目的 了解经股静脉置入PICC堵管现状及其影响因素,为开展相关护理措施提供参考.方法 回顾性分析241例经股静脉置入PICC患者临床资料,经单因素和logistic回归分析发生导管堵管的影响因素.结果 24.07％患者发生了导管堵管,回归分析结果显示,导管堵管的独立危险因素为伴有导管脱出、首次置管、经常行走以及导管类型为耐高压材质(均P＜0.05).结论 经股静脉置入PICC堵管发生率较高,临床实践中应加强关注导管堵管的独立风险因素,并开展针对性干预或相关健康教育,降低堵管发生率.

目的:检测核仁磷酸蛋白(NPM)在健康体检者(HE)、慢性乙肝(CHB)、肝硬化(LC)及原发性肝癌(PHC)患者血浆、尿液中的表达水平并分析其临床意义.方法:选取就诊的67例体检者为正常对照组,试验组由65例CHB患者、76例乙肝后LC患者及87例乙肝相关PHC患者组成,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别检测NPM在四组受试者血、尿中的表达特征并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析诊断效能.结果:①CHB、LC及PHC组血清NPM的含量较对照组增高,在PHC组中尤其显著,表现出极显著的差异,有统计学意义(P<0.001);PHC患者血清NPM的ROC曲线AUC为0.682,其可实现50.0％的敏感度以及84.0％的特异度.②在尿标本内NPM含量方面,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).③在血清AFP阴性PHC患者中,NPM的ROC曲线AUC为0.714,其可实现72.7％的敏感度以及67.6％的特异度.结论:血清NPM在PHC患者中过表达,其特异性较好,经由与其他肿瘤标志物联合用于诊断,可在诊断筛查早期PHC方面发挥一定作用,尤其在血清AFP阴性的PHC病例中血清NPM具有潜在应用价值.

目的:观察血清胞苷尿苷鸟苷结合蛋白(CUGBP)1在体检健康者、乙型肝炎(乙肝)、肝硬化及原发性肝癌患者血液中的表达差异,探讨CUGBP1在慢性肝病不同病理阶段表达水平及与原发性肝癌的相关性及诊断价值.方法:选取体检健康者32例、乙肝患者36例、肝硬化患者39例及肝癌患者43例.通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别检测CUGBP1在受试者血清中的表达含量并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线;使用实时荧光定量(qRT)-PCR检测外周静脉血白细胞(PWBC)中CUGBP1基因相对表达含量,评价CUGBP1在原发性肝癌中的诊断意义.结果:①与体检健康者相比,乙肝、肝硬化及肝癌患者血清CUGBP1的含量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);肝癌患者血清CUGBP1的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.6285,诊断肝癌的敏感度和特异度分别为72.1％和60.7％.②PWBC中CUGBP1基因在肝癌组中的表达水平明显低于体检健康组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:原发性肝癌患者血清CUGBP1及PWBC中CUGBP1基因的表达明显减低,提示CUGBP1可能是原发性肝癌的潜在标志物,对原发性肝癌的诊断具有一定参考价值.此外,结合其他肿瘤标志物进行联合诊断,亦具有运用于原发性肝癌早期筛查的潜在价值.

目的:观察核不均一核糖核蛋白K(heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K,hnRNP K)在健康体检者、慢性乙型病毒性肝炎、肝炎后肝硬化及乙肝相关性原发性肝癌患者血液和尿液中的表达差异,探讨hnRNP K在慢性肝病不同病理阶段表达水平及与乙肝相关性原发性肝癌的相关性.方法:选取2018年8月至2018年10月我院收治的健康体检者50例、慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者43例、肝炎后肝硬化患者35例及乙肝相关性原发性肝癌患者53例,采集其空腹外周静脉血5 mL及清洁中段晨尿标本,利用ELISA分别检测hnRNP K在慢性肝病不同病理阶段血液和尿液中表达的含量,绘制ROC曲线评价hnRNP K在原发性肝癌诊断中的意义.结果:hnRNP K在慢性乙型病毒性肝炎、肝炎后肝硬化及乙肝相关性原发性肝癌患者血液、尿液中表达水平均高于健康体检者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).乙型肝炎相关性原发性肝癌患者血清hnRNP K的ROC曲线AUC为0.775,敏感度和特异度分别为76.9％和64.3％;尿液hnRNP K的ROC曲线AUC为0.652,诊断乙肝相关性原发性肝癌的敏感度和特异度分别为100％和28.6％.结论:相较于健康体检者,慢性乙型病毒性肝炎、肝炎后肝硬化及乙肝相关性原发性肝癌患者的血清、尿液中hnRNP K表达水平上调,与乙肝相关性原发性肝癌具有相关性,提示hnRNP K可能是乙肝相关性原发性肝癌的潜在标志物,对原发性肝癌的诊断具有一定参考价值.

OBJECTIVE Saussurea involucrate transfersomes was prepared to study the relationship between deposition and time of Saussurea involucrate in rats' abdominal skin and its topical pharmacokinetics.The function of transfersomes in enhancing the transdermal absorption of the encapsulated drug was investigated.METHODS The Saussurea involucrata was prepared by combining injection technique with high shear scattered method.The characteristics of prepared Saussurea involucrate transfersomes was determined including mean particle size,particle size distribution and zeta potential,respectively.The relationship between deposition and time of Saussurea involucrate in rats' abdominal skin was studied by selecting both chlorogenic acid and rutin in extracts of Saussurea involucrate as indexes with HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted by DAS.RESULTS The chlorogenic acid and rutin entrapment efficiency and drug loading of the prepared Saussurea involucrate transfersomes were 83.95%,71.90% and 4.65%,3.94% respectively.The characteristics of prepared Saussurea involucrate transfersomes including mean particle size,particle size distribution and zeta potential,was 152.6 nm,0.202 and-3.29 mV.Depositions of different time in rats' abdominal skin was studied could be fitted with the two compartment model.CONCLUSION The active ingredients of Saussurea involucrate transfersomes can permeate through the skin effectively and stay long time.

恰玛古属十字花科,作为维吾尔族常用的药食两用植物,应用非常广泛.本文从恰玛古的生药学性状及鉴别、化学成分、提取工艺以及药理作用等方面进行综述.

Objective:To study the best extraction method of gingerols from Zingiber Officinale Rost.Method:The extraction process was studied by orthogonal design with the contents of 6-gingerol that was determined by HPLC as index.Result;The best method of extraction was diacolation with 10 times 95%alcohol,firstly cold-soaking with 4 times the amount of 95%alcohol by 2 hours,then diacolating with flow rate of 1.5 BV·h~(-1).Conclusion:The extraction method for Zingiber Officinale Rost.can save time and energy and be suitable for the modern production.