Introduction Frail older adults with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) frequently present with severe cancer-related malnutrition and are often ineligible for cisplatin-based neoadjuvant regimens. Low toxicity bridging strategies that can reverse frailty and enable curative surgery are needed. Patient concerns and clinical findings A 75-year-old frail woman presented with left maxillary gingival and palatal squamous cell carcinoma complicated by severe malnutrition and poor performance status (ECOG 3; nutritional risk screening NRS-2002 ≥3). She reported significant oral pain and dysphagia with rapid nutritional decline. Diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes After biopsy-confirmed squamous cell carcinoma and staging work-up, cisplatin was deemed unsuitable due to frailty and nutritional compromise. The patient received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab combined with the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody nimotuzumab alongside intensive supportive care. Imaging demonstrated marked tumor regression, accompanied by rapid symptom relief and improvement in nutritional and functional indices. Definitive surgical resection was subsequently performed. Serial histopathology revealed a pathological complete response with extensive treatment-related regression changes (ypT0N0). Conclusion Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade combined with anti-EGFR therapy, together with proactive nutritional and functional support, may provide an effective and tolerable bridge to curative surgery in frail patients with locally advanced oral/maxillary HNSCC. Rigorous pathologic assessment across serial sections is essential to confirm true pathological complete response.

Introduction:Advanced base-of-tongue squamous cell carcinoma (BOT-SCC) has conventionally been regarded as unsuitable for transoral resection owing to its propensity for deep invasion and the difficulty in obtaining adequate surgical margins. We evaluated whether neoadjuvant therapy could enable transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in a subset of patients with advanced BOT-SCC. Methods:In this retrospective analysis, nine consecutive patients with stage ≥T4N2bM0 BOT-SCC received three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy based on pembrolizumab, followed by TORS with concurrent neck dissection. Radiologic response and tumor shrinkage were assessed after neoadjuvant therapy. Perioperative outcomes, correlations between radiologic shrinkage and operative metrics, postoperative complications (Clavien -Dindo), and 3-month functional outcomes (MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory [MDADI], Functional Oral Intake Scale [FOIS], and Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain [GRBAS]) were recorded. Follow-up was conducted for oncologic outcomes. Results:Post-neoadjuvant radiologic evaluation demonstrated clinically meaningful downstaging, with partial response in 6/9 patients (66.7%) and stable disease in 3/9 patients (33.3%). Mean tumor reduction was 35.6% ± 11.2% (median, 36%; interquartile range [IQR], 28 -44). All patients achieved R0 resection. Mean operative time was 193.3 ± 46.9 min (median, 180; IQR, 165 -240), and mean intraoperative blood loss was 78.3 ± 25.4 mL (median, 70; IQR, 60 -100). Tumor shrinkage was inversely correlated with operative time (r = -0.962; 95% CI: -0.992 to -0.825; p < 0.001) and blood loss (r = -0.851; 95% CI: -0.968 to -0.430; p = 0.004), while operative time was positively correlated with blood loss (r = 0.864; 95% CI: 0.469 to 0.971; p = 0.003). No Clavien -Dindo grade ≥III complications or postoperative hemorrhage occurred. At 3 months, functional outcomes were favorable (mean MDADI 75.6 ± 10.2; FOIS ≥6 in 55.6%; median GRBAS 1.1). Over a median follow-up of 12 months, no local recurrences or distant metastases were documented. Discussion:Neoadjuvant therapy may render a subset of patients with advanced BOT-SCC eligible for TORS, enabling oncologically radical resection with low perioperative morbidity and promising early functional recovery. Prospective studies are warranted to validate patient selection criteria and to develop biomarker-guided de-intensification strategies.

Cryoablation therapy for tumors has a long history of clinical application. Its anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological changes have been well established, with extensive clinical practice demonstrating its safety and efficacy, theoretically making it an ideal modality for tumor treatment. Historically constrained by limitations in cryogenic media and freezing equipment, its therapeutic effectiveness and clinical adoption were significantly restricted. The emergence of new-generation cryoablation systems represented by Argon-Helium cryosurgical systems has achieved substantial advancements in refrigeration efficiency, ablation range precision, and temperature monitoring accuracy, thereby greatly promoting the widespread adoption of tumor cryoablation technology. This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanisms of cryoablation technology, indications for cryotherapy in head and neck mucosal melanoma, standardized clinical treatment protocols, management of adverse reactions, and related principles. It aims to provide authoritative references for standardizing cryoablation therapy in the treatment of head and neck mucosal melanoma.

BACKGROUND:Anterolateral thigh (ALT) and latissimus dorsi (LAT) flaps are workhorse flaps for head and neck reconstruction. However, evidence showing how donor-site morbidity (DSM) compares between these flaps is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates DSM and aesthetic outcomes with ALT and LAT flaps for head and neck reconstruction. METHODS:We reviewed articles identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Scale. We performed a meta-analysis using fixed- and random-effects models to estimate the incidences of different DSM and dissatisfaction with the aesthetic outcome. These pooled incidences were compared between the ALT and LAT groups using Fisher exact test. RESULTS:We identified 82 studies including a total of 4436 patients who underwent reconstruction with an ALT flap (n = 3689) or LAT flap (n = 747). In the ALT flap group, the most prevalent DSM was paresthesia (21.2 %), followed by movement dysfunction (4.0 %), and poor wound healing (3.9 %). In the LAT group, the most prevalent DSM was hematoma (10.3 %), followed by movement dysfunction (10.1 %) and poor wound healing (8.6 %). The incidences of dissatisfaction with donor site appearance were 6.3 % in the ALT flap group and 2.4 % in the LAT flap group. Intergroup comparison of these DSM showed no statistically significant differences except a higher rate of donor site hematoma in the LAT flap (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION:The results of this meta-analysis suggest that LAT flaps have higher risk of hematoma/seroma and both flaps provide acceptable donor-site aesthetics. Additional well-designed prospective clinical studies are needed to enhance our understanding of DSM with large myocutaneous flaps in the setting of head and neck reconstruction.

Myocardial infarction accompanied by diabetes mellitus is accepted as the most serious type of coronary heart disease, and among the current treatment strategies, the precise delivery of protective drugs for inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a biodegradable nanoparticles-based delivery system with excellent macrophage escape, cardiac targeting, and drug release properties to achieve targeted therapy of myocardial infarction. Specifically, a copolymer of p(DMA–MPC–CD) combining self-adhesion, hydration lubrication, and targeting peptide binding site was successfully prepared by free radical copolymerization, and it was self-assembled on the surface of melatonin-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (bMSNs) following the integration of adamantane-modified cardiac homing peptide (CHP) based on supramolecular host–guest interaction. Importantly, a hydration layer formed around the zwitterionic phosphorylcholine groups of the multifunctional nanoparticles, which was confirmed by the enhancement in hydration lubrication and reduction in coefficient of friction, prevented the nanoparticles from phagocytosis by the macrophages. The in vivo bioluminescence imaging test indicated that the nanoparticles were endowed with satisfied cardiac targeting capability, and the in vivo mice study demonstrated that the intravenous injection of drug-loaded nanoparticles (namely bMSNs–Mel@PDMC–CHP) effectively reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, alleviated myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and enhanced cardiac function.

Abstract Aims This study sought to assess the effect of treatment of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) on improving cardiac function and reversing cardiac remodelling in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) complicated with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and results We enrolled 275 ACS patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after PCI. The patients were divided into the routine and S/V groups according to the treatment drugs. The symptoms, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations, echocardiographic parameters [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and left ventricular end‐systolic volume index (LVESVI)], major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and adverse reactions were recorded at baseline and 6 months after treatment when a clinical follow‐up was performed. The S/V group was further divided into prespecified subgroups including unstable angina (UA) group, non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) group, and ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group according to the type of ACS. We analysed the changes in LVEF, LVMI, LVEDVI, LVESVI, and NT‐proBNP in both groups and evaluated the correlation between the changes in the above variables (ΔLVEF, ΔLVMI, ΔLVEDVI, ΔLVESVI, and ΔNT‐proBNP). Cox regression model was used to assess the independent risk factors of MACE. Prespecified subgroup analyses were also conducted. Compared with baseline, LVEF increased significantly (P < 0.05), NT‐proBNP, LVMI, and LVESVI decreased significantly in both groups after 6 months (P < 0.05), and LVEDVI decreased significantly in the S/V group (P = 0.001). In the S/V group, ΔLVEF (t = −2.745, P = 0.006), ΔNT‐proBNP (P = 0.009), ΔLVEDVI (t = 4.203, P = 0.001), and ΔLVESVI (t = 3.907, P = 0.001) were significantly improved than those in the routine group. In the S/V group, ΔLVEF was negatively correlated with ΔNT‐proBNP (r = −0.244, P = 0.004), ΔLVMI (r = −0.190, P = 0.028), ΔLVEDVI (r = −0.173, P = 0.045), and ΔLVESVI (r = −0.261, P = 0.002). In Cox regression model analysis, ΔLVEF {hazard ratio [HR] = 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.95], P = 0.003}, ΔLVEDVI [HR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.06), P = 0.013], and ΔLVESVI [HR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.08), P = 0.026] were independent risk factors for MACE. Subgroup analysis showed that ΔLVEF (t = 6.290, P = 0.001), ΔLVEDVI (t = 2.581, P = 0.011), and ΔNT‐proBNP (P = 0.019) in the NSTEMI group were significantly improved than those in the UA group, ΔLVEDVI in the NSTEMI group was significantly better than that in the STEMI group (t = −3.365, P = 0.001), and ΔLVEF in the STEMI group was significantly better than that in the UA group (t = −3.928, P = 0.001). There was a significant difference in the survival probability without MACE among the three groups in the analysis of the Kaplan–Meier curve (P = 0.042). The incidence of MACE in the UA group was significantly higher than that in the NSTEMI group (32.4% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.004). Conclusions The cardiac function is improved and cardiac remodelling is reversed significantly after treatment of S/V in ACS patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after PCI, and the improvement is more obvious than the routine group. There is a significant negative correlation between the change in LVEF and the changes in NT‐proBNP, LVMI, LVEDVI, and LVESVI. The increase of LVEF and the decrease of LVEDVI and LVESVI are protective factors to improve the prognosis. Patients with myocardial infarction and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction might benefit more from the initiation of S/V as first‐line heart failure treatment after PCI.

Most of the patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancy are in the middle and advanced stages at diagnosis and the incidence rate is increasing in recent years. Chemotherapy alone is difficult to benefit the survival of patients with advanced oral and maxillofacial malignancy. Ultrasound hyperthermia is a new and effective treatment for malignant tumor, which is developing rapidly in addition to conventional treatment. However, at present, ultrasound hyperthermia has not been widely used in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignancy. Therefore, formation of a guideline on ultrasound hyperthermia for oral and maxillofacial malignancy is mandatory, in order to promote and standardize the clinical practice of ultrasound hyperthermia in this field, and improve the long-term survival rate and quality of life of patients.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) has been considered as a "quiet" tumor. It is typically malignancy arising from exocrine glands with poor long-term prognosis due to high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis. It is characterized by perineural infiltration, distant metastasis, and positive incision edge. Surgery is the first line treatment for ACC, followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy as adjuvant treatments to avoid recurrence. But recurrence or metastasis still occurs in more than 50% ACC. Recurrent and/or metastasis (R/M) ACC is usually incurable, and no systemic agent has been found effective. With the widespread use of whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), its internal oncogenic mechanism is gradually revealed, which involving molecular mutations such as the MYB family gene translocation, Notch signal pathway, DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway and epigenetic molecular mutations. The review helps us to understand the linkage among the pathways and targeted genes in diagnosis and related treatment of ACC till now.

Abstract Background With the advancement of the world population aging, more attention should be paid to the prognosis of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable indicator of insulin resistance (IR) and is closely related to traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the effect of TyG index on the prognosis of long-term adverse events in elderly ACS patients has not been reported. This study evaluated the prognostic power of TyG index in predicting adverse events in elderly ACS patients. Methods In this study, 662 ACS patients > 80 years old who were hospitalized from January 2006 to December 2012 were enrolled consecutively and the general clinical data and baseline blood biochemical indicators were collected. The follow-up time after discharge was 40–120 months (median, 63 months; interquartile range, 51‒74 months). In addition, the following formula was used to calculate the TyG index: Ln [fasting TG (mg/dL) × FBG (mg/dL)/2], and patients were divided into three groups according to the tertile of the TyG index. Results The mean age of the subjects was 81.87 ± 2.14 years, the proportion of females was 28.10%, and the mean TyG index was 8.76 ± 0.72. The TyG index was closely associated with the traditional risk factors of CVD. In the fully-adjusted Cox regression model, the Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause mortality (in tertile 3) was 1.64 (1.06, 2.54) and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) (in tertile 3) was 1.36 (1.05, 1.95) for each SD increase in the TyG index. The subgroup analyses also confirmed the significant association of the TyG index and long-term prognosis. Conclusion The TyG index is an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality and MACE in elderly ACS patients.

:Mandibular reconstruction is one of the most complex procedures concerning the patient's postoperative facial shape and occlusion condition. In this study, the authors integrated mixed reality, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and robotic-assisted navigation technology to complete the mandibular reconstruction in a novel and more accurate way. Mixed reality can visualize the significant anatomical structures of the operative area, but only be used in simulated operation by now. Three-dimensional printing surgical guide plate makes it easy to separate tissue, while imprecision often occurs due to the potential of displacement and deformation. In recent years, most robotic-assisted navigation surgery technology can only achieve precise position by 2D view on the screen but not realistic 3D navigation. in this study, the integrated 3 technologies were used in mandibular reconstruction. Preoperative imaging examination was performed, and the data were imported into the digital workstation before operation. First, the original data was edited and optimized to reconstruct the digital model and formulate the surgical plan. Then MR was used to output the visualized project and matched the 3D reconstruction model in reality. The 3D plate was printed for surgical guidance. Last, robotic-assisted navigation was used to guide and position the vascularized fibula autograft and the immediate dental implantation. In conclusion, the authors integrated the 3 technologies and constructed a new digital surgical procedure to improve surgical accuracy and simplify the procedure comparing with traditional surgery.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor that originates from exocrine gland epithelial cells. We profiled the transcriptomes of 49,948 cells from paracarcinoma and carcinoma tissues of three patients using single-cell RNA sequencing. Three main types of the epithelial cells were identified into myoepithelial-like cells, intercalated duct-like cells, and duct-like cells by marker genes. And part of intercalated duct-like cells with special copy number variations which altered with MYB family gene and EN1 transcriptomes were identified as premalignant cells. Developmental pseudo-time analysis showed that the premalignant cells eventually transformed into malignant cells. Furthermore, MYB and MYBL1 were found to belong to two different gene modules and were expressed in a mutually exclusive manner. The two gene modules drove ACC progression into different directions. Our findings provide novel evidence to explain the high recurrence rate of ACC and its characteristic biological behavior.

舌根肿瘤是口腔颌面外科较为常见的肿瘤,因其解剖位置深在,治疗棘手,目前其外科治疗方式的选择尚未达成共识.本文旨在总结舌根肿瘤治疗的研究进展,分析比较舌根肿瘤的治疗方法,总结其优缺点,为舌根肿瘤的临床诊治提供参考.

Aging represents an independent risk factor affecting the poor prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This present research aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of myocardial injury in elderly AMI by animals and cells experiment. Our previous clinical study found the serum Cystatin C (Cys-C) increased in the elderly AMI population, while the mechanism underlying high Cys-C induced myocardial injury of AMI remains unclear. In the in-vitro study, we confirmed that Wnt/β-catenin could significantly reduce the expression of cytoplasmic Cys-C through transnuclear action, and highly attenuate the occurrence of mitochondrial oxidative stress injury induced via Cys-C/reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the addition of exogenous Wnt3a and inhibition of Cys-C expression could effectively inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress injury and relieve the acute myocardial hypoxia injury. These results indicate that Cys-C exerted damaging effects on the hypoxic aging cardiomyocyte through the ROS/mitochondrial signaling pathway. Inhibition of this pathway effectively reduced the apoptosis of aging cardiomyocytes. In the in-vivo study, we also explored the function of the Wnt/Cys-C pathway on the ischemic infarction heart. We confirmed that Wnt/β-catenin served as the upstream protective protein of this pathway, and the promotion of this pathway improved the cardiac structure and function of the elderly AMI mice effectively.

目的:研究经口入路机器人手术(transoral robotic surgery,TORS)治疗舌根部肿物的临床技术可行性、安全性及有效性.方法:回顾性分析2018年9月～2020年10月期间解放军总医院口腔科开展的11例达芬奇机器人经口切除舌根部肿物患者的临床资料,男性8例,女性3例,中位年龄39岁.结果:11例患者术野暴露平均用时40.9min,平均手术时间为42.5min,平均出血量34.5ml,患者术后平均住院时间2.9d.11例患者均使用达芬奇机器人经口入路完全切除舌根部肿物,无中转开放病例.术后辅助放疗4例.术后切缘均为阴性,术中术后无严重并发症出现.术后随访8～33个月,无局部复发、远处转移或死亡病例.结论:在掌握好适应证的前提下,达芬奇机器人经口切除舌根部肿物是安全且有效的外科治疗方法,且该手术方式避免了面颈部手术瘢痕,美观满意度较高.

口腔颌面-头颈部恶性肿瘤发病率位居人类恶性肿瘤的第6位,大部分患者就诊时已到局部晚期阶段,经过手术、放化疗后仍有很高比例的患者会发生局部复发和/或远处转移.针对复发和/或转移性口腔颌面-头颈部鳞癌患者,以EGFR靶向治疗药物为基础的靶向化疗是目前一线治疗常规应用方案.国际上已批准的治疗头颈部肿瘤的靶向药物有尼妥珠单克隆抗体(单克隆抗体,以下简称单抗)和西妥昔单抗,目前西妥昔单抗的指南很多,而尼妥珠单抗在口腔颌面-头颈部恶性肿瘤的应用尚无明确规范.本文结合文献及相关专家的经验,制定专家共识,对尼妥珠单抗的抗肿瘤机制以及目前临床应用情况进行阐述,制定了尼妥珠单抗治疗口腔颌面-头颈部鳞癌的建议方案,供临床医师参考.

Objective:To reconstruct zygomatico-orbtial and maxillary bone defects using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, so as to provide the basis for complicated maxillofacial bone defects.Methods:Five patients diagnosed with in zygomatico-orbtial and maxillary neoplasm in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, who need bone defect reconstruction after surgery. Two different customized prosthesis were fabricated by computer aided design and 3D printing techonology, and the length of orbital floor extension in the customized prosthesis were different: Design 1, 9-10 mm orbital floor extension; Design 2, 10-15 mm orbital floor extension. The clinical outcome were evaluated during operation and matching condition of two different designed prosthesis were carried out after scanning for analysis.Results:The results indicated that the deviation value were 2-3 mm located at fixed structure during clinical evaluaton, and the deviation value were about 1 mm after prosthesis scanning. Finally, prothesis of Design 1 were applied for clinical use, and satisfactory reconstruction contour was achieved in all patients.Conclusions:The results suggest that zygomatico-orbtial and maxillary bone defects reconstruction can be conducted with satisfactory effect using 3D printing technology, and design and fabrication factors should be taken into consideration in complicated structure design with multi-protuberance.

Objective: This study evaluated the prognostic power of serum uric acid (UA) in predicting adverse events in elderly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The analysis involved 718 ACS patients >80 years old whose general clinical data and baseline blood biochemical indicators were collected prospectively from January 2006 to December 2012. These patients were classified into two groups based on DM status, and then followed up after discharge. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates and all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to analyze the relationship between UA level and long-term clinical prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to predict the cutoff value of UA in elderly ACS patients with DM. There were 242 and 476 patients in the DM and non-DM (NDM) groups, respectively, and the follow-up time after discharge was 40–120 months (median, 63 months; interquartile range, 51–74 months). Results: The all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and MACE rates in both DM and NDM patients were higher than those in the control group ( P =0.001). All-cause mortalities, cardiac mortalities, and MACE rates in DM patients with moderate and high UA levels were significantly higher than those in the NDM group ( P =0.001). Long-term survival rates decreased significantly with increased UA levels in the ACS groups ( P =0.001). UA (odds ratio (OR)=2.106, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.244–3.568, P=0.006) was found to be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and MACE in elderly ACS patients with DM. The cutoff value of UA was 353.6 μmol/L (sensitivity, 67.4%; specificity, 65.7%). Conclusions: Serum UA level is a strong independent predictor of long-term all-cause death and MACE in elderly ACS patients with DM.

达芬奇手术系统为微创手术(minimally-invasive surgery,MIS)开辟了一个新时代,弥补了以往微创手术的缺陷而备受关注.口腔颌面部解剖结构复杂,空间狭小,且对于美观要求较高,与传统开放式手术相比,机器人辅助口腔颌面外科手术在延伸医生视觉范围、滤除手部震颤、减少手术并发症、美观满意度等方面具有明显优势.现将其在口腔颌面外科的应用现况进行综述,并探讨其优缺点.

Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, and is believed to be caused by mutations in the PTCH gene at locus 9Q22.3-Q31. It is a complex syndrome and consists of multiple odontogenic keratocysts, multiple basal cell nevus (cancer) of the face and neck, punctate depression of the palm and sole, abnormal skeleton and rib, calcification in the brain and various other defects [1, 2]. Now we are reporting a case of BCNS seen in our department recently as follows: female, 20 years old, with typical clinical manifestations of BCNS: multiple and scattered pigmented nevus on the face (Figure 1 A), small depression on the palm (Figure 1 B), multiple cysts on the upper and lower jaw, calcification of cerebral falx and tentorium, sternum deformity, rib bifurcations, scoliosis, deviation of the right eye with decreased vision. The mother presented with multiple cysts of the upper and lower jaws, bifurcated ribs, scoliosis and scattered small depressions in the palm (Figure 2).

静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)是临床常见病,其在口腔颌面外科围手术期发病率较低,但危害极大.临床上关于VTE评估的评分量表很多,且相关预防的指南也很多,但目前国内外对于口腔颌面外科围手术期VTE评估的评分量表以及相关预防的指南尚无明确规范.为尽量减少该疾病的发生,该文结合相关专家的经验,制定专家共识,对VTE的病因及临床表现、口腔颌面外科患者VTE的危险因素、评分量表以及预防措施进行阐述,制定了改良Caprini评分量表(口腔颌面外科试用版)、口腔颌面外科患者VTE的临床诊断流程图以及术后VTE预防流程图的建议方案,供临床医师参考.