There were differences in disease, treatment characteristics and SDOH by racial group. Black patients traveled shorter distances (20.3% vs. 28.9%, P < .001) for treatment and were more likely to reside in urban centers. Rurality (HR 1.74 (1.41-2.15)) and treatment at non-academic/research programs (HR 1.21 (95% CI, 1.11-1.31) were associated with increased risks of death. PSM controlling for demographic, disease, SDOH, and treatment-related variables, demonstrated increased risk of death among Black patients (HR:1.20 (95% CI, 1.10-1.30) P < .001). LIMITATIONS:Lack of detailed treatment data and misclassified cases may limit the validity of the study. CONCLUSION:Black patients have a 20% increased risk of death despite controlling for patient, disease, treatment, and social factors.

Introduction: CTCLs are rare, heterogeneous non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) with significant regional variability in treatment patterns. Prospective studies characterizing CTCL management, particularly in racially and ethnically diverse populations, remains limited. The LEO-MER multi-center prospective cohort study (NCT02736357) is designed to address the persistent disparities in outcomes research by enrolling historically underrepresented groups of patients diagnosed with lymphoma across the United States (US). Here, we present a real-world analysis of CTCL patients that reflects US academic practice, evaluating treatment patterns, as well as prognostic factors influencing survival outcomes. Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed CTCL were prospectively enrolled in either the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic MER cohort (2002-2015) or the expanded LEO cohort (2015-2020), which included 8 US academic centers. Standardized protocols were used to abstract clinical, pathologic, treatment, and outcome data from medical records. ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's/chi-square tests were used to compare patient distribution across demographic and clinical characteristics based on data distribution and sample size. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from diagnosis to death or last follow-up. Survival analyses employed Kaplan-Meier estimation supplemented by Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: The LEO-MER cohort enrolled 223 CTCL patients (91 MER and 132 LEO). Subtypes included mycosis fungoides (MF, n=155, 69.5%), Sézary syndrome (SS, n=22, 9.9%), primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (n=17, 7.6%), subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (n=11, 4.9%), cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative-disorder (n=9, 4%), and other rarer CTCL subtypes (n=9, 4%). Among the MF/SS cohort, median age was 64 years (Range: 18-89 years), 58.2% (n=103) were male and race/ethnicity distribution included White (n=123, 69.5%), Black (n=29; 16.4%) and others/unknown (n=25; 14.1%). Stage distribution included 62.7% with early-stage (ES) MF (IA-IIA, n=111), 37.2% with advanced-stage (AS) MF (IIB-IVB, n=66). To complete diagnostic workup, T-cell receptor (TCR) testing was performed in 52.6% of skin biopsies (n=92) and 62.5% of blood samples (n=110), with clonal detection rates of 75% (69/92) in skin and 51.8% (57/110) in blood. Paired TCR matching between skin and blood samples was performed in 31.6% (n=56) of cases, demonstrating 53.6% (30/56) concordance. Blood flow cytometry data were reported in 80.1% (89/111) and 84.4% (56/66) of ES and AS MF cases, with T-cell population being detected in 7.2% (8/111) and 62.1% (41/66) of ES and AS cases. Nodal biopsies were obtained in 23.4% (n=41) of patients and clonality assessment was reported in 18.6% (33/177) of these cases. The MF/SS cohort's lifetime treatment exposure data (n=160) revealed topical skin-directed therapies alone (n=49, 31.8%) as the most common approach followed by lifetime exposure to topical skin-directed and systemic therapies (n=45, 29.2%) followed by multimodal exposure of topical skin-directed, radiation and systemic treatments (n=30, 19.5%). Only 5.6% of patients were enrolled in a clinical trial. First-line (1L) systemic regimens were predominantly a) immunomodulatory agents (n=47, 29.3%); including oral retinoid (n=20), extracorporeal photopheresis (n=18), interferon (n=9) followed by b) chemotherapy (n=30, 18.7%) and c) targeted therapies (n=17, 10.6%) including Brentuximab Vedotin (n=6), Romidepsin (n=5), Mogamulizumab (n=3), Vorinostat (n=2) and Pralatrexate (n=1). Multivariable analysis predicting 1L systemic treatment initiation demonstrated a significant association with presence of N2/N3 stage (N2/N3 vs N0/N1: Odds Ratio (OR): 5.45) and elevated LDH (OR: 5.30). At median follow-up of 91.1 months (mon), median OS was 122.3 mon (95% confidence interval 67.2-159.2 mon). In subset analyses, Black race (p=0.001) and SS (p=0.0001) were associated with worse OS outcomes. Conclusion: We present initial data from our prospective LEO-MER cohort, a large US-based multicenter consortia. Our findings demonstrate variability in both diagnostic staging and treatment approaches for MF/SS patients. The cohort demonstrated worse outcomes with high-risk disease and Black race/ethnicity. These findings warrant further study on the impact of underlying social determinant factors, given the variability noted in this population.

Abstract Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL) is a B-cell lymphoma characterized by Hodgkin Reed- Sternberg (HRS) cells surrounded by immune cell infiltrates that define histological subtypes. A subset of CHL tumors shows integration of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome into the HRS cell. EBV tumor positivity is thought to reflect immunocompromised status and has been more common in young and older patients, and non-white patients of lower socioeconomic status. This study aims to examine the distribution of EBV tumor prevalence and determine whether EBV tumor status affects survival, focusing on potential disparities across age, sex, or race/ethnicity. We collected 908 multiethnic cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks of CHL for the MultiEthnic Study of Hodgkin lymphoma (MESH) from multiple sites, including cancer centers, hospitals, and Residual Tissue Repositories. Diagnosis confirmation was conducted by a hematopathologist. Demographic and clinical information were obtained from medical charts and state cancer registries. EBV tumor status was determined using EBER1 in situ hybridization, with EBV+ cases defined by nuclear or cytoplasmic positivity in >5% of HRS cells. We tested associations between EBV tumor status and age at diagnosis (pediatric: <15 years, adolescent/young adult [AYA]: 15-39 years, older adults: 40+ years), sex, race/ethnicity (Hispanic, Black, Non-Hispanic White[NHW], Asian, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander [HPI]), and histology (Nodular Sclerosis[NS]; Mixed Cellularity[MC]) using χ-squared tests. We tested the effect of EBV on 5-year overall survival (OS), using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, and race/ethnicity. Of the 685 cases diagnosed from 1978 to 2018 with EBV results, about 30% were EBV+. EBV positivity for both NS and MC was higher in pediatric cases (NS: 45%; MC: 90%) and older-aged cases (NS: 29%; MC: 64%) compared to AYA cases (NS: 16%; MC: 39%). AYA had the most CHL cases, mostly EBV−. Males made up more EBV+ cases, with pronounced differences across all age groups (pediatric: 62%; AYA: 24%; older-aged: 46%). EBV positivity varied by race/ethnicity (p=0.002), with the highest prevalence in Hispanics (38%) and the lowest in HPI (10%). EBV+ tumors rose with age in NHW and HPI racial groups, but other racial/ethnic groups showed a decline in prevalence among AYA patients. Adjusted Cox analyses showed no statistically significant association between EBV tumor status and OS (HR=1.08, p=0.744). Stratified analysis showed divergent effects of EBV on OS in AYA and older adult age groups, although the associations were not significant (HR=0.79, p=0.671; HR=1.11, p=0.6842, respectively). Race-specific trends were observed in EBV+ CHL across age groups. Unlike previous reports, we did not observe an association between EBV tumor status and survival. More studies with diverse populations and larger sample sizes are needed to fully grasp the complex interplay between demographic and clinical factors and EBV patterns in CHL tumors across different populations. Citation Format: Esther Lam, Jia Y. Wan, Jose Aparicio, Sheeja Pullarkat, Anthony Colombo, Joo Song, Chun Chao, Juan M. Mejia-Arangure, Brenda Hernandez, Aixiang Jiang, Tomohiro Aoki, Pamela Allen, Christopher Flowers, Sophia Wang, Juanita Evans, Owen Chan, Leon Bernal-Mizrachi, David W. Scott, Megan Lim, Jakub Svoboda, Christian Steidl, Imran Siddiqi, Wendy Cozen. EBV prevalence and overall survival in the MultiEthnic Study of Hodgkin lymphoma (MESH) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A026.

Purpose/Objective(s) There is marked variability defining treatment fields for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). We performed a retrospective study comparing outcomes of patients treated according to the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) or Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines and identified differences in treatment-related toxicity. Materials/Methods Adult patients with GBM treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation treatment (RT) between 2013–2016 were included in this study. Patients were treated according to institutional preference. Primary outcomes were local control rates, survival outcomes, and radiation-related toxicity. Radionecrosis was characterized through either surgical pathology or MRI, utilizing available perfusion and diffusion techniques. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Cox regression models. Results In our study, 257 patients met inclusion criteria with a median age of 60.1 at the time of diagnosis. There were 162 and 95 patients treated according to the MDACC and RTOG guidelines, respectively. Although the gross tumor volumes were similar between the groups, the RTOG cohort had a larger median planning target volume (303.2 cc vs 430.7 cc, P = < 0.001) and worse PFS (P = 0.031). There was not a statistically significant difference in OS between treatment strata. Patients treated according to the RTOG protocol experienced higher rates of radionecrosis (34% vs 21%, P = 0.024) and grade 3+ lymphopenia (15% vs 7%, P = 0.044). Conclusion Patients treated according to the MDACC protocol had smaller treatment volumes, improved PFS, and lower rates of radiation-related toxicity. Prospective investigation is warranted to confirm the differences in outcomes.

Primary cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas (PCBCL) is a form of a lymphoproliferative neoplasm consisting of proliferation localized to the skin. Cutaneous lymphomas originate from mature T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, or NK cells. The incidence of PCBCL is significantly lower in patients with Skin of Color (SoC) and is quite rare among African American (AA) individuals, compared to their Caucasian counterparts. The clinical course of PCFCL in SoC is not widely studied or reported in literature due to the low incidence in the AA population. We present a case of PCBCL in an AA individual along with a brief review of the clinical presentation, pathology, and treatment options of the condition. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately half of the U.S population will have SoC by 2050; by adding our case of PCFCL to the body of literature, we hope to promote awareness of the presentation and course of this cutaneous disorder in SoC patients.

Aims Endoscopic full thickness resection (eFTR) is an advanced endoscopic technique for resection of complex gastrointestinal lesions. We aim to report outcomes for patients undergoing eFTR who were identified as having recurrent polyps despite repeat endoscopic attempts at clearance, lesions that appeared suspicious for malignancy on eFTR but were benign on subsequent histological assessment, or other benign indications. These patients in our trust would historically have been referred for consideration of surgical intervention.

Abstract BACKGROUND WHO grade 4 gliomas are rare tumors in the pediatric and AYA (adolescent and young adult) population. In this study, we evaluate prognostic factors, toxicities, and outcomes in the pediatric versus AYA population. METHODS This retrospective pooled institutional study included patients < 30 years old with grade 4 gliomas. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were characterized using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients (n=20 < 15y, n=77 ≥ 15y) were identified with a median age 23.9y at diagnosis. Most had biopsy-proven glioblastoma (91%) and the remainder had diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-altered (9%). All patients received surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Median PFS and OS were 20.9 months and 79.4 months, respectively. Gross total resection was associated with better PFS in multivariate analysis [HR 2.00 (1.01–3.62), p = 0.023]. Age ≥15y was also associated with improved OS [HR 0.36 (0.16–0.81), p = 0.014] while female gender [HR 2.12 (1.08–4.16), p = 0.03] and K27M altered histology [HR 2.79 (1.11–7.02), p = 0.029] were associated with worse OS. Only 7% of patients experienced grade 2 toxicity during radiation. Sixty-two percent of patients experienced tumor progression, 28% local and 34% distant. Analysis of salvage treatment found reirradiation was not associated with improved OS, but second surgery and systemic therapy significantly improved survival from the time of tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Age is a significant prognostic factor in WHO grade 4 glioma, which may reflect age-related molecular alterations in the tumor. Diffuse midline glioma was associated with worse OS compared to hemispheric glioblastoma; this may be related to lack of effective targeted therapies. Surgery and systemic therapy were effective salvage options that significantly improved outcome. Better understanding of prognostic factors may guide future treatment within this understudied patient population, and prospective studies are warranted.

Multivariate Cox model for cancer-specific mortality with race-insurance interaction term

BACKGROUND:Golidocitinib, a selective JAK1 tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, has shown encouraging anti-tumour activity in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma in a phase 1 study (JACKPOT8 Part A). Here, we report the full analysis of a phase 2 study, in which we assessed the anti-tumour activity of golidocitinib in a large multinational cohort of patients. METHODS:We did a single-arm, multinational, phase 2 trial (JACKPOT8 Part B) in 49 centres in Australia, China, South Korea, and the USA. Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma who had received at least one previous line of systemic therapy and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2. Patients were given oral golidocitinib 150 mg once daily until disease progression or other discontinuation criteria were met. The primary endpoint was the CT-based objective response rate, assessed by an independent review committee (IRC) per Lugano 2014 classification. The activity analysis set included all patients who received at least one dose and whose pathological diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma had been retrospectively confirmed by a central laboratory and who had at least one measurable lesion at baseline assessed by IRC. The safety analysis set included all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04105010, and is closed to accrual and follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS:Between Feb 26, 2021, and Oct 12, 2022, we assessed 161 patients for eligibility, of whom 104 (65%) were enrolled and received at least one dose of study drug; the activity analysis set included 88 (85%) patients (median age 58 years [IQR 51-67], 57 [65%] of 88 were male, 31 [35%] were female, and 83 [94%] were Asian). As of data cutoff (Aug 31, 2023; median follow-up was 13·3 months [IQR 4·9-18·4]), per IRC assessment, the objective response rate was 44·3% (95% CI 33·7-55·3; 39 of 88 patients, p<0·0001), with 21 (24%) patients having a complete response and 18 (20%) having a partial response. In the safety analysis set, 61 (59%) of 104 patients had grade 3-4 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events. The most common grade 3-4 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were neutrophil count decreased (30 [29%]), white blood cell count decreased (27 [26%]), lymphocyte count decreased (22 [21%]), and platelet count decreased (21 [20%]), which were clinically manageable and reversible. 25 (24%) patients had treatment-related serious adverse events. Deaths due to treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in three (3%) patients: two (2%) due to pneumonia (one case with fungal infection [related to golidocitinib] and another one with COVID-19 infection) and one (1%) due to confusional state. INTERPRETATION:In this phase 2 study, golidocitinib showed a favourable benefit-risk profile in treating relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The results of this study warrant further randomised clinical studies to confirm activity and assess efficacy in this population. FUNDING:Dizal Pharmaceutical.

versus 46.3%, OR=2.3 7 [1.18-4. 77 ]). Co n clusio n s: CLL/SLL patients initiating 1L ibrutinib single-agent had higher adherence than those initiating 1L acalabrutinib single-agent. Characterization of BTKi adherence rates may inform treatment effectiveness in the real-world. whichever while date OS analyzed using the method (with comparisons of OS by characteristics analyzed by the 144 with ed to have progression on median was 68 and 7 and common patients the time on The and and respectively. Longer OS was observed among patients CLL to p=0.04), TFS: 30.4 months, 20.1 months, and 4.4 months, respectively, p<0.001) Co n clusio n s: These fi ndings suggest an unmet need for this growing patient population while supporting the current practice of next-line venetoclax and participation in clinical trials. using a assay. Live-virus neutralization against Omicron, and the ancestral WA1/2020 strains were measured by focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT). Correlation between vaccine response and clinical factors were determined. Results: Median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG binding titers were 8.6-fold lower in NHL/CLL patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to healthy individuals. IgA and IgM titers were similarly reduced. Among the 51 patients with available pre- and post-booster samples, only 45% achieved a >3.16 fold-increase in IgG titers after booster (median fold increase = 2.58 vs 41.0 for healthy vaccinees). A substantial decrease in IgG binding to variant SARS-CoV-2 spike, particularly from B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants, was observed. However, reductions were similar to healthy vaccinees (median fold reduction: 4.82 vs 4.83, respectively). Neutralizing antibody titers against WA1/2020 strain were detected in 44% of patients but only 16% of patients had neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron before booster vaccination. Neutralizing titers against WA1/2020 and Omicron were detected in 61% and 43% of patients after booster respectively, though mean titers against Omicron were 11.5-fold lower than WA1/2020. Clinical correlates to vaccine response including treatment status will be presented. Co n clusio n s: Antibody binding and live-virus neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants including Omicron are lower in NHL/ CLL patients compared to healthy individuals even after booster vaccination. Our study reinforces the need to prioritize anti-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and treatment agents to protect this highly immunosuppressed population. F u n di n g: Winship Cancer Institute and Emory University Institutional Funds, NCI U54 CA260563, P30CA138292, NIH P51 OD011132, HHSN2 7 2201400004C, U19AI090023, R35CA19 7 603. Objecti v e: prevalence ibrutinib associated associated D esig n : Retrospective chart review Setti n g: Single academic institution Patie n ts: Consecutive CLL/SLL patients (n=219) treated with ibrutinib at Duke University Medical Center from April 18, 2011 through October 31, 2019. Mai n Outco m e Measures: New-onset or uncontrolled hypertension. Results: Prior to initiation of ibrutinib, 130/219 (59.4%) patients had pre-existing hypertension (80% controlled, 13.8% uncontrolled, 6.2% indeterminate). Following ibrutinib, 100/130 ( 7 6.9%) became uncontrolled. When compared to younger patients, the risk of developing uncontrolled hypertension was lower in those ages 65-7 4yo (p=.03). The median number of days from ibrutinib initiation to development of uncontrolled hypertension (N=6 7 ) was not associated with age (p=0.49). Of the 89 patients without hypertension prior to ibrutinib, 4 7 .2% developed new-onset hypertension. There was no signifi cant difference in incidence of new-onset hypertension by age (42.9%, 5 7 .1%, 42.1% of those <65, 65- 7 4, and 7 5+ years old, respectively). The median time between ibrutinib initiation and development of new-onset hypertension was not associated with age (p=.34). Co n clusio n s: Over two-thirds (65%) of CLL/ SLL patients developed new-onset or uncontrolled hypertension after starting ibrutinib. Age did not appear to be associated with these changes. The increase in prevalence of hypertension highlights the importance of blood pressure monitoring, irrespective of age, after initiation of ibrutinib.

Abstract Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) relapse (CNSr) in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs uncommonly (estimated incidence 5%) but carries a high morbidity and mortality. Studies have identified risk factors for CNSr such as high tumor burden and extranodal (EN) disease. However, most focus on B-cell NHL with minimal data in T-cell lymphomas (TCL), which are significantly less common and more heterogenous. The few small series of CNSr in TCL report a median overall survival (OS) less than 3 months (mo) with incidence ranging from 2.6-9%. To better define CNSr in TCL, we performed a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of TCL patients with CNSr and herein describe clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment of CNSr. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study using data from 9 US academic centers with IRB approval at individual sites. We included adult patients diagnosed with a mature T-cell neoplasm as per the 2016 WHO classification between 1/1/2009-1/1/2019, who were found to have CNSr at any time after initial diagnosis, and collected patient, disease, and treatment characteristics at time of initial diagnosis as well as at CNSr. Patients with a diagnosis of a precursor T-cell malignancy or with CNS disease identified at initial TCL diagnosis (TCLd) and/or prior to first-line systemic treatment were excluded. Results In this analysis, we report the outcomes of 75 patients (male n=45, female n=30). At TCLd, the median age was 59 years (range 20-81), and 61% of patients (n=46) had an IPI score of at least 3, 92% (n=69) had EN involvement with 37% (n=28) involving at least 2 EN sites, and 59% (n=44) had BM involvement. The most common pathologic diagnoses were peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS; 24%, n=18), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL; 17%, n=13), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL; 17%, n=13), and mycosis fungoides (MF; 12%, n=9) (Figure 1A). First-line systemic therapy for TCL included anthracyclines for 72% (n=54). Autologous and allogenic transplants were performed prior to CNSr in 12% (n=9) and 8% (n=6) of patients, respectively. Prior to CNSr, 48% (n=36) had non-CNS relapse. Some form of CNS prophylaxis was used during initial systemic lymphoma therapy in 24% of patients (n=18), predominantly intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX; n=16). Median time from TCLd to CNSr was 8.5mo, though this was significantly longer in MF (46.8mo [range 17.5-187.7]) versus PTCL, NOS (7.6mo [range 1.1-58.4], P=0.0002), AITL (21.2mo [range 2.0-61.6, P=0.008), and ATLL (7.3mo [range 0.7-46.4], P=0.0005) (Figure 1B). CNSr developed within 6mo of TCLd in 31% of patients (n=23) and within 12mo in 57% (n=43). Symptoms related to CNSr occurred in 71% of patients (n=53). CNSr patterns were 61% leptomeningeal (n=46), 21% parenchymal (n=16), and 17% both (n=13) with no significant survival difference between leptomeningeal or parenchymal disease alone (HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.78-2.70, P=0.28). Concomitant systemic relapse was observed in 59% of patients (n=44). The most common CNS-directed therapy for CNSr was IT MTX (56%; n=42), though multiple different IT and/or systemic regimens were used. Patients received a median of 1 line of CNS-directed treatment (range 0-5). The overall response rate to initial CNS directed treatment was 32% (16% CR, 16% PR). Median follow up after CNSr was 40.7mo. At last follow up, 83% had died (n=62). Median OS after CNSr was 4.6mo (range 0.1-68.7) (Figure 1C). Those with ATLL had the shortest median OS after CNSr (2.7mo) versus 6.3mo in MF (HR 3.69, 95% CI 1.44-9.42, P=0.005), 6.5mo in AITL (HR 2.16, 95% CI 0.92-5.06, P=0.054), and 4.8mo in PTCL, NOS (HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.70-3.19, P=0.27) (Figure 1D). The most common cause of death was progressive lymphoma (77%; n=48). Conclusions This is to our knowledge the largest series of CNSr in TCL to date. Most CNSr occurred within 12mo, though CNSr occurred later in patients with MF. Although the prognosis after CNSr was generally poor, we found that median OS in CNSr was longer than previously reported, perhaps reflecting more effective treatments for CNS and systemic relapse, inclusion of MF, or lead time bias. Further analysis of the impact of different treatment strategies and outcomes in CNSr was limited by the small sample size and heterogeneity within our cohort, and future analyses in a larger cohort should focus on factors associated with outcomes. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Horwitz: ADC Therapeutics, Affimed, Aileron, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Forty Seven, Inc., Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Millennium /Takeda, Seattle Genetics, Trillium Therapeutics, and Verastem/SecuraBio.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Aileron: Research Funding; Acrotech Biopharma, Affimed, ADC Therapeutics, Astex, Merck, Portola Pharma, C4 Therapeutics, Celgene, Janssen, Kura Oncology, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Myeloid Therapeutics, ONO Pharmaceuticals, Seattle Genetics, Shoreline Biosciences, Inc, Takeda, Trillium Th: Consultancy; Celgene: Research Funding; C4 Therapeutics: Consultancy; Crispr Therapeutics: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding; Forty Seven, Inc.: Research Funding; Kura Oncology: Consultancy; Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium/Takeda: Research Funding; Myeloid Therapeutics: Consultancy; ONO Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Secura Bio: Consultancy; Shoreline Biosciences, Inc.: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Trillium Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Tubulis: Consultancy; Verastem/Securabio: Research Funding. Bennani: Purdue Pharma: Other: Advisory Board; Daichii Sankyo Inc: Other: Advisory Board; Kyowa Kirin: Other: Advisory Board; Vividion: Other: Advisory Board; Kymera: Other: Advisory Board; Verastem: Other: Advisory Board. Chavez: AstraZeneca: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merk: Research Funding; MorphoSys, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Genentech, Kite, a Gilead Company, and Epizyme: Speakers Bureau; MorphoSys, Bayer, Karyopharm, Kite, a Gilead Company, Novartis, Janssen, AbbVie, TeneoBio, and Pfizer: Consultancy; BMS: Speakers Bureau. Sokol: Dren Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kyowa-Kirin: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Saeed: Nektar Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: research investigator; MEI Pharma Inc: Consultancy, Other: investigator; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Other: investigator; MorphoSys AG: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Consultancy; sano-aventis U.S.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, LP: Consultancy, Other: investigator; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Other: investigator; Other-TG therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: investigator; Other-Epizyme, Inc.: Consultancy; Other-Secura Bio, Inc.: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Mehta-Shah: Kiowa Hakko Kirin: Consultancy; C4 Therapeutics: Consultancy; Verastem: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Ono Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Secura Bio: Consultancy, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Innate Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Roche/Genentech: Research Funding; Corvus Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Olszewski: TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; PrecisionBio: Research Funding; Celldex Therapeutics: Research Funding; Acrotech Pharma: Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Research Funding; Genmab: Research Funding. Allen: Epizyme: Consultancy; MorphoSys: Consultancy; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy; Secure Bio: Consultancy; Kyowa Kirin: Consultancy. Gerson: Abbvie: Consultancy; Kite: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Landsburg: Triphase: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Curis: Research Funding; ADCT: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: DSMB member; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Morphosys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Schuster: Adaptive Biotechnologies: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Genentech/Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Tessa Theraputics: Consultancy; Juno Theraputics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Loxo Oncology: Consultancy; BeiGene: Consultancy; Alimera Sciences: Consultancy; Acerta Pharma/AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Nordic Nanovector: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; TG Theraputics: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Svoboda: Atara: Consultancy; Adaptive: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Imbrium: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genmab: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; TG: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Barta: Kyowa Kirin: Honoraria; Acrotech: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Seagen: Honoraria.