Abstract Background Gut microbes play an important role in the growth and development of fish. The Tibetan Plateau fish Glyptosternum maculatum is a unique species of sisorid catfish living in the river up to 4200 m altitude. Results To understand the mechanisms underlying the ability of G. maculatum to adapt to the high-altitude habitat, the intestinal microbiota of G. maculatum was studied. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of intestinal microorganisms of wild and cultured G. maculatum to explore the characteristics of intestinal microorganisms and compared the gut microbial community of wild and cultured G. maculatum. The results showed that the α-diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiome were higher in wild G. maculatum than in cultured fish. The most abundant phylum in both G. maculatum were Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes; Cetobacterium and Cupriavidus are the most dominant genus. The membership and structure of intestinal bacterial communities in wild G. maculatum are similar to the cultured fish, suggesting that a core microbiota is present in both G. maculatum intestinal bacterial communities. Metastats analysis showed that six genera were differentially represented between the wild and cultured G. maculatum. Conclusions The most interesting characteristic of the intestinal microbial communities of G. maculatum is that there were large numbers of Cupriavidus, which may play an important role in the adaptation of G. maculatum to the water of the Yarlung Zangbo River with a high Cu content. This result, in turn, can guide us on breeding G. maculatum.

The Schizothoracinae fishes, endemic species in the Tibetan Plateau, are considered as ideal models for highland adaptation and speciation investigation. Despite several transcriptome studies for highland fishes have been reported before, the transcriptome information of Schizothoracinae is still lacking. To obtain comprehensive transcriptome data for Schizothoracinae, the transcriptome of a total of 183 samples from 14 representative Schizothoracinae species, were sequenced and de novo assembled. As a result, about 1,363 Gb transcriptome clean data was obtained. After the assembly, we obtain 76,602–154,860 unigenes for each species with sequence N50 length of 1,564–2,143 bp. More than half of the unigenes were functionally annotated by public databases. The Schizothoracinae fishes in this work exhibited diversified ecological distributions, phenotype characters and feeding habits; therefore, the comprehensive transcriptome data of those species provided valuable information for the environmental adaptation and speciation of Schizothoracinae in the Tibetan Plateau.

The Gymnocypris scleracanthus, a species of genus Gymnocypris belongs to Schizothoracinaein Cyprinidae. In this study, the complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequence of G. scleracanthus was determined. The 16,771 bp long circular molecule contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two non-coding regions, showing a typical vertebrate pattern. These genes except ND6 and eight tRNA genes were encoded on the H-strand. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the G. scleracanthus was a part of genus Gymnocypris and had closer relationship with Gymnocypris dobula and was independent from other species of Psilorhynchus and Labeoninae in Cyprinidae.

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Schizothorax curilabiatus was determined and analyzed. This mitochondrial genome was 16,578bp in length and showed significant AT bias (55.5% AT content, 44.5% GC content). Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. curilabiatus is more closely related to S. oconnori than to other species. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence provides an important dataset for the exploration of mitochondrial inheritance mechanism.

[Objective]The present paper aims to explore the changes of microorganisms community between healthy individuals and diseased individuals of Oxygymnocypris stewarti.[Method]The skin mucus and intestinal contents of Oxygymnocypris stewarti by using Illumina-Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology were studied.[Result] The bacterial diversity in the skin mucus and intestinal contents after Oxygymnocypris stewarti death were decreased,however,the fungi diversity were increased;The dominant microbial of Pseudomonas sp.,Vagococcus sp.,Providencia sp.,Morganella sp.,Pleosporales,Mucorales,Tremellales and Agaricomycetes in the skin mucus were decreased,meanwhile the dominant microbial of Acinetobacter sp.,Proteus sp.,Carnobacterium sp.and Malassezia sp.were increased;The dominant microbial of Acinetobacter sp.,Flavobacterium sp.,Vagococcus sp.,Carnobacterium sp.,Bacillus sp.and Malassezia sp.in the intestinal contents were decreased,meanwhile the dominant microbial of Pseudomonas sp.,Tremellales and Agaricomycetes were increased.[Conclusion]The bacterial and fungal community structure changes were the main causes of Oxygymnocypris stewarti.death.

The Gymnocypris chui, a new recorded species in Lange Lake, was grouped into genus Gymnocypris in Schizothoracinae, and had the rare quantity and limited resources on biology and genetics, especially in the mitochondrion. In this study, the complete mitochondrial sequence of G. chui was assembled and phylogenetic relationships with other species in Cyprinidae were analyzed. The whole mitochondrial sequence was 16,864 bp in length, which contained two control regions (D-loop regions), two rRNA genes (12S and 16S rRNA), 13 protein-coding genes and 22 tRNA genes. The D-loop region was separated by tRNAPro. The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA located between tRNAPhe and tRNALeu and were separated by tRNAVal. The 13 mRNAs had three start codons, five termination codons and four overlap regions. The 22 tRNA scattered among the whole mitochondrion, and they were range from 66 (tRNACys) to 76 (tRNALys andtRNALeu) in length. To further explore the phylogenetic relationship of the G. chui, we constructed the phylogenetic tree and verified that the G. chui was a part of genus Gymnocypris and had closer relationship with Gymnocypris dobula and was independent from other species of Schizothoracinae, Barbinae and Labeoninae in Cyprinidae. This study provided the valuable evidence on phylogenetic relationship of the G. chui at the molecular level and essential resource for further research on this species.

一、西藏鱼类放生现状 近年来,随着西藏经济的快速发展,人民生活水平的日益提高,越来越多的人参与到鱼类放生活动中去,形成了针对鱼类放生活动相对稳定的供需关系和市场,且规模有逐渐扩大的趋势,甚至由"买鱼放生"衍生出了"捕鱼产业链",即捕捞当地河流中的土著鱼种来贩卖的产业链.目前,西藏各大农贸市场均有针对放生而销售的鱼,被称为"放生鱼".放生鱼也成为了部分水产市场的主营商品,市场上出售的放生鱼除了各种规格的西藏野生鱼类外,还有多种外来鱼种,如鲤、鲫、草鱼、泥鳅等.

钢结构防火涂料广泛用于工业厂房、机场、车库、体育馆、购物中心等建筑的钢结构防火保护,在防灾减灾中发挥了重要作用。但由于经济利益的驱动,钢结构防火涂料施工质量存在很多问题,潜伏着很大的安全隐患,钢结构建筑在火灾中导致垮塌时有发生,因此,加强钢结构的防火保护,保障钢结构防火涂料的施工质量,是做好防火减灾工作的重要内容。

涂料广泛运用在工农生产及家庭装修,是即经济实惠,又施工简便的高装饰性及防腐蚀的产品。随着国家标准的提高,对涂料厚度、干燥时间、柔韧性、光泽、附着力、硬度、耐水性等做了相关规定,分析了使用过程中涂膜的厚度对产品性能的影响。

文章通过分析库存控制过程中碳排放的要素,构建出基于碳排放成本的库存控制模型,对低碳供应链中的库存控制的要素进行了分析,并给出了具体的实现方案。该模型有利于进一步提升供应链的核心竞争力,推动低碳供应链管理的深入研究。

外墙外保温是我国建筑节能的主要方式,但是随着国家节能目标的逐步提高和高效有机保温材料的广泛应用,外墙外保温的防火安全性问题确越来越突出。本文分析了外墙保温工程火灾发生的三个阶段和外墙外保温防火现状,并且通过对不同保温材料的保温性能、防火性能等优缺点的比较和几种外墙外保温工程,外保温系统消防安全性能的分析,提出了外墙外保温防火的途径和未来外墙外保温防火需要研究的工作和方向。

目的:科学评估强化免疫接种率、了解强化免疫后麻疹疫苗覆盖率,以指导下一阶段消除麻疹的工作。方法:按PPS抽样法,调查35个行政村的目标儿童,输入EpiData软件进行统计分析。结果:调查439名儿童,其中常住290名,流动149名。麻疹疫苗基础接种率99.77%,麻疹相关疫苗加强接种率98.94%。常住儿童强化接种率100%,流动儿童强化接种率99.33%。常住和流动儿童强化免疫接种率差异无统计学意义。麻疹强化免疫报告接种率与评估接种率差异无统计学意义。结论:控制和消除麻疹发病,除加强传染源(患者)管理外最有效的措施是保护易感人群,提高并维持高水平麻疹疫苗接种率,加强麻疹疫情及健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测,制定防控策略。

职务消费问题是当前领导干部滋生和助长腐败的一种表现形式。而腐败实质主要为权力的滥用,因此应当在权力体制和结构的改革上寻求对策,改善权力运作的体制环境和相关环境,建立健全监督制约机制,切实加强对权力制约和监督,使国家工作人员"不能"违法犯罪。实践证明,民主政治的发展同权力腐败的发生,通常呈反比关系。尽管民主政治做不到完全根除腐败,但确实可以起到减少腐败发生和控制腐败规模的作用。强化对权力的社会监督,是防止干部腐败的重要手段,加强职务消费的公众和舆论监督,是从根本上铲除公款奢侈浪费的有效途径。

文章以营稍理念为切入点,有机将价值链管理、服务利润链管理、优劣分析等管理思想相融合,采取技术经济学的方法,全面而系统的分析营销理念在医院经济管理实践中应用的实效性和可行性。

The system is mainly based on the Internet in the computer, use wireless data communication technologies and construct a “Internet of Things” of guardian body bio-information. This paper discusses various sensor nodes in the human body, how these nodes collected information through the wireless sensor network to relay station, the relay station pass through open computer networks to achieve information exchange and sharing, then implement the human body “guardianship” Management.

View of current lack of health examination equipment in the rural area, we present a portable, integrated, multi-functional health examination package based on the Loogson-2F CPU for physical examination in the rural area. In this paper, we mainly described the overall design of the system and the architecture of the supporting software in the system. The health examination package is portable, integrated, inexpensive, low power, simplicity of operator, and can be easily extended. The system can check up the patient's state of health precisely, has good development and applied prospects.

介绍了气体灭火系统检测中发现的问题,分析了问题的危害,给出了正确的解决方法。

Recent advances in wireless communication, semiconductor, embedded system and sensor technology have made it possible to build low cost, low power consumption, reconfigurable wireless vision sensor nodes. Wireless vision sensor networks, which consist of wirelessly connected embedded systems with vision capabilities, provide wide a variety of applications that are impossible to be realized with the vision systems with wired connection or the scalar-data based wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a novel wireless vision sensor node with the FPGA+microcontroller system on programmable chip (SOPC) architecture is presented. Especially, image compression problem of the wireless vision sensor node is discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the proposed technique is feasible.

In this paper we present a novel wireless acquisition system for the real ambulance field which could be equipped on ambulance vehicle to realize pre-hospital treatment for patients. The distinctive feature of the system is that it can not only provide biomedical information including the oxygen saturation, the ECG, the blood pressure, the temperature and the heart rate of patients, but also supply an interactive multimedia communication module including audio and video information. Several important techniques, e.g., the wireless sensor network, the audio and video compression and the CDMA telecommunication module, will be discussed in this paper.

After the catastrophic floods along the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in 1998, the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements and the State Environmental Protection Administration of China jointly developed a methodology for assessing flood vulnerability that would be user-friendly for policy-makers. This report discusses this methodology, described herein with a trial application to the critical Dongting Lake Region, using an applied analytical hierarchy process to establish vulnerability weights, and geographical information systems to present the results in a readily comprehensible manner. This study is the first vulnerability assessment undertaken in China specifically directed at flood prevention.