The economic globalization is not only promoting the international exchange and cooperation, but also bringing an increasing risk of malaria importation and transmission in China. Prevention and control of malaria imported from abroad should be continually maintained to prevent malaria resurgence. In this paper, by summarizing the current situation of malaria epidemic in Changzhou and reviewing the responses to four imported malaria cases at Changzhou port, we discuss the prevention and control strategies of imported malaria at Changzhou port and provide solutions to prevent the transmission of malaria.

目的 针对1例境外输入性新冠病毒感染者咽拭子样本开展全基因组测序,掌握输入性新冠病毒基因组特征,为口岸新冠肺炎疫情防控提供科学依据.方法 对1例从江苏口岸入境的输入性新冠病毒感染者的咽拭子样本,用二代测序技术进行全基因组测序,并通过生物信息学软件进行序列分析并构建进化树.结果 获得1株输入性新冠病毒全基因组序列(GenBank No.OP804248),基因组全长29 762 bp,基因分型结果显示为奥密克戎BQ.1.1型.与原始毒株(GenBank No.NC_045512.2)相比,该毒株共有78个碱基发生了突变,59个区域发生了缺失;氨基酸突变有62个,氨基酸缺失14个.结论 奥密克戎BQ.1.1型为江苏口岸首次检出的输入性新冠病毒基因型,为当地口岸新冠病毒的溯源及防控提供重要科学依据.

A suspected case of malaria imported at the Nanjing port was diagnosed by four detection methods, including thick and thin blood smear microscopy, RDT malaria antigen detection, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and micro-drop digital PCR, and the application scenarios of different detection methods were compared and analyzed to provide technical support for the prevention and control of infectious diseases at the port. Plasmodium falciparum was positive in the four detection methods, and the original concentration of nucleic acid was 157 copies/μL in the micro-drop digital PCR detection. The results showed that the RDT antigen detection was the most rapid and simple with the lowest comprehensive cost among the four detection methods. With a clear epidemiological history and clinical manifestations of the case, RDT malaria antigen detection can be conducted first, and the other three methods can be used as auxiliary detection methods.

目的 调查江苏国境口岸吸血蠓的种类.方法 采用紫外灯诱法在南京机场、常州港、常州机场、泰州港、扬州机场、连云港港、淮安机场7个国境口岸采集吸血蠓.结果 共捕获吸血蠓2属9种286只.调查显示尖喙库蠓、原野库蠓、荒川库蠓、异域库蠓为江苏口岸吸血蠓的主要种类,其中尖喙库蠓为优势种,占34.97％.结论 初步了解江苏国境口岸吸血蠓的种类.

本文采用现场笼诱法,以食物源饵料Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及市售诱蝇剂Ⅴ 5种饵料在本单位绿化区域持续进行蝇类监测4d,以筛选出诱蝇种类及数量最多的发酵时间.结果表明,饵料Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ在第2天诱集到的蝇种类及数量较多,第4天最少.饵料V第1天诱集的蝇种类及数量最多,第4天最少.为今后研制改进蝇类监测饵料及发酵时间的确定提供数据支持.

目的 调查常州国境口岸吸血蠓的种群、密度和季节消长.方法 2021年4-11月采用紫外灯诱法在常州港、常州机场选择不同生境进行吸血蠓监测.结果 共捕获吸血蠓2属5种125只,原野库蠓、荒川库蠓、尖喙库蠓为常州国境口岸吸血蠓的优势种,呈现单峰型季节消长曲线,7月为高峰期.吸血蠓密度分别为常州港1.35只/(灯·h),常州机场1.25只/(灯·h).结论 初步了解常州国境口岸吸血蠓的种群构成、密度和季节消长,为后续吸血蠓的控制提供参考.

目的 建立基于毛细管电泳的同时检测登革热病毒(DENV)、黄热病毒(YFV)和寨卡病毒(ZIKV)三种蚊媒病毒性传染病的技术方法.方法 通过对黄病毒属成员全长基因组多序列比对,分别针对DENV、YFV和ZIKV基因组保守区设计特异性引物,通过PCR并结合毛细管电泳对靶基因进行鉴定;通过构建基于毛细管电泳的分子靶标,对上述三种蚊媒病毒性传染病进行精准鉴定.结果 DENV、YFV和ZIKV全长基因组核苷酸一致性达50.5％以上.通过PCR并结合毛细管电泳均能精确鉴定出大小分别为79 bp、139 bp和168 bp的靶基因,具有较好检测特异性和准确性.构建的分子靶标可实现同时对上述三种蚊媒病毒性传染病精确鉴定.结论 本研究建立了以毛细管电泳为基础的同时精准鉴别上述三种蚊媒传播病毒性疾病的精准鉴定技术方法,为国境口岸、基层医疗等机构开展蚊媒传染病防控提供了新的技术支持.

目的 建立检测多种蚊媒病毒的液相芯片方法.方法 从NCBI数据库分别下载乙脑病毒(JEV)、登革病毒(DENV)、基孔肯雅病毒(CHIKV)、寨卡病毒(ZIKV)、黄热病毒(YFV)、裂谷热病毒(RVFV)基因组序列,比对分析后,在各病毒保守区域分别设计扩增引物和检测探针,以标准品质粒为模板,建立多重PCR扩增体系;将核酸探针偶联至荧光编码微球,建立液相芯片检测方法,并对方法进行评价.结果 基于多重PCR和液相芯片技术的常见蚊媒病毒的检测方法能同时对其中任意1种、2种、3种、4种、5种和6种病毒进行检测,具有良好的灵敏性,JEV、DENV、CHIKV、RVFV的灵敏度为1×104拷贝/反应;ZIKV、YFV的灵敏度为1×105拷贝/反应.结论 建立的方法能同时快速检测6种常见蚊媒病毒,为蚊媒传染病的预警和控制提供参考.

近来,一种新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的COVID-19突发疫情,给全球公众健康和社会经济构成严重威胁.SARS-CoV-2成为继人冠状病毒229E(Human coronavirus 229E,HCoV-229E)、人冠状病毒OC43(Human coronavirus OC43,HCoV-OC43)、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,SARS-CoV)、人冠状病毒NL63(Human coronavirus NL63,HCoV-NL63)、人冠状病毒HKU 1(Human coronavirus HKU1,HCoV-HKU1)和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,MERS-CoV)后第七种感染人类的冠状病毒.本研究以高分辨毛细管电泳技术为基础,针对七种人冠状病毒基因保守区分别设计特异性引物对,经常规PCR扩增后,通过具备单碱基差异分辨率的毛细管电泳分析,实现快速检测七种人冠状病毒的目标.通过构建基于毛细管电泳的人冠状病毒分子靶标,实现同时快速精准鉴定七种人冠状病毒的目的.本研究建立的人冠状病毒毛细管电泳快速检测技术方法具有极高灵敏性和精确性,分辨率高而且特异性好,操作简便成本低廉,为人冠状病毒的临床诊断、口岸快速检测等提供了新的技术支持.

BACKGROUND:Wolbachia has been reported to suppress a variety of pathogen infections in mosquitoes, but the mechanism is undefined. Two possibilities have been proposed. One is that Wolbachia activates host immune responses, and the other one is that Wolbachia competes with pathogens for limited nutrients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:In this study, we compared host immune responses and the densities of two different strains of Wolbachia in naturally occurring parental and artificially created hybrid host genetic backgrounds. No significant difference in Wolbachia density was found between these hosts. We found that Wolbachia could activate host innate immune responses when the host genetic profile was different from that of its natural host. When these hosts were challenged with pathogenic bacteria, mosquitoes in new host-Wolbachia symbioses had a higher survival rate than in old host-Wolbachia symbioses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:The presence of Wolbachia per se does not necessarily affect pathogen infections, suggesting that a competition for limited nutrients is not the main reason for Wolbachia-mediated pathogen suppression. Instead, host immune responses are responsible for it. The elucidation of an immunity nature of PI is important to guide future practice: Wolbachia may be genetically engineered to be more immunogenic, it is desired to search and isolate more strains of Wolbachia, and test more host-Wolbachia symbioses for future applications. Our results also suggest Wolbachia-based PI may be applied to naturally Wolbachia-infected mosquito populations, and extend to the control of a broader range of mosquito-borne diseases.

目的 应用线粒体控制区基因(D-loop)检测技术,对口岸输入性鼠形动物进行鉴定,为口岸鼠形动物的鉴定提供技术支持.方法 从口岸截获的鼠形动物尾骨中提取DNA,扩增D-loop基因,扩增产物经纯化后测序,对序列进行比对及系统发育分析.结果 D-loop基因扩增出长度大约580 bp的条带,在GenBank上比对发现序列与巴鲁大家鼠同源性最高,系统进化分析显示与巴鲁大家鼠序列聚在同一分支.结论 通过序列比对及进化分析可推断该截获鼠形动物可能为巴鲁大家鼠.经过文献搜索,此前国内未报道过该鼠种.

目的 探讨一种新型雾化消毒剂对重集装箱内环境消毒效果.方法 使用超微粒雾化机对大连、厦门两地港口不同温度和相对湿度条件下的40英尺(12 m)重集装箱(内含不同的货物)施用新型复配雾化消毒剂(3 ml/m3),对其空气消毒效果进行现场评价.结果 经新型复配雾化消毒剂消毒的重集装箱空气自然菌消亡率均≥90％.结论 该复配雾化消毒剂在3 ml/m3浓度下对载有不同货物的重集装箱内环境具有较好的消毒效果.

中华按蚊是严重威胁人类健康的害虫,对其生物样本进行转录组分析是风险评估与监测的常用重要手段.本文评估了吸血、存活状态及妥善存入RNA贮存液前的冷冻时间等变量对于中华按蚊转录组测序及分析结果的影响.研究共对4组12个中华按蚊野生样本进行测序,获得48775个基因及其对应表达量.各样本质量通过核心直系同源基因与检出Unigene完整性进行衡量,计算过程与结果数据均通过统计学显著性检测(Qvalue≤0.01).结果显示,吸血活体且保存至RNA贮存液前未经冷冻的样本质量最佳,其核心直系同源基因与检出Unigene完整性均超过90％.非吸血样本组装结果呈碎片化,表现为整体检出基因比例高达94.07％,但完整核心直系同源基因比例却仅为63.3％.冷冻过程对转录组测序结果影响极为严重,无论个体冷冻前存活与否,20 min左右即可导致20％以上的基因缺失.本研究为评估中华按蚊转录组数据有效性,以及之后提升相关研究的准确性提供了理论基础与数据支持.

2018年4月,作者对南京建邺区蝇类进行监测,采获一蝇种,其特征为:翅肩鳞橙色,前缘基鳞棕色;胸部底毛黑色,具黄色绵毛被.肛尾叶两侧缘几乎平行,在端部处开始向末端收尖;侧尾叶宽、末端圆钝.DNA条形码比对结果与粉蝇属线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I基因(COI)序列相似度最接近,为90.27％ ～90.73％,推测其为粉蝇属.依据外部形态、雄性生殖器及DNA条形码特征,鉴定为黄山粉蝇Pollenia huangshanensis,其为江苏省新记录种.

The Anopheles mosquito Hyrcanus Group is widely distributed geographically across both Palearctic and Oriental regions and comprises 26 valid species. Although the species Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann (1828) is the most common in China and has a low potential vector rank, it has nevertheless long been thought to be an important natural malaria vector within the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A number of previous research studies have found evidence to support the occurrence of natural hybridization between An. sinensis and Anopheles kleini Rueda, 2005 (a competent malaria vector). We, therefore, collected a sample series of An. sinensis and morphologically similar species across China and undertook ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA analyses in order to assess genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) amongst different groups. This enabled us to evaluate divergence times between morphologically similar species using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The results of this study reveal significant genetic similarities between An. sinensis, An. kleini, and Anopheles belenrae Rueda, 2005 and therefore imply that correct molecular identifications will require additional molecular markers. As results also reveal the presence of gene flow between these three species, their taxonomic status will require further work. Data suggest that An. kleini is the most basal of the three species, while An. sinensis and An. belenrae share the closest genetic relationship.

目的 掌握扬州口岸出入境人员传染病的流行情况,为有效开展传染病防控工作提供依据.方法 对扬州口岸2011-2016年59475名出入境人员传染病监测数据进行统计分析.结果 共检出传染性疾病794例,其中病毒性肝炎、梅毒、HIV抗体、肺结核阳性率分别为0.12％ (70/59475)、1.15％ (682/59475)、0.04％ (23/59475)、0.03％ (19/59475).出境人员以劳务人员为主,占91.67％;入境人员以留学为主,占4.19％.结论 扬州口岸出入境人员传染病监测重点应放在劳务人员的健康体检上,并关注梅毒、艾滋等检出率呈逐年增加态势且年龄呈递减趋势的疾病.

目的 比较基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)与16S rDNA方法对弧菌科微生物的鉴定及系统分类学分析能力.方法 对19株弧菌科微生物,采用MALDI-TOF MS进行蛋白质图谱采集,通过对特征峰的分析,实现对微生物的鉴定和系统分类学分析;同时对19株微生物进行16S rDNA测序,用邻接法对16S rDNA序列进行鉴定和系统分类学分析,比较两种方法在弧菌科微生物鉴定和系统分类学分析中的异同.结果 两种方法对19株弧菌科微生物的种属鉴定结果一致.系统分类学分析中,多株同种属的弧菌的两种方法分析结果一致,但对拟态弧菌和霍乱弧菌在树状图中的位置和亲缘关系,两种方法差异较大.结论 MALDI-TOF MS与16S rDNA均能够快速准确地鉴定弧菌科微生物,但利用MALDI-TOF MS进行系统分类学分析还有待数据库的扩大及算法的优化.

目的 调查江苏各口岸常见蚊虫中沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)的感染情况及其系统发育关系,为基于Wolbachia的防控策略奠定基础.方法 2015年6-9月采用诱蚊灯法和二氧化碳诱捕法在江苏省苏州、常州、无锡、南京、南通、扬州、泰州、连云港、徐州和淮安10个口岸地区诱捕蚊虫,提取单只蚊虫的DNA,PCR扩增后检测蚊虫Wolbachia wsp基因,计算感染率;并对所有wsp基因进行测序及系统发育分析.结果 共检测江苏省10个口岸地区的5种常见蚊虫,Wolbachia总感染率为26.80％,以尖音库蚊复合组感染率(47.81％)最高,其次为骚扰阿蚊(46.24％)、白纹伊蚊(34.06％)和三带喙库蚊(1.25％),而中华按蚊未见感染.这些蚊虫的Wolbachia wsp基因共享10个单倍型,其遗传距离在0.002～0.263之间.Hap-1、Hap-7、Hap-8、Hap-9和Hap-10为同种蚊虫所独有,而Hap-2、Hap-4和Hap-5在江苏不同口岸蚊虫中出现的频率较高,在2～3种蚊虫间共享.其中Hap-1和Hap-2属A大组Wolbachia,而其余单倍型属B大组Wolbachia.结论 江苏各口岸常见蚊虫共携带2种Wolbachia,其在蚊虫种内、种间分布多样,基本掌握了江苏不同口岸蚊虫Wolbachia的感染情况,是将来基于Wolbachia特性对蚊媒及蚊媒病控制的关键.

目的 从食物源组分中筛选高效蝇类引诱剂,研制适合口岸蝇类监测的诱集物.方法 在前期研究的基础上,将鲜奶、奶粉、虾皮、麦麸等食物源性饵料进行配伍,分别命名为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ;以市售鱼类内脏浸提物为主要成份的诱蝇剂为对照.实验采用现场笼诱法,在办公楼区域,每月下旬监测4d,连续监测3个月,比较各饵料的诱蝇数及种类数差异.结果 各饵料诱蝇比例排序为:饵料Ⅱ40.40％(6268/15515)＞Ⅰ 31.65％(4910/15515)＞Ⅳ13.55％(2102/15515)＞Ⅲ12.95％(2010/15515)＞对照1.45％(225/15515)(P＜ 0.05);诱蝇种类数排序为:饵料Ⅰ(23种)＞Ⅱ(21种)＞Ⅲ(17种)＞Ⅳ(15种)＞对照(10种).饵料Ⅰ、Ⅱ的诱蝇数及诱蝇种类数高于饵料Ⅲ、Ⅳ及对照.结论 饵料Ⅰ、Ⅱ的诱蝇效果较好,饵料Ⅲ、Ⅳ中等,对照物较差.

Objective To study the efficacy against fleas and mites on rodents with Baishajing-aerosol product.Methods Dermatophagoides farina and Xenopsylla cheopis were selected as test subjects,an ultrafine atomizer was used to spray Baishajing-aerosol agent into simulated site to evaluate the efficacy of this product against fleas and mites.Sulphuryl fluoride and Baishajing-aerosol agents were further sprayed into the container respectively to compare the killing effect against fleas and mites.Results Fleas (24 h) and mites (48 h) mortality caused by Baishajing-aerosol agents were 100％ in simulated field.In 33.28 m3 (5.90 m × 2.35 m × 2.40 m) and 67.68 m3 (12.00 m × 2.35 m × 2.40 m) heavy container field sites,X.cheopis (24 h) mortality in Baishajing-aerosol agents and Sulphuryl fluoride groups were 100％,but there was significant difference in mortality of D.farina (48 h) in Baishajing-aerosol agents and sulphuryl fluoride groups (x 2=842.418,690.344,P＜0.001).Sulphuryl fluoride group had no obvious acaricidal effect.Conclusion Baishajing-aerosol agent has a remarkable control effects against fleas and mites,and it is worthy of further research and application.