[目的]了解宣威市梅毒流行趋势及流行特点，为制定控制对策提供科学依据。[方法]对2005－2013年宣威市传染病疫情中的梅毒病例报告资料进行流行病学分析。[结果]宣威市2005-2013年共报告梅毒1038例，年平均发病率7.69/10万；发病率呈上升趋势，报告发病率从2005年的1.28/10万上升至2013年的12.49/10万；近年来男性报告发病率有所下降，女性报告发病率仍呈上升趋势，女性报告发病率均高于男性，男女性别比为1：1.35；高发年龄组为20～49岁性活跃人群，占报告发病总数71.68%；重点人群是农民、家务待业人员和离退人员；近年来隐性梅毒上升较快，其它梅毒有所下降，梅毒患者中隐性梅毒居多占67.24%，隐性梅毒中女性报告发病数高于男性。[结论]宣威市梅毒流行呈上升趋势，应针对梅毒疫情的特点，采取有力措施，加强防治工作，遏制梅毒的流行。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Xuanwei,Yunan province,during 2009-2012.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of hand foot and mouth disease in Xuanwei during this period.Results A total of 1503 HFMD cases were reported,the annual incidence was 25.45/lakh.HFMD became the 1st leading infectious disease in 2011 and 2012,while it was the 9th leading infectious disease in 2009.The incidence increased with year from 2009 to 2011.In 2011,the incidence was 42.26/lakh,which was significantly higher than that in 2010(17.23/lakh).More townships and communities were affected over time,and 4 communities in urban area had high case numbers.More cases occurred in males than in females(χ2=76.47,P0.001) and the cases were mainly reported among children.The incidence peak was observed during May-June.Conclusion HFMD has become an important public health concern in Xuanwei.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of the oven improvement and prevalence of the dental fluorosis among children aged from 8 to 12 in coal-burning related endemic fluorosis areas of Xuanwei county,in 2005,and to provide scientific basis for endemic fluorosis control.Methods The dental fluorosis in children was examined with Dean's Index in 51 light endemic fluorosis areas which were identified in Xuanwei in 1987.Results 9 449 children aged from 8 to 12 were examined.The prevalence of dental fluorosis varied significantly among different areas with a highest rate of 52.74%,and was over 30.00% in 7 villages.The number of lightly prevalent areas had been reduced from 51 in 1987to 7 currently.According to Dean's Index,only one village was ensured to have moderate prevalence,10 villages were ensured to be light prevalence,12 have slight prevalence,and the other 28 villages were negative.There was no significant difference in dental fluorosis prevalence among different age groups(x2=4.35,P=0.361) and between male and females(x2=0.69,P=0.407).No skeletal fluorosis cases were reported.Conclusions The epidemic situation of fluorosis had been controlled significantly after implementing of stove improvement.The main strategies and methods for preventing the endemic fluorosis include stove improvement and health education in fluorosis endemic area in Xuanwei.

Objective:To observe the effect of Shegan Mahuang drug-pair on airway inflammation and peripheral blood Thl/Th2 balance in OVA-induced asthmatic Balb/c mice.Method:80 female Balb/c mice were divided into 8 groups randomly,namely the normal control group,the asthmatic model group,the dexamethasone group,the Shegan group,the Mahuang group,and the drug-pair groups with different proportions of Shegan and Mahuang(n = 10 in each group).Asthmatic mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin.After the treatment,the number of eosinophil and leucoyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were counted.The ELISA was employed to detect the contents of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13 and IFN-γin peripheral blood,and the inflammatory state in lung tissue was evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.Result:The levels of eosinophils and leucoyte in BALF were declined in drug-pair groups.The levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13 in peripheral blood were reduced while IFN-γwas increased in drugpair groups,which showed significant differences when compared with the Shegan group and Mahuang group.Conclusion:Shegan Mahuang drug-pair could be applied to treat asthma by relieving the asthmatic symptoms,decreasing airway inflammation and modulating the Thl/Th2 imbalance.

A sensitive and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and partially validated to evaluate the quality of Semen Cassiae (Cassia obtusifolia L.) through simultaneous determination of 11 anthraquinones and two naphtha-γ-pyrone compounds. The analysis was achieved on a Poroshell 120 EC-C(18) column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm; Agilent, Palo Alto, CA, USA) with gradient elution using a mobile phase that consisted of acetonitrile-water (30 mM ammonium acetate) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. For quantitative analysis, all calibration curves showed perfect linear regression (r(2) > 0.99) within the testing range. This method was also validated with respect to precision and accuracy, and was successfully applied to quantify the 13 components in nine batches of Semen Cassiae samples from different areas. The performance of developed method was compared with that of conventional high-performance liquid chromatography method. The significant advantages of the former include high-speed chromatographic separation, four times faster than high-performance liquid chromatography with conventional columns, and great enhancement in sensitivity. This developed method provided a new basis for overall assessment on quality of Semen Cassiae.

AIM To study the pharmacokinetics of isoflavonids in rat plasma after oral administration of Belamcandae Rhizoma extract or combination of Belamcandae Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba extract.METHODS Twelve rats were randomly divided into two groups,Belamcandae Rhizoma group and Belamcandae Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba combination group.Then an UHPLC-MS/MS method was established for the determination of tectorigenin,irigenin and irisflorentin collected from rat plasma.RESULTS The experiment showed the t1/2 were 3.06 h for tectorigenin,3.62 h for irigenin and 3.64 h for irisflorentin,the maximum plasma concentration(Cmax) were 132.66 ng/mL for tectorigenin,288.38 ng/mL for irigenin and 165.13 ng/mL for irisflorentin and the AUC(0t) were 1 149.88 μg·h/L for tectorigenin,1 158.91 μg·h/L for irigenin and 573.41 μg·h/L for irisflorentin in Belamcandae Rhizoma group.While the t1/2 were 3.82 h for tectorigenin,3.78 h for irigenin and 3.93 h for irisflorentin,the Cmax were 131.65 ng/mL for tectorigenin,250.8 ng/mL for irigenin and 144.41 ng/mL for irisflorentin,and the AUC(0t) were 1 410.652 μg·h/L for tectorigenin,1 940.669 μg·h/L for irigenin and 727.701 μg·h/L for irisflorentin in Belamcandae Rhizoma and Ephedra Herba combination group,respectively.The Tmax were all at 0.25 h.CONCLUSION As compared with Belamcandae Rhizoma group,the combination of Ephedra Herba and Belamcandae Rhizoma can increase the t1/2 of tectorigenin,the AUC(0t) of all of the three components and the Cmax of irigenin and irisflorentin.

[Objective]To understand the status of health examination of occupational groups in Xuanwei City during 2008-2010.[Methods]The occupational groups with occupational health examination were selected as the study object in 2008-2010,and the examination results were analyzed statistically.[Results]During 2008-2010,the number of enterprises participating in occupational health examination was increased from 58 to 120.The examination rate of occupational health was increased from 90.98% to 95.36%.The detection rate of suspected occupational disease was increased from 2.04% to 3.32%.The detection rate of occupational contradiction was increased from 1.41% to 4.33%.[Conclusion]The occupational health surveillance needs to be strengthenedin Xuanwei City.

Objective To optimize the process of extraction of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine from Herba Ephedra.Methods Orthogonal test L9(33) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.The content of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine was determined by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography.Results The optimum extraction condition was A1B3C1,that is,adding 14 times as much 50% ethanol containing 0.75% hydrochloric acid,extracted twice for 0.5 hour.Conclusion This extraction method is valid and feasible.

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of Belamcanda chinensis.METHODS The pure products were isolated by column chromatography of silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and ODS.RESULTS Eleven constituents were isolated from Belamcanda chinensis,and their chemical structures were elucidated as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde(1),4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyl-benzoic acid(2),resveratrol(3),apigenin(4),adenosine(5),irisfloretin(6),dichotomitin(7),iridin(8),irigenin(9),tectoridin(10) and tectorigenin(11),by NMR spectroscopic evidences.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-5 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

[Objective]To understand the health status of occupational population in Xuanwei city,and provide evidence for improving occupational disease control levels. [Methods]The occupational population received occupational health examination were selected as study objects.The results were analyzed statistically. [Results]The coal industry had the lowest actual detection rate(94.49%),and the highest detection rate of occupational diseases(4.17%);The highest one of actual detection rate was the large enterprises(98.93%);the lowest one of actual detection rate was the small enterprises(92.30%),the medium-sized enterprises had the highest detection rate of occupational diseases(5.01%);the state-owned economic enterprises had the highest actual detection rate(98.93%),and the collective economic enterprises had the highest detection rate of occupational diseases(4.39%). [Conclusion]The occupational health surveillance of the coal industry and other industries and medium-sized enterprises needs to be strengthened.

Twice industrialized application of sillica made in China was exposited,and correlation analysis data was also afforded,which sillica made in China was overmatch import-sillica in the course of flowability-activation and homogeneity in product-screening.So the imported sillica can be substituted completely by sillica made in China.

The vaporator body structure of products ADM and AHM was modified.The crystalline size was adjusted and controlled to attain similar crystal structure and uniform distributed particle size and improve products quality.

Constructed wetland has been proven efficient technology for both wastewater treatment and rescue of water resources.Compared with conventional treatment systems,it is economical,and easily operated and maintained.An integrated vertical flow constructed wetland was built in Hangzhou Botanical Garden,Zhejiang province,P.R.China,to purify eutrophic water from Jade fish-seeing pond.In order to assess the growth state of the plant in the constructed wetland,we studied the differences of physioecological characteristics of plants between a constructed wetland and Xixi wetland.Four species were growing both in both sites,including Iris tectorum,Acorus calamus,Canna indica,Salix matsudana.The plant physiological indices,such as photosynthetic curves,the transpiration rate(Tr) and the photosynthetic rate(P_(n)) under photo synthetically active radiation(PAR) 1 000 μmol/(m~(2)·s) were tested.Through the photosynthetic curves,the light compensation point(LCP),light saturation point(LSP),dark respiration rate(Rd),apparent quantum yield(AQY) and the maximum photosynthetic rate(P_(max))were calculated.Through the Tr and P_(n),the water-use-efficiency(WUE) was calculated.The photosynthesis of the plants in the constructed wetland was better than that in the Xixi wetland.The LSP values of the plants were ones of constructed wetland more than those of Xixi wetland,implicated that the plants in Xixi wetland need more light to achieve the optimal photosynthetic point.The P_(max) of plants in the constructed wetland was higher than those in the Xixi wetland.It is because(a) the constructed wetland with the sand base structure was draftier than the Xixi wetland(b) the intermittent water supply compensated the water loss defect,especially during the droughty season.Those two features kept the plant growing well.The results showed that Rd values of plants in Xixi wetland were more than those in constructed wetland plants,implicating that the plants in Xixi wetland need to consume more energy to maintain their normal physioecological state.The temperature of the environment can be a possible reason for the Rd difference as the temperature in constructed wetland is higher than the Xixi wetland.To some extent having low Rd is benefit for biomass accumulation.The WUE of Acorus calamu and Canna indica in constructed wetland was more than that in Xixi wetland,while the Iris tectorum andSalix matsudana had complicated cases.The plants in the constructed wetland didn't show lower WUE than those inXixi wetland,implying that the environment of the constructed wetland was suitable for the plants keeping a high WUE.This is benefit for the water circulation in the constructed wetland-Jade-fish-seeing-pond system.The order of the fourspecies of P_(max)and AQY were similar,that is,Salix matsudana> Canna indica> Acorus calamu> Iris tectorum.This phenomenon implied that the plant with the high photosynthetic capacity had the high transpiration rate.Furthermore,those kindsof plants had the better capacity of purify the wastewater,and can be appropriate plants planted in the constructed wetland.It isfound that the water supply system with sand base and the shade environment are suitable for plants growing.Especially in July,plants′ growing would be affected negatively by the strong sum radiations,and the declining of the soil and air moisture.The plants can conquer the water deficiency in the constructed wetland system.

For improving traditional craft,extracting molybdenum from low grade molybdenum concentrate by uncomplicated device at low cost and high recovery efficiency,to produce crystal industrial grade sodium molybdate was expounded.The environmental conservation index arrive the national standard.

The technology for molybdenum relovery from spent catalysts has been studied. By breaking through traditional technology and adopting acidizing, the extraction ratio of molybdenum was raised and industrial production was realized.

Chemical ingredient of spent catalyst which is hydrogenated and refined with FDS-4A is analyzed. The route of recovery technology : roast -alkali leaching-acidize-purify - crystallize-ammonium oxalate deposits cobalt is advanced and adopted. Cobalt and mokybdenum are successfully recovered. Economical and social benefit have been acquired. Value resources scientifically and reasonably used.