<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">腹泻是中国重要的公共卫生问题之一,常见于5岁以下儿童,给个人、家庭和社会均带来较大负担。本文从感染性因素和非感染性因素2个主要方面对5岁以下儿童腹泻发生的影响因素进行综述,旨在为5岁以下儿童腹泻的预防控制提供参考依据。</span>

Objective:To explore the protective effect of ellagic acid on the acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) of the mice,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low,medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups (n=10).The mice in normal control group and model group were treated with 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solvent by intragastic administration,and the mice in ellagic acid groups were treated with 160,320,and 480 mg·kg-1 ellagic acid by intragastic administration,respectively.After 14 d,the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1 0.1% CCl4,while the mice in normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1plant oil.16 h later,all the mice were sacrificed and the body weights and the liver indexes of the mice were detected;the serum levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST) were detected;the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and levels of GSH-Px,malonalde hyde(MDA) and catalase(CAT) in liver tissue of the mice were detected.Results:There were no significant differences of the body weights of the mice between each group before and after treatment(P>0.05).Compared with normal control group,the liver indexes and the levels of serum ALT and AST of the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the liver indexes of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were decreased(P<0.05);the serum levels of ALT and AST of the mice in high dose of ellagic acid group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the CAT level in liver homogenate was significantly increased (P<0.05);the levels of GSH-Px in liver homogenate of the mice in medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05);the activities of SOD in liver homogenate of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the MDA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion:The ellagic acid has the protective effect on acute chemical liver injury in the mice induced by CCl4 and the most effective dose is 480 mg·kg-1;its mechanism may be related to the anti-oxidation.

目的 探讨本院近3年小儿下呼吸道革兰阴性菌(G-)感染者的病原学及耐药情况,为临床合理应用抗生素提供参考.方法 采集住院患儿下呼吸道感染5838例合格痰标本进行细菌培养和药敏分析.结果 5838例共分离622株G-,其检出率为10.65％.不同年度G-检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3年患儿下呼吸道分泌物检出G-依次分别为肺炎克雷伯菌31.2％、大肠埃希菌28.9％、产气肠杆菌8.0％、铜绿假单胞菌4.5％、1-脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌3.5％,2009年和2010年度肺炎克雷伯菌检出构成比高于2008年度(x2 =18.60,42,33,P＜0.01),2010年度肺炎克雷伯菌检出构成比与2009年度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余菌株各年度检出构成比比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).小儿下呼吸道4种主要G-对10种常用抗菌素均存在不同程度的耐药率,耐药率较低的为亚胺培南,其次为舒普生、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、阿米卡星抗生素,而氨苄西林、派拉西林、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松及头孢拉啶耐药率达35.9％～92.4％.结论 小儿下呼吸道G-感染中以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、产气肠杆菌及铜绿假单胞菌为主,其对10种常用抗生素存在着不同程度的耐药率,建议收集呼吸道分泌物做细菌培养及药物敏感试验,为临床合理应用抗生素提供依据,既能避免滥用抗生素,又可降低细菌耐药率的发生,是降低耐药率的关键措施。

[目的]探讨过敏性紫癜(HSP)与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的关系及其耐药性的分析,为HSP的治疗提供依据.[方法]对96例腹型HSP患儿行胃镜检查,活检组织行快速尿素酶实验及Hp培养药敏实验.[结果]96例HSP患儿Hp阳性52例,阳性率54.17％；胃黏膜中培养Hp 52株,其对甲硝唑的耐药率为46.15％,未见对克拉霉素、阿莫仙、庆大霉素、痢特灵、左氧氟沙星的耐药情况.[结论]Hp感染可能是HSP的病因之一,本地区儿童目前Hp对甲硝唑耐药性强,治疗应避免单一用药,建议治疗前作药敏实验.

目的 探讨脑脊液置换治疗小儿蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)、脑室出血(IVH)的临床效果,以提高疗效,改善SAH、IVH患者预后.方法 全部病例分成治疗组(12例)和对照组(12例),治疗组在常规治疗基础上采用脑脊液(CSF)置换疗法,对照组只采用常规治疗.结果 头痛与颈项强直恢复时间及意识恢复时间、一周后CSF恢复率、脑血管痉挛发生率2组对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 置换血性脑脊液能降低颅内压,改善脑脊液循环,防止蛛网膜粘连,缓解脑血管痉挛,提高患者生存质量.

患儿,女,14岁.因反复发热3个月,发现心脏杂音1个半月,抽搐1次于2007-01-29入院.

目的 探讨金属硫蛋白(MT)1E基因多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的关系.方法 采用PCR-RFLP法检测149例T2DM患者和244例正常对照者的MT1E基因上的一个SNP-rs 708274,应用SPSS统计学软件处理数据,进行统计学分析.结果 病例组和对照组等位基因T和G比较差异有显著性(x2=4.072,P＜0.05);TT,TG,GG三种基因型频数分布在病例组和对照组中存在差异(x2=8.252,P＜0.05).结论 在中国北方汉族人群中MT1E rs 708274位点基因多态性可能与T2DM相关.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metallothionein 1B(MT1B) gene locus on chromosome 16 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han people in North-East China.Methods The PCR-RFLP method was employed to detect the genotypes of MT1B gene in 277 subjects including 130 patients with T2DM(case group) and 147 unrelated healthy individuals.Results No significant differences were found in the frequencies of allele and genotype of the SNP(rs8052334)G-C mutation of MT1B gene between the case and the control(χ~2=0.251,P0.05),(χ~2=0.248,P0.05).Conclusion There is no genetic association between the MT1B gene polymorphism and T2DM in Han people in North-East China.

骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)是一种带负电的非胶原性骨基质糖蛋白,OPN由多种组织细胞合成与分泌,广泛的分布于多种组织和细胞中,包括骨,肾,肌肉,膀胱及自然杀伤细胞[1].骨细胞、破骨细胞、血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、多种肿瘤细胞及不同成熟阶段的成骨细胞均能合成和分泌OPN分子[2],近年来OPN作为一种机体反应蛋白,在各器官系统的作用逐渐引起人们的关注.