Purpose Although the Resistance Training Skills Battery (RTSB) is a well-established instrument for assessing resistance training (RT) skill competency in Western populations, its applicability to Chinese adolescents remains unvalidated. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapted, and validated the RTSB for Mandarin-speaking Chinese adolescents. Methods Employing established guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation, our study involved translating the RTSB into Chinese (RTSB-C), followed by back-translation, adaptation, and validation. The study quantified test-retest reliability, intra- and inter-rater reliability, and construct validity. Adolescents aged 12–16 years (n = 64) underwent two RTSB-C assessments, two weeks apart. Muscular fitness was evaluated using muscle fitness tests (handgrip strength, timed push-up, and countermovement jumps) to establish criterion validity. Results The RTSB-C demonstrated fair to excellent test-retest reliability across the two timepoints, the intra-class coefficient (ICC) for the RTSB-C was notably high at 0.94 (95% CI [0.90–0.95]); The intra-rater reliability was 0.94 (p < 0.001), and inter-rater reliability was 0.41–0.93 (p < 0.05). Construct validity was confirmed through linear regression analysis, with the model accounting for 46.8% of the variance in muscle fitness scores (MFS), and with gender (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and RTSB-C scores (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) emerging as significant predictors. Conclusions We successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted the RTSB from English to Chinese, affirming its reliability and validity in assessing the RT skills of Chinese-speaking adolescents. The RTSB-C is recommended for accurate evaluation of RT competence in this demographic.

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis systematically evaluates the influence of small-sided game (SSG) on the counter-movement jump (CMJ) height and 20-meter sprint capabilities of handball players.MethodsSystematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) databases were performed up to February 2024.ResultsA total of 8 studies with 184 participants were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in CMJ (cm) in handball players (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) = −1.06, 95% CI[−1.99, −0.12], Z = 2.22, P = 0.03). For the 20 m sprint capability, the results were WMD = −0.07, 95% CI[−0.14, 0.01], Z = 1.82, P = 0.07. Subgroup analysis by age: ≥19 years old WMD = −0.02, 95% CI[−0.08, 0.03], and <19 years old WMD = −0.10, 95% CI[−0.21, 0.00], indicating no significant impact on the 20-m (s) performance improvement. Gender subgroup analysis showed male WMD = −0.01, 95% CI[−0.08,0.07] and female WMD = −0.11, 95%CI[−0.19, −0.03; P < 0.05], suggesting better improvement in females.ConclusionThe present study reveals that SSG training has varying impacts on 20 m sprint performance among handball players of different ages and genders. Specifically, there is no significant improvement in the 20 m sprint performance between players aged <19 and ≥19, while female players show greater improvement in the 20-m (s) compared to male players. These differences could be attributed to the physiological, psychological, and adaptive training differences between athletes of different ages and genders. Although SSG plays an essential role in training handball players, particularly in enhancing lower limb explosive strength and overall game performance, it is recommended to combine SSG with other targeted strength and explosive power training to maximize the enhancement of lower limb explosive power in handball players. Comprehensive training can effectively improve the lower limb explosive strength of athletes while also addressing the development of other key athletic qualities to achieve the best training outcomes. Therefore, coaches should fully consider the individual differences and training needs of athletes when designing training plans, and reasonably allocate the proportion and sequence of SSG with other training methods to maximize training effectiveness.

Mixed martial arts' popularity has increased in recent years, alongside descriptive research and evidence-based performance recommendations. Guidelines for (both chronic and acute) weight making exist; however, how these translate in real-life scenarios and detailed investigations on practices in larger groups deserve attention. The present study examined the body mass (BM) and composition of 33 professional mixed martial arts athletes preparing for 80 fights. Athletes were supported by on-site dietitians, who encouraged evidence-based practices. Fasted BM was measured throughout the last ∼10 days before all bouts (acute weight management phase). A subset of athletes had body composition assessed before and after the chronic weight loss phase for 40 fights. Most athletes engaged in chronic BM loss, and all engaged in acute weight loss. Many lost fat-free mass (FFM) during the chronic phase, with rates of BM loss <0.5% best preserving FFM. Regardless of losses, the present athletes possessed greater FFM than other combat sport athletes and engaged in greater acute weight loss. Dehydration in the 24-48 hr before the weigh-in was not reflective of weight regain after the weigh-in, rather BM 7-10 days before the weigh-in was most reflective. These findings suggest that many mixed martial arts athletes could increase FFM at the time of competition by maintaining leaner physiques outside of competition and/or allowing increased time to reduce BM chronically. Acutely, athletes can utilize evidence-based protocols, eliminating carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, and finally fluid in a staged approach, before the weigh-in, reducing the amount of sweating required, thus theoretically better protecting health and preserving performance.

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目的:对比跳深(drop jump,DJ)动作中髋、膝、踝关节之间在生物力学指标上的差异,探究下肢关节生物力学指标与跳深动作表现指标之间的关系,明确影响跳深动作表现指标的下肢关节生物力学因素.方法:招募16名运动等级为一级及以上的男子短跑运动员完成0.45 m落地高度跳深动作测试并同步采集三维运动学和动力学数据.结果:1)高水平男子短跑运动员跳深动作中髋、膝和踝关节在力矩、负功率、正功率、负功、正功以及刚度(stiffness)指标上的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);2)踝关节跖屈力矩和膝关节刚度对地面接触时间的影响(调整R2=0.801,P=0.011)、膝关节正功对腾空高度的影响(调整R2=0.677,P＜0.001)、踝关节正功率对平均功率输出的影响(调整R2= 0.554,P＜0.001)、膝关节刚度和踝关节正功率对反应力量指数的影响(调整R2=0.842,P=0.004)均具有统计学意义.结论:高水平男子短跑运动员在完成跳深动作时,膝关节刚度主要影响跳深动作离心阶段动作时间,而踝关节跖屈力矩和正功率主要影响跳深动作向心阶段动作时间,进而导致跳深动作完成时间和反应力量的差异;膝关节正功和踝关节正功率作为主要功率来源可调控跳深动作的腾空高度和力学功率输出.

This study examined the reliability of a tennis stroke classification and assessment platform consisting of a single low-cost MEMS sensor in a wrist-worn wearable device, smartphone, and computer. The data that was collected was transmitted via Bluetooth and analyzed by machine learning algorithms. Twelve right-handed male elite tennis athletes participated in the study, and each athlete performed 150 strokes. The results from three machine learning algorithms regarding their recognition and classification of the real-time data stream were compared. Stroke recognition and classification went through pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification with Support Vector Machine (SVM), including SVM without normalization, SVM with Min–Max, SVM with Z-score normalization, K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and Naive Bayes (NB) machine learning algorithms. During the data training process, 10-fold cross-validation was used to avoid overfitting and suitable parameters were found within the SVM classifiers. The best classifier was achieved when C = 1 using the RBF kernel function. Different machine learning algorithms’ classification of unique stroke types yielded highly reliable clusters within each stroke type with the highest test accuracy of 99% achieved by SVM with Min–Max normalization and 98.4% achieved using SVM with a Z-score normalization classifier.

Apply It! From this article, the reader should be able to • Identify top 20 fitness trends for Australia, Brazil, China, Europe, Mexico, Spain, and the United States. • Recognize individual and unique fitness trends represented within Australia, Brazil, China, Europe, Mexico, Spain, and the United States.

等长大腿中部拉(Isometric Mid-thigh Pull,IMTP)是一种多关节等长测试,常用于评价运动员的下肢力量和爆发力水平.近年来,随着测试设备的便携化,IMTP测试在国际竞技体育领域的广泛应用.对国外相关文献的梳理与总结表明,IMTP测试相较于传统动态测试与单关节等长测试有着简单高效且不易疲劳的特点,通过分析IMTP测试力——时间曲线得到的峰值力、发力率和冲量等指标信度较高,并与力量、爆发力、冲刺与变向等动态运动能力之间呈中度至高度相关关系.教练员和科研人员可以通过IMTP测试评价运动员的运动能力并监控其训练过程,准确掌握运动员的身体状态和对训练刺激的适应程度,并据此优化训练方案以进一步提升运动员的运动能力.

In this study a single wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) and machine learning methodologies were used to conduct player level evaluation and classification five prototype tennis strokes in real-time. The International Tennis Number (ITN) test was used to verify the accuracy of this IoT system in evaluating participant level. We conducted the ITN test on thirty-six participants and conducted one-way ANOVA on the ITN test results using IBM SPSS 26. The IMU in this study contained a tri-axis accelerometer (+/- 16 g) and tri-axis gyroscope (+/- 2000 degrees /s) worn on the participants wrist connected to a wireless low-energy Bluetooth smart-phone with data sent to the computer terminal by cloud storage. Data processing including preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and classification using Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) and Naive Bayes (NB) algorithms. One-way ANOVA analysis predicting participants ITN level and ITN field test scores yielded p < 0.001 at the three different skill levels tested. SVM (MinMax), SVM (Standardiser) and SVM (MaxAbsScaler) classified unique tennis strokes precision and recall factors at the three different skill levels reliably yielded in f1-scores above 0.90 for serve, forehand and backhand, with f1-scores for forehand and backhand volley scores falling below that. The results of this study suggest using a single six-axial 50 Hz IMU in combination with SVM and SVM + PCA represents a significant step towards a more reliable wearable tennis stroke performance and skill level real-time evaluation and feedback technology.

对健身趋势的预测能够为健身领域的企业主、俱乐部管理人员、课程研发人员、健身从业人员制定来年计划提供参考.2020年8月1日-31日面向国内健身从业人员进行了在线问卷调查.对3368份有效问卷的分析表明,排名前20的2021年中国健身趋势分别为减重运动、健康饮食、运动与健康从业人士培训与认证、青少年体育、有氧健身、核心训练、私人训练、功能性健身、健康指导、健身专业人士的许可、运动损伤预防与康复、自由负重力量训练、户外活动、运动即良医、雇用认证健身专业人士、自重训练、健身结果测量、生活方式医学、小团体私人训练、移动设备运动APP.减重相关和经由行业机构推荐的健身趋势排名靠前,不同人群对应的健身趋势存在共性与差异.建议未来立足国内健身行业制定本土化调查问卷,并考虑按人群开展健身趋势调查.

本文旨在研究青年篮球运动员变向能力与直线速度、力量和爆发力之间的相关性以及性别差异.方法:本研究对31名青年篮球运动员(男子17名,女子14名)进行传统5-0-5变向测试和20 m冲刺、深蹲最大力量、垂直纵跳、助跑摸高等测试,并计算变向赤字.结果:男子篮球运动员变向赤字占比显著高于女子篮球运动员;男子、女子篮球运动员5-0-5测试时间与变向赤字均呈正相关;男子篮球运动员5-0-5测试时间、变向赤字与体重呈正相关,与深蹲体重比、垂直纵跳及助跑摸高净高度呈负相关;女子篮球运动员5-0-5左侧测试时间与垂直纵跳及助跑摸高净高度呈负相关,5-0-5左侧变向赤字与助跑摸高净高度呈负相关.结论:青年男子篮球运动员变向能力与体重呈正相关,与下肢相对力量、下肢爆发力呈负相关,而青年女子篮球运动员变向能力仅与下肢爆发力呈负相关,且呈现出左右侧肢体差异.此外,对于青年男子篮球运动员来说,仅用5-0-5测试可能无法准确评价其变向能力,推荐使用变向赤字作为其变向能力的评价方法;对青年女子篮球运动员来说,5-0-5测试与变向赤字均可以作为其变向能力的评价方法.

我国40名青年体育学者以本土情怀和全球视野对我国运动训练学的现状和未来进行思考,达成共识.在梳理"运动训练学"在不同语种中相关概念的基础上,从学科内涵、研究范式、研究问题和面临挑战4个方面介绍世界运动训练学的学科现状,从学科队伍、人才培养、科学研究、实践应用和国际交流等5个方面分析我国运动训练学的学科现状.认为,未来我国运动训练学发展应拓展学科国际视野,调整学科人才培养方式,完善学科研究范式,加强学科成果转化,强化学科价值应用.提出:"运动训练学"可对应国外的"Sports Science"和"Trainingswissenschaft",是以提升运动员竞技表现为目的、整合运用竞技体育相关学科的科学原理和方法的一门体育科学下属学科门类;"科学化"是我国运动训练学未来发展的主要路径和必然趋势,我国运动训练学将从学科诞生50周年这一历史节点开启科学化发展的新时代.

等长大腿中部拉(Isometric Mid-thigh Pull,IMTP)测试近年来在国际竞技体育的应用越发广泛.通过分析IMTP测试力-时间曲线得到的峰值力、发力率和冲量等指标具有较高的信度,并与力量、爆发力、冲刺和变向等动态运动表现之间呈中度至高度相关关系.然而,相关研究中模棱两可或相互矛盾的研究结果在一定程度上影响了IMTP测试的应用.对国外相关文献的梳理与总结表明,采样频率、身体姿势、语言提示、基线测量、信号处理、力-时间曲线分析等方法学因素均会影响IMTP测试和分析过程,进而影响测试的准确性和研究的可重复性.因此,在进行IMTP测试时应选择信效度较高的测试方法,并在研究中报道所使用的具体方法以确保后续研究的可重复性.此外,对于一些具有争议的方法学因素仍需进一步研究加以证实,为更准确地评估与监控运动员并提高其运动成绩奠定基础.

The study conducted the online survey of fitness professionals in education, training, commercial, community, clinical, and corporate field, trying to predict the fitness trends in China in the coming year.The results demonstrate that the China fitness trends in 2019 are strength training, exercise for weight loss, personal training, group training, boutique fitness studios, youth sport, yoga, core training, pregnancy/post-natal classes, barbell training, dance-based work-outs, mobility/myofascial devices, boxing/kick-boxing and martial arts, body weight training, high intensity interval training, walking/running/jogging clubs, Pilates, small group personal training, square dancing, and outdoor activities.There are similarities (9 identical trends) and differences (11 different trends) between the 2019 China and worldwide fitness trends.Strength training, exercise for weight loss, personal training, group training, yoga, and outdoor activities seem to be relatively stable and robust trends in China.The 2019 China fitness trends can provide reference for national fitness industry in fitness programming, device developing, and professionals cultivating, etc.

Background Recently, much attention has been paid to the role of neuromuscular function in long-distance running performance. Complex Training (CT) is a combination training method that alternates between performing heavy resistance exercises and plyometric exercises within one single session, resulting in great improvement in neuromuscular adaptation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CT vs. heavy resistance training (HRT) on strength and power indicators, running economy (RE), and 5-km performance in well-trained male distance runners. Methods Twenty-eight well-trained male distance runners (19–23 years old, VO2max:65.78 ± 4.99 ml.kg−1.min−1) performed one pre-test consisting of: maximum strength (1RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) height, peak power, a drop jump (DJ), and RE assessments, and blood lactate concentration (BLa) measurement at the speeds from 12–16 km.h−1, a 50-m sprint, and a 5-km running performance test. They were then divided into 3 groups: complex training group (CT, n = 10), that performed complex training and endurance training; heavy resistance training group (HRT, n = 9) that performed heavy strength training and endurance training; and control group (CON, n = 9) that performed strength-endurance training and endurance training. After the 8 weeks training intervention, all participants completed a post-test to investigate the training effects on the parameters measured. Results After training intervention, both the CT and HRT groups had improvements in: 1RM strength (16.88%, p < 0.001; 18.80%, p < 0.001, respectively), CMJ height (11.28%, p < 0.001; 8.96%, p < 0.001, respectively), 14 km.h−1RE (−7.68%, p < 0.001; −4.89%, p = 0.009, respectively), 50-m sprints (−2.26%, p = 0.003; −2.14%, p = 0.007, respectively) and 5-km running performance (−2.80%, p < 0.001; −2.09%, p < 0.001, respectively). The CON group did not show these improvements. All three training groups showed improvement in the 12 km.h−1RE (p ≤ 0.01). Only the CT group exhibited increases in DJ height (12.94%, p < 0.001), reactive strength index (19.99%, p < 0.001), 16 km.h−1 RE (−7.38%, p < 0.001), and a reduction of BLa concentrations at the speed of 16 km.h−1 (−40.80%, p < 0.001) between pre- and post-tests. Conclusion This study demonstrated that CT can enhance 1RM strength, CMJ height, 12 and 14 km.h−1REs, 50-m sprints and 5-km running performances in well-trained male distance runners and may be superior to HRT for the development of reactive strength and 16 km.h−1RE, and reduction of BLa concentrations at speed of 16 km.h−1. Young male distance runners could integrate CT into their programs to improve the running performance.

Apply It! • Nation specificity of fitness trends should be considered by international fitness organizations or companies when making strategic plans in other countries. • Ten trends can be recognized as the current stable trends within the health/fitness industry in China.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D status (VITD) has been related to impaired skeletal muscle function, and may be associated with recovery after muscle injury. Limited data exists on the relationship between VITD concentrations, muscle damage and inflammatory markers from an acute bout of exercise. PURPOSE: Examine the effect of VITD concentrations on acute physiological responses and recovery indices from resistance exercise. METHODS: 15 resistance trained men (24±4 y) with at least 2 years of resistance training experience volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were grouped into a low 25(OH)-VITD (LVD; 26.7±1.7 ng·ml-1; n=7) or high 25(OH)-VITD (HVD; 37.2±7.2 ng·ml-1; n=8) group based upon baseline (BL) 25(OH)-VITD concentrations. Participants performed 8 sets of 10-12 repetitions at 70% of the maximal strength of the squat exercise, with 75 s of rest between sets. Performance [counter movement jump (CMJP), endocrine (testosterone [T] and cortisol [C]), inflammatory (IL-6 and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK] and myoglobin [MB]) assessments were performed at BL, 30-min, 24-h, 48-h and 72-h post-exercise. Data was analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. To complement this procedure, magnitude based inferences were used to provide additional interpretation of the differences that VITD concentrations may have had on the recovery response. RESULTS: No significant interactions were noted between LVD and HVD in CMJP (p=0.26), C (p=0.97), T (p=0.21), CRP (p=0.30), IL-6 (p=0.58) or CK (p=0.16) responses to the exercise protocol. However, a significant interaction was observed in MB (p=0.05) responses. Although post-hoc analyses failed to see any significant differences between the groups at any time point, inferential analysis indicated that MB concentrations was “likely” higher at 30-min for LVD (87.2±57.4 ng·ml-1) than HVD (51.3±21.9 ng·ml-1). CRP levels were “likely” lower at 24-h (549±373 mg·L-1 vs.1344±1654 mg·L-1) and 48-h (565±386 mg·L-1 vs.1079±1077 mg·L-1) for HVD. Inferences for all other comparisons were unclear. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that HVD provides a degree of resiliency towards acute muscle damage and enhances recovery of high velocity resistance exercise compared to LVD. Further research using greater sample size appears warranted.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method of identifying vagal and sympathetic control of heart rate via time‐domain and frequency‐domain measures. Caffeine has shown to enhance autonomic responsiveness by increasing parasympathetic influence, however a time‐release caffeine supplement has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of a time‐release caffeine supplement on HRV over 8 hours. METHODS Ten men (25.9 ± 3.2 y; 1.81 ± 0.08 m; 92.9 ± 9.9 kg), who were habitual caffeine users (>200mg/day), volunteered to participate in an acute randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Participants performed three trials with seven days between each trial. During each trial, participants randomly consumed either 194 mg of caffeine in a multi‐ingredient supplement containing time‐release caffeine (TR‐CAF); a regular caffeine supplement (CAF); or a placebo (PL). Participants reported to the lab at 0800 hour following an 8‐hour fast and having abstained from caffeine. HRV was assessed for 10 min via Polar heart rate monitor with the participant lying in the supine position during baseline, before supplementation, and each hour during each 8 hour trial. Time‐domain [mean standard deviation of all normal‐to‐normal (NN) intervals (SDNN in ms), root mean square of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD in ms), the number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms within the entire recording (NN50), the proportion of NN50 count relative to the total number of all NN intervals (pNN50)] and frequency‐domain [low frequency (LF in ms 2 ), high frequency (HF in ms 2 ), total power (in ms 2 ), LF/HF, an index of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS=HF/total power) measures were recorded. A two‐way [trial (CAF vs. TR‐CAF vs. PL) × time (BL, 1hr, 2hr, 3hr, 4hr, 5hr, 6hr, 7hr, 8hr)] RMANOVA was used to assess all HRV parameters. RESULTS A significant interaction was noted for PNS ( p = .045). Post‐hoc analyses revealed elevations in PNS influence occurred in both TR‐CAF (0.27 ± 0.12, p = .045) and CAF (0.29 ± 0.16, p = .009) compared to PL (0.18 ± 0.08) at hour 6 and hour 7 in TR‐CAF (0.34 ± 0.15, p = .018) compared to PL (0.23 ± 0.13). There were significant main effects of time for RMSSD ( p = .021) and pNN50 ( p = .012). DISCUSSION Both caffeine supplements increased parasympathetic influences within the autonomic nervous system over an 8‐hour span. However, the time‐release caffeine supplement appeared to have a slightly longer lasting effect on parasympathetic influence than regular caffeine. Overall, caffeine in the concentrations ingested in this study increases vagal stimulation, but has no effect on other elements of HRV in habitual caffeine users.

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been demonstrated to have an important role in neuronal remodeling and modulating synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release. Acute elevations in BDNF concentrations have been seen following resistance exercise (RE), however knowledge regarding the training response from different resistance training protocols is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine changes in circulating BDNF concentrations at rest and in response to exercise following 8‐weeks of resistance training in experienced, resistance trained men. Twenty resistance trained men were randomly assigned to either a high intensity (HI; n=10, 22.6±2.3 y; 87.0±15.1 kg; 1.79±0.05m) or high volume (HV; n=10, 24.5±2.6 y; 89.5±12.9 kg; 1.66±0.34m) training protocol. Power outputs were determined by a linear velocity transducer attached to the barbell during one repetition maximum (1RM) assessment of the bench press (BP) and squat (SQT) exercises. Prior to the 8‐week resistance training program (PRE), participants performed an acute bout of exercise using either the HI (3–5 reps; 90% 1‐RM) or HV (10–12 reps; 70% 1‐RM) training paradigm. The acute exercise protocol was repeated following the 8‐week training program (POST). Blood samples were obtained prior to (BL), immediately (IP), 30 min (30P) and 60 min (60P) post‐exercise at PRE and POST. Area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCi) was determined using the trapezoidal method and subtracting the distance from baseline at all measurements. Raw data were square root transformed due to non‐normality. Data was analyzed using a training x group repeated measures ANOVA, and bivariate relationships were examined using Pearson product‐moment correlations. No significant main effects for training (p=0.408) or significant (p=0.483) interactions were observed for AUCi. However, a significant main effect for group (p=0.044) was observed. Post hoc analysis demonstrated AUCi values were not significantly different between groups at PRE (p=0.339), but were at POST (p=0.032). No significant differences in circulating concentrations for resting BDNF or in the training response was noted following 8‐week training program for either HI or HV. However, significant correlations were noted between the change in BDNF AUCi and the change in peak power output during the BP exercise (r=0.594, p=0.006) and the change in relative peak power BP (r=0.600, p=0.005). The results of this study indicated that 8‐weeks of resistance training did not alter BL or the AUCi response of BDNF to an acute bout of resistance exercise in resistance trained men. However, an acute HV bout elicited significantly higher BDNF AUCi as compared to HI after 8 weeks of training but not before. In addition, changes in BDNF AUCi appear to be related to changes in power output during the BP exercise only.

Resistance training is known to improve muscular strength and power, though it is unclear how training volume and intensity will affect their improvement in experienced, resistance trained men. PURPOSE: Compare the effect of training volume and intensity on changes in lower body maximal strength, isometric force, and power in experienced, resistance trained men. METHODS: Following a 2-wk preparatory phase, 29 experienced, resistance trained men completed pre-testing (PRE) measures of rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) activation and power output during a one repetition maximum (1RM) squat (SQ) assessment. During testing, peak (PSP) and mean (MSP) squat power was determined by a linear force transducer attached to the barbell, while muscle activation was assessed via surface electromyography at weight corresponding to 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the SQ 1RM. Peak isometric force (PIF) and rate of force development (RFD) were tested by an isometric mid-thigh pull. Participants were then matched for relative squat strength and randomly selected to complete either a low intensity, high volume (VOL, n = 14, 4x 10-12RM, 1min rest) or low volume, high intensity (INT, n = 15, 4 x 3-5RM, 3min rest) resistance training program. Participants completed post-testing following 8 wks (4 d · wk-1) of training. RESULTS: Paired-samples comparisons indicated that both groups increased 1RM SQ (VOL: 19.3 ± 9.4%, p < 0.001; INT: 16.4 ± 8.8%, p < 0.001), MSP at 100% (VOL: 14.9 ± 11.9%, p < 0.001; INT: 9.7 ± 12.3%, p = 0.030), and reduced RF activation at 100% (VOL: -23.1 ± 27.1%, p = 0.009; INT: -20.2 ± 21.8%, p = 0.005). Exclusive improvements for INT included increased VL activation during maximal SQ (19.7 ± 19.7%, p = 0.003) and PIF (7.8 ± 6.2%, p < 0.001), while VOL increased PSP at 80% 1RM (9.0 ± 15.6%, p = 0.038) and reduced RF activation at 60% (-15.6 ± 30.1%, p = 0.039). RFD did not improve in either group. Analysis of covariance, controlling for PRE, indicated that the RF activation reduction at 60% was significantly (p = 0.020) different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In resistance trained men, greater training intensity may be more beneficial for performance at maximal loads, while greater training volume may positively influence performance at submaximal loads.