In order to make the pathogenic bacteria inactivation of irradiation better on food processing , Listeria , Salmonella and e . coli O157: H7 were inoculated into tomato ,fresh-cut carrot ,packaged tofu ,nutrient broth ,blanched almonds ,blanched peanut and celery mixture ,blanched mustard green and soybean ,dried apricots ,chilled pork and frozen pork respectively ,and the influence factors ,such as irradiation dose , medium temperature ,type of strain ,medium type and packaging type ,on pathogenic bacteria inactivation were studied .The results show that different mediators and patho-genic bacteria species have great influence on pathogenic bacteria inactivation .The e . coli O157:H7 is the most sensitive (a higher sensitivity means a stronger pathogenic bacteria inactivation) ,and Salmonella is more sensitive than Listeria in most media-tors .As for the same kind of pathogenic bacteria species ,water content and component of mediator are significant factors for pathogenic bacteria inactivation . Higher water content can enhance pathogenic bacteria inactivation ,pathogenic bacteria in pork is har-der to be killed than that in vegetables .The resistance of pathogenic bacteria in freezing medium to irradiation increases , and the sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria relatively increases in the presence of oxygen .

Accumulating evidence suggests that diet could shape the host gut microbiome composition. Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal high fat diet (HFD) consumption on the gut microbiota and serum profile of mice offspring, and attempted to explore the beneficial roles of maternal probiotics intervention. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal diet, HFD or HFD with daily probiotics (B. breve DM8310, L. acidophilus DM8302, L. casei DM8121 and S. thermophilus DM8309) by gavage starting 6 weeks prior to breeding and continued throughout gestation and lactation. Pups of HFD dams had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, insulin and leptin compared to those of chow-fed dams. Maternal probiotics intervention resulted in a decrease in the lipid levels in all the pups, while the glucose, insulin and leptin levels were decreased only in adult female pups compared to those from HFD-fed dams; the decreased levels were similar to those in the pups of chow-fed dams. In line with these plasma changes, maternal HFD persistently altered the composition of the offspring gut microbiota in a sex specific way. Maternal probiotics intervention could ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis in the offspring. Such intervention showed better effects particularly for the female pups at adulthood. In conclusion, maternal HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder could persist through the adulthood of the offspring. Maternal probiotics intervention can negate the detrimental effects of maternal HFD on the gut microbiota and metabolism in the offspring in a sex specific way.

为探讨苏氨酸对蛋雏鸡生产性能和新城疫抗体效价的影响,试验选用健康、体重均匀一致1日龄伊莎粉父母代蛋雏鸡3240只,随机分为试验组A、B、C和对照组D,每组810只,分6个重复,每重复135只鸡,试验A、B、C组雏鸡分别饲喂苏氨酸0.70%、0.75%、0.80%的试验日粮,对照组D雏鸡饲喂不外加苏氨酸的常规基础日粮.6周饲养试验结果表明:(1)苏氨酸在雏鸡日粮中添加,可以提高雏鸡成活率(P>0.05);促进雏鸡生长发育,提高雏鸡平均体重、增重、群体体重均匀度(P<0.05),提高饲料转化率(P>0.05)等生产性能.(2)雏鸡日粮中添加苏氨酸可提高雏鸡对新城疫病毒的抗体效价,与对照组相比,试验A、C都提高了2.33%(P>0.05),试验B组降低6.98%(P<0.05).(3)本试验以雏鸡日粮苏氨酸水平0.75%时,伊莎粉父母代蛋雏鸡生产性能较好,新城疫抗体效价最高.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irradiation on the sterilization effect and quality characteristics of cherry tomato.Cherry tomatos were selected as experiment materials D10 values of selected pathogens,colour,content of soluble solid were detected at room temperature after storing for 0,2,4,6,8,10 days.Results showed that D10 values of E.coli,Salmonella enteritidis,Listeria innocua inoculated in cherry tomato were 0.088 kGy,0.243 kGy and 0.264 kGy,respectively.Under room temperature irradiation at doses lower than 2.0 kGy did not have significant effects on L* values,a* values,b* values,or soluble solids content (SSC) of cherry tomato (P ＞ 0.05).Thus 2.0 kGy could be a suitable irradiation dose for Cherry tomato.This paper provided technical support in decreasing the content of pathogenic microorganism on cherry tomatos preservation,and also expanded a good application area for irradiation technology to use in fresh fruits and vegetables preservation.

It is important to determine the insemination time by using accurate estrous detection and ovulation prediction.In this study,10 multiparous Simmental cattle and 10 primiparous Holstein cows,which were 60 to 90 days postpartum,healthy and nonpregnant,were used as experiment animals.After estrus synchronization,the oestrus and ovulation time of cattle were detected by observation and rectal examination,and the corresponding activity and vaginal electrical resistance (VER) were measured by using pedometers in an interval of 30 min and estrus ovulation tester in an interval of 4 h,respectively.Results showed that,the VER in dioestrus ((300± 12) Ω) was significantly higher than that in oestrus (P＜0.05),and decreased rapidly 4 h before the onset of oestrus and dropped to the lowest ((220±27) Ω) 8-12 h after the onset of oestrus,and then gradually recovered to the dioestrus level after ovulating.The activity in dioestrus was lower than that in oestrus,and increased 10 times rapidly after the onset of oestrus,and then recovered to the dioestrus level after the end of oestrus.The oestrus duration,the time from onset of oestrus to ovulation and the time from end of oestrus to ovulation were (15.6±2.8) h,(26.8±4.2) h and (11.3±4.3) h,respectively.The ovulation occurred (15.0±1.3) h later after the lowest VER.The activity and VER variation could provide guidance to explore the techniques of accurate oestrus detection and insemination during oestrus and ovulation.The actvity combined with VER would improve oestrus detection efficiency and timing of ovulation predicted accuracy,which have significant value for developing the automatic technology of oestrus detection and ovulation prediction.

自动化、信息化是未来奶牛养殖业发展的重要方向,为突破安静发情母牛的自动化发情监测技术瓶颈,继活动量变化规律之后,体温变化成为母牛繁殖周期规律研究焦点。研究发现,奶牛体温呈现一定年龄特征和昼夜变化规律,同时,成年母牛发情、妊娠及分娩等均表现出特征性体温变化规律,并因测定部位而表现较大差异。其中,阴道与繁殖活动紧密相关,阴道温度变化规律对繁殖行为更具指导意义。另外,温度测定不同程度地受到生殖激素、环境温湿度、疾病、测定方法等因素影响,经过科学分析体温测定影响因素,构建体温数据自动采集技术及数据库,是科学利用体温数据的前提基础,将推动奶牛繁殖与健康管理的自动化、精细化以及智能化。

在生猪养殖过程中，大家都很注意养、繁、防、治这四方面的管理，也特别强调这四个方面的重要性，但有一点，我们必须面对的是不管怎么注重养，无论饲养条件多么好，有时还会防不胜防地出现这样或那样的疾病发生，养的好发病少，效益高，养的不好发病多，损失大，如果一点疾病都不发生，那几乎是不可能的。在近几年对各大猪场进行疫病调查时，经常遇到不同日龄阶段的猪出现皮肤发绀死亡的病例，发病不分猪日龄大小均有感染，小到哺乳仔猪，大到育肥猪都有不同程度的死亡现象，甚至波及到母猪和种公猪，有时引起猪群的大量死亡。这些传染病在临床上发病率非常高，死亡率也非常高，是影响养殖效益较常见的一类疾病。那么是什么原因导致发生了这种病理现象呢？

我国是马匹资源大国，养马业作为畜牧业重要组成部分，尤其是商业性赛马产业的发展，对未来畜牧业经济全面发展有着深远影响。随着医疗水平的发展，马场的传染性疫病得到有效控制，临床兽医的工作重点转移至马匹的日常预防保健。由于马匹运动强度大，脱水是马匹疾病诊疗过程中的常见病症。常见的胃肠疾病及各种原因导致的生理性应激均可引起马匹脱水。由于马匹体型较大，保定困难，补液时的操作不当或速度过慢，可能会引起马匹异物性肺炎甚至死亡。笔者设计制作出的马补液器较漏斗加导管的传统补液方法有明显的优势，在兽医操作过程中，能避免补液器导管进入马匹气管，防止液体灌入肺部，使用方便，简化了灌药操作，为马场临床兽医提供了一套先进便捷的灌服装备。现将马补液器的设计制作及临床应用介绍如下。

目的—分析猪病防治"慕课"的制作特点,探索适合动物医学职业教育特点的信息化教学模式.方法—以猪病防治中"疾病诊断"为例,精心设计授课内容、编写授课脚本并收集教学素材.结果—运用猪病防治MOOC设计模式,拓展学生多种学习方式,适应新媒体形势下动物医学专业课程改革的需要.

体温与活动量是评价家畜健康状况和生理状态的重要指标,对提高奶牛养殖效率具有重要意义.围绕奶牛体温与活动量的检测方法进行了大量研究,检测方法逐渐由手动检测向机械化、自动化、智能化方向发展;检测灵敏度和准确性不断提高,数据覆盖度不断加大,数据可用性不断提高;体温和活动量的疾病规律、繁殖活动规律不断揭示.只有活动量数据实现了自动化采集和规模化应用,体温数据虽然已开发出瘤胃丸、阴道埋植等自动化采集方法,这些方法还不能大规模推广应用,体温的自动化采集方法仍在探索中.本文综述了奶牛体温与活动量数据的采集方法,分析其在奶牛疾病与发情、妊娠及分娩等繁殖行为中的变化规律,并展望了奶牛体温与活动量自动化采集技术的研发及应用前景.

为推进都市型农业科技推广服务体系建设,笔者提出了构建都市型农业科技推广服务体系的要素和构架,进而提出完善都市型现代农业科技推广服务体系的对策思路:一是积极推进都市型现代农业科技推广机构改革和发展;二是大力培育都市多元化新型农村科技服务组织;三是加强都市郊区农村科技服务软、硬环境,推进新体系建设;四是加强机制创新,提高各类主体参与、开展科技服务的积极性;五是鼓励农村科技服务模式创新.

为了查明北京某猪场爆发哺乳仔猪腹泻导致10日龄内仔猪死亡的病因,试验采集哺乳仔猪粪液和脏器,对其进行病毒抗原及微生物检测.结果表明:猪场爆发哺乳仔猪腹泻是因为猪轮状病毒和大肠杆菌的混合感染.说明二者混合感染是导致哺乳仔猪死亡率增高的原因,大肠杆菌的血清型为O157∶ H7

为探讨大蒜素对樱桃谷商品肉鸭生产性能、屠宰性能的影响效果,研究将大蒜素添加于樱桃谷肉鸭日粮中,进行全程饲养试验,以期为樱桃谷肉鸭生产实践和饲养配套技术提供科学依据,现报道如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验动物与试验设计 樱桃谷肉鸭由北京南郊鸭业有限公司提供.试验将600只健康、体重无显著差异、出壳1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭随机分为对照组、试验1组、试验2组,每组设4个重复,每重复50只,进行饲养试验.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验1,2组分别在每吨基础日粮中添加50,100 g大蒜素.大蒜素为市售25％饲用添加剂.基础日粮主要由玉米、豆粕、豆类蛋白粉、玉米蛋白粉、次粉、细糠、磷酸氢钙、石粉、食盐、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、预混料(维生素和微量元素)等组成.各阶段饲料营养指标见表1.

我国奶牛存栏量和奶产品产量已居世界前茅.在奶牛临床保健和疾病防治过程中,补液疗法已经成为临床兽医工作的一项重要内容.牛瘤胃补液器,经全国30余家规模化奶牛养殖厂临床实际应用证实,可有效提高临床兽医的工作效率,加快补液速度,使临床兽医进行奶牛灌服保健和治疗操作更为安全、实用且便利.

2012年1月下旬,北京某猪场暴发一起仔猪腹泻病,死亡1 000多头1周龄以内哺乳仔猪.为了查明腹泻的原因,诊断为猪轮状病毒和大肠杆菌混合感染,现报道如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 临床调查和病理学观察 观察病猪临床症状和剖检病理学变化.取其空肠和回肠用10％福尔马林固定24h,石蜡包埋切片,H.E.染色,光学显微镜下病理组织学观察,图像分析系统(美国,IIm-agePLUS)采集图像. 1.2 细菌分离鉴定 1.2.1 细菌分离及纯化 取1周龄内哺乳仔猪肺脏、肝脏、肠用TSA血清琼脂培养基、麦康凯琼脂培养基、三糖铁琼脂培养基进行细菌培养,37℃培养过夜,挑取优势菌落进行革兰染色.

<正>近年来,腹泻引起仔猪死亡率剧增,直接影响养猪经济效益。引起仔猪腹泻的原因很多,如细菌、病毒、饲料霉菌毒素、产房温度及母猪奶水质量、球虫等。其中,轮状病毒是引起仔猪腹泻的重要病原。为调查北京地区轮状病毒感染状况,于2010年8月至2012年1月从北京大兴、顺义、通县、密云等地的8个猪场获取248头腹泻仔猪粪便,采用胶体金快速诊断试纸法检测轮状病毒抗原,并对仔猪发病月

为了研究、探讨防治奶牛胎衣不下的新方法、新技术,进行了用子宫栓剂防治奶牛胎衣不下的临床试验.结果表明,在奶牛胎衣不下发病率较高的夏季,在胎儿娩出时,向奶牛子宫中投放本试验用子宫栓剂2粒,可对奶牛胎衣不下起到良好的防治作用.与对照组相比,使用此办法可使奶牛胎衣不下的发病率下降21.74%,具有操作简单、实用、效果好等特点,对提高奶牛繁殖效益有实际意义.

基于奶牛场兽医师日常执行临床操作时所携带的器械及药品多且琐碎的需要,设计制作便携式兽医腰包。通过对北京、天津、河北等地区20家大型奶牛养殖场深入调研,明确兽医师日常操作时涉及的主要工具、药品,确定便携式腰包的适宜尺寸及各分装口袋的功能,并绘制设计图纸。选用密度高帆布作为制作材料,根据设计图纸制作便携式兽医腰包。经20家规模化奶牛养殖厂67名兽医师的临床实际应用,提高了工作效率,取得了满意的效果。