Background Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important factor in meat quality, and triglyceride (TG) and Phospholipids (PLIP), as the main components of IMF, are of great significance to the improvement of meat quality. Results In this study, we used 30 RNA sequences generated from the transcriptome of chicken breast muscle tissues at different developmental stages to construct a gene expression matrix to map RNA sequence reads to the chicken genome and identify the transcript of origin. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified 27 co-expression modules, 10 of which were related to TG and PLIP. We identified 150 highly-connected hub genes related to TG and PLIP, respectively, which were found to be mainly enriched in the adipocytokine signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Additionally, using the BioMart database, we identified 134 and 145 candidate genes related to fat development in the TG-related module and PLIP-related module, respectively. Among them, RPS6KB1, BRCA1, CDK1, RPS3, PPARGC1A, ACSL1, NDUFAB1, NDUFA9, ATP5B and PRKAG2 were identified as candidate genes related to fat development and highly-connected hub genes in the module, suggesting that these ten genes may be important candidate genes affecting IMF deposition. Conclusions RPS6KB1, BRCA1, CDK1, RPS3, PPARGC1A, ACSL1, NDUFAB1, NDUFA9, ATP5B and PRKAG2 may be important candidate genes affecting IMF deposition. The purpose of this study was to identify the co-expressed gene modules related to chicken IMF deposition using WGCNA and determine key genes related to IMF deposition, so as to lay a foundation for further research on the molecular regulation mechanism underlying chicken fat deposition.

[目的]探讨饲粮中添加复合益生菌对肉鸡免疫功能的影响,为复合益生菌在三黄鸡生产中的应用提供依据.[方法]选取60羽身体健康、体重相近的1日龄三黄鸡为研究对象,随机分为4组,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0％(对照组)、0.4％(低剂量组)、0.6％(中剂量组)和0.8％(高剂量组)复合益生菌的试验饲粮,试验期42 d.在试验第21天和第42天采集试验鸡静脉血,并采用ELISA法测定三黄鸡血清中IgA、IgG和IgM含量.[结果]与对照组相比,中剂量和高剂量复合益生菌能显著提高21日龄三黄鸡血清中IgM的含量;复合益生菌中剂量组和高剂量组能显著提高42日龄三黄鸡血清中IgM和IgG含量,高剂量组可显著提高血清中IgG含量.[结论]日粮中添加复合益生菌能够有效提高肉鸡的免疫能力.综合考虑饲料成本,三黄鸡饲粮中复合益生菌的最佳添加量为0.8％.

为了提高高职《动物病理》课程教学质量,针对高职《动物病理》课程教学存在的问题,创新教学方法与手段,不仅能很好地解决课程教学中存在的问题,而且很好地提高学生学习的主动性,从而提高了课程教学质量.

采集了2020 年1 月—2023 年6 月广西壮族自治区某种鸡场的花鸡、麻鸡、乌鸡3 个品系的雏鸡胎粪及不同周龄鸡的血浆样本合计160 396 份,对其进行鸡白血病病毒p27(ALV-p27)抗原检测.对抗原阳性率进行分析,结果显示,3 个品系ALV-p27 抗原总阳性率从2.28%下降至1.21%.雏鸡胎粪、公鸡全血及母鸡全血样本中均存在较低ALV-p27 抗原阳性率.3 个不同品系的鸡在不同生长周期检测过程中呈现出不规律的排毒期.该种鸡场通过3 个不同品系鸡的排毒规律调整禽白血病控制和净化方案,增加抽检次数,淘汰阳性鸡,从而达到了较好的净化效果.

San-Huang chicken is a high-quality breed in China with yellow feather, claw and break. However, the abnormal phenomenon of the yellow shank turning into green shank of San-Huang chicken has been a concern, as it seriously reduces the carcass quality and economic benefit of yellow-feathered broilers. In this study, the cause of this abnormal green skin in shank was systematically investigated. Physiological anatomy revealed that the abnormal skin in shank was primarily due to the deposition of melanin under the dermis. After analyzing multiple potential causes such as heredity (pedigree and genetic markers), environment (water quality monitoring) and feed composition (mycotoxin detection), excessive aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in feed was screened, accompanied with a higher L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) (P<0.05) and melanin content (P<0.01). So it was speculated that excessive AFB1 might be the main cause of abnormal green skin in shank. Subsequently, the further results showed that a high concentration of AFB1 (>170 μg kg–1) indeed induced the abnormal green skin in shank compared to the normal AFB1 content (<10 μg kg–1), and the mRNA levels of TYR, TYRP1, MITE, MC1R and EDN3 genes related to melanin deposition would significantly up-regulate (P<0.01) and the content and activity of tyrosinase (TyR) significantly increased (P<0.05). At the same time, the content of L-DOPA and melanin deposition also increased significantly (P<0.01), which also confirmed the effect of excessive AFB1 on melanin deposition in skin of shank. Results of additional experiments revealed that the AFB1’s negative effect on melanin deposition in skin of shank could last for a longer time. Taken together, the results of this study explained the occurrence and possible mechanisms of the abnormal AFB1-related green skin in shank of chickens. Excessive AFB1 in diets increased the L-DOPA content and melanin abnormal deposition in the chicken shank possibly via promoting TyR content and activity, and the expression of melanin synthesis-related genes. Furthermore, our findings once again raised the alarm of the danger of AFB1 in the broiler production.

为建立一种同时检测H7亚型和N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的双重纳米PCR(nano-dPCR)方法,从Gen-Bank中分别下载H7亚型AIV的HA基因序列和N2亚型AIV的NA基因序列,采用Primer 7.0和Oligo 6.0软件设计了2对特异性引物,通过对nano-dPCR反应条件进行优化确定最佳反应体系;利用优化好的反应体系开展nano-dPCR方法的特异性和敏感性试验;采集活禽市场家禽咽喉及泄殖腔拭子样品进行临床样品检测并进行验证.结果表明,成功建立了一种同时检测H7亚型(723 bp)和N2亚型(314 bp)AIV的nano-dPCR方法,该方法特异性良好,其他亚型禽流感病毒及常见禽类呼吸道病毒均未出现特异性的条带,H7亚型AIV和N2亚型AIV的最低核酸检测量分别达到了5×103、5×103拷贝/μL,其敏感性是普通双重PCR检测方法的10倍,其对临床样品检测结果准确率达到100％,可以用于禽流感临床样品鉴别诊断和日常防控监测.

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to explore the pharmacological activity and overall mechanism of compound plant essential oils（oregano essential oil,cinnamaldehyde,Eucalyptus oil）based on network pharmacology．【Method】The targets of compound plant essential oils were screened using TCMSP database.The drug-ingredient-target network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1software,and PPI network was constructed by STRING and visualization.The targets were annotated by GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis through DAVID database.And AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking of selected active components and key targets．【Result】Compound plant essential oils acted on the key targets including interleukin 6（IL6）,prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2）,Tolllike receptors 4（TLR4）,transcription factor p65（RELA）,nitric-oxide synthase,endothelial（NOS3）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor（AHR）,cytochrome P450 1A1（CYP1A1）,NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha（NFKBIA）,gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor alpha-2subunit（GABRA2）and so on with 8active ingredients.The GO function enrichment analysis showed that 269items were obtained,181items were related to biological processes,involving adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway,regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential,etc.,59items related to cell components,involving integral component of plasma membrane,neuron projection,etc..29items related to molecular functions,involving neurotransmitter receptor activity,excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity,etc..KEGG pathway analysis showed that 72items related to signal pathways,and participated in the regulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,lipid and atherosclerosis,cGMP-PK signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,TLR signaling pathway,Th17cell differentiation,etc..It was also associated with alcoholic liver disease,Kaposi sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus infection and other diseases.The results of molecular docking showed that the core components such as eugenol,caryophyllene,thymol were closely bound to the key targets such as IL6and PTGS2,and had good affinity．【Conclusion】The compound plant essential oils might act on key targets such as eugenol,caryophyllene,thymol,D-limonene,cinnamaldehyde and other active ingredients,played an important role mainly through regulating of nerves and immune systems,anti-bacterial,antiinflammatory and anti-tumor signaling pathways acting on IL6,PTGS2,TLR4,RELA and other key targets.The compound plant essential oils had a multi-component,multi-target,multipathway action mechanism.

试验旨在研究肉鸡日粮中添加复合植物精油(牛至精油、肉桂醛、桉叶油)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响.试验选择120只1日龄的体重接近、健康的肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡.对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,低、中、高剂量组分别在日粮中添加100、200、300 mg/kg复合植物精油.肉鸡分1～21、22～42、43～60 d 3个阶段饲养,试验期60 d.结果显示,中、高剂量组肉鸡在1～21、22～42、1～42 d平均日增重(ADG)显著高于对照组和低剂量组(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著低于其他2组(P<0.05).低、中、高剂量组肉鸡43～60 d平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于对照组(P<0.05).中、高剂量组肉鸡血清中新城疫抗体效价、血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、lgM)含量均显著高于对照组和低剂量组(P<0.05).低、中、高剂量组肉鸡血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05).研究表明,饲粮中添加复合植物精油能够改善肉鸡生长性能,增强机体免疫功能及抗氧化能力,添加量为200 mg/kg较为适宜.

The experiment was to investigate effect of adding complex plant essential oils (oregano essential oil, cinnamaldehyde, eucalyptus oil) to diet of broilers on growth performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity. A total of 120 one-day-old healthy broilers with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and 10 broilers in each replicate. The control group broilers were fed with basic diet, while low, medium and high dose groups were supplemented with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of composite plant essential oil in basic diet, respectively. Broilers were raised in three stages: 1~21, 22~42 and 43~60 d, the experiment lasted for 60 d. The results showed that ADG of broilers in medium and high dose groups was significantly higher than that in control group and low dose group on 1~21, 22~42 and 1~42 d (P<0.05), and F/G was significantly lower than other two groups (P<0.05). The ADFI of broilers in low, medium and high dose groups on 43~60 d was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Titer of newcastle disease antibody and content of serum IgG, IgA and lgM in medium and high dose groups of broilers were significantly higher than those in control group and low dose group (P<0.05). T-AOC and T-SOD in serum of broilers in low, medium and high dose groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and content of MDA was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that adding complex plant essential oils to diet can improve growth performance, enhance immune function and antioxidant capacity of broilers with an appropriate dosage of 200 mg/kg.

为带动石漠化山区贫困人口脱贫工作,促进当地生态圈良性发展,我们开展林下生态养鸡技术研究与示范工作,有效带动贫困户增收脱贫、促进村集体经济发展壮大、拓展当地农业横向融合发展.

大多养鸡场均坐落在地理位置比较偏远的农村,一些小型养鸡场或养鸡户,疾病防控意识比较淡薄,技术力量相对薄弱,一旦鸡群发生异常情况,首先会请教相对专业的基层兽医人员来诊断和治疗,因此,基层兽医成为常见鸡病防控的中坚力量,越来越受畜牧行业的关注和重视.随着人们生活水平的提高,促使养鸡业得到迅猛发展,鸡群饲养规模和数量逐渐增加,鸡群感染疾病的情况越来越复杂,为了确保鸡群健康生长,促使养鸡业有序发展,常见鸡病防控成为基层兽医人员的工作重点.此文对基层兽医常见鸡病的防控措施进行阐述,为今后养鸡生产中的鸡病防控提供重要依据.

建立了一种同时检测H5亚型和N8亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的双重纳米PCR(nano-dPCR)方法,运用该方法可以同时检测出H5亚型和N8亚型AIV.登录GenBank下载H5亚型AIV HA和N8亚型AIV NA基因的序列进行比对分析,依据分析结果进行特异性引物的设计.经过多次验证实验,筛选出最佳的两对引物组合进行nano-dPCR反应体系的建立并优化反应条件,同时进行特异性实验、敏感性实验和临床样品检测验证.实验结果表明:该方法特异性良好,其他不同禽流感亚型及禽病病原体均未扩增出任何特异性条带,H5亚型AIV和N8亚型AIV的最低核酸检测量均达到了5×102拷贝/μL,其敏感性是普通PCR检测方法的100倍,可以用于临床样品检测.所建立的nano-dPCR检测方法可以同时对H5亚型和N8亚型AIV进行检测,具有很好的特异性和敏感性,为H5亚型和N8亚型AIV防控提供了新的技术支撑.

为了研究乳酸处理水体外抑菌效果及其对三黄鸡血清指标和粪便pH的影响,采用平板计数法观察不同pH乳酸处理水体外抑制大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的效果.试验分乳酸处理无菌水组、无菌水组、抗生素组和空白对照组,培养2、8、14、20、24 h后,分别对其菌落数进行计数.根据体外抑菌结果,选取1日龄三黄鸡120只,分对照组和乳酸饮水组进行饲养,测定血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT),记录每天的粪便pH.结果表明,①乳酸处理水在pH为1～2、2～3、3～4时,大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均在培养2 h开始平板菌落数为0;pH为4～5时,两种菌在培养8 h开始平板菌落数明显减少;pH为5～6时,大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分别在培养24 h和14 h时菌落数明显减少.②乳酸饮水组13日龄和25日龄三黄鸡的血清总蛋白和球蛋白显著高于对照组(P<0.05);白蛋白高于对照组(P>0.05);γ-谷草转氨酶和A/G值差异不显著(P>0.05).与对照组比较,粪便pH差异不显著(P>0.05),但有下降趋势.由此可见,乳酸处理水pH为1～4时能有效抑制体外大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌,三黄鸡饮用pH为3～4乳酸处理水,利于血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白生成,促进鸡群健康,增强机体免疫力,调节消化道pH.

高致病性禽流感、新城疫、禽白血病、鸡白痢等主要动物疫病防控是规模化种鸡场生产管理中的重要工作.本文对规模化种鸡场主要动物疫病的实际防控措施进行归纳总结,并对4种主要动物疫病的净化措施和日常监测情况做重点阐述,通过对主要动物疫病长期持续的防控和净化措施高度重视、落实到位,规模化种鸡场取得显著的经济效益和社会效益.

为提高鸡血浆中禽白血病病毒(avian leukosis virus,ALV)的检出率,提高净化效果,本试验随机选择94只225日龄淘汰公鸡,采集血浆分别采用常规的离心法和改进的自然沉淀法进行血清分离、DF-1细胞培养,然后采用ELISA试剂盒检测ALV P27抗原,并对检测结果进行SPSS对比分析后利用改进法对两个品种鸡群开展净化检测.结果显示:改进法(A组)细胞培养状态优于常规法(B组),A组P27抗原检测阳性率比B组提高了6.39％,两组的OD值差异不显著(P>0.05),净化检测可基本实现ALV净化.结果表明,改进法省去了离心流程,有利于DF-1细胞的生长和维持,并提高了检出率,从而可以加快ALV净化进程.

研究以广西南丹瑶鸡、无量山乌骨鸡等地方鸡品种选育的B系、A系、L系、隐性白羽鸡R1系为材料,采用金陵麻乌鸡1[W♂×(B♂×R1♀)♀]、金陵麻乌鸡2[W♂×(B♂×L♀)♀]、金陵麻乌鸡3[W♂×(A♂×R1♀)♀]、金陵麻乌鸡4[W♂×(A♂×L♀)♀]4种不同的配套方案进行杂交组合试验,分别检测不同配套组合的父母代生产性能和系列性能,高品代的生产性能,并进行中试测定.结果表明:金陵麻乌鸡1父母代母本的42日龄体重和开产体重显著低于其他3种配套组合(P<0.05),但受精率和孵化率均与其他3种配套组合相接近,300日龄平均蛋重显著高于其他3种配套组合;金陵麻乌鸡1商品代(♂:49d,♀:63d)体重优于其他3种配套组合(P<0.05),在生产成本上略高于其他3种配套组合.即W♂×(B♂×R1♀)♀配套系在雏鸡成本、商品代生产成本、屠宰性能方面的综合性能在所有组合中表现出较好的综合性能优势和经济效益,因此确定金陵麻乌鸡1配套组合为金陵麻乌鸡配套系杂交组合方式.金陵麻乌鸡1商品代的公鸡出栏重,母鸡胸肌率,母鸡腿肌率,公鸡腹脂肪率显著高于W亲本(P<0.05).中试结果表明金陵麻乌鸡1配套系的父母代种鸡和商品代肉鸡主要经济性状遗传稳定,生产性能均匀一致;肉鸡外观特征鲜明,麻羽、麻黄羽、乌胫、乌冠特征明显,具有较好的经济效益和推广价值.

试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,测定了施用复合微生物制菌剂Y30017后对蛋鸡舍内有害气体、鸡粪便排泄物成分的影响,分析该复合微生物菌剂对规模化养鸡场鸡舍环境净化的效果.结果 表明:试验组鸡舍氨气浓度和硫化氢浓度分别下降了2.26 mg/kg和1.92 mg/kg(P＜0.05);鸡粪排泄物pH值上升1.1％(P＜0.05),粗蛋白含量提高了9.17％ (P ＜0.05);每克盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量降低了37.17％ (P ＜0.01),乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量分别提高了11.49％和16.17％(P＜0.05),未检出沙门氏菌.结果 显示,鸡舍主要污染物得到有效控制,养殖环境得到较大改善,使用复合微生物菌剂Y30017控制规模化养鸡场污染物均具有良好的效果,同时可有效提高粪便废弃物的营养值,对养殖废弃物资源化利用具有良好的提质增效作用.

禽流感H9亚型病毒是低致病性病毒,感染鸡群若无并发症,死亡率不高.单独感染临床表现主要为呼吸道症状.本文就某种鸡场防控禽流感H9亚型病毒的经验和抗体的血凝抑制效价的监测结果继续介绍.该规模场的鸡群在13日龄,35日龄,170日龄进行H9的免疫,不同日龄(1,5,17,24,31,37,48,55,72,87,95,105,111,122,135,150,164,175,185,192,205,222,236,243,255,265,275,290,310,325,334,350,368,391)的鸡群进行抗体检测,共采集样本4928份,抗体均值(HI Log2)分别为9.1,4.7,5.3,2.6,4.0,4.7,7.6,6.8,9.7,10.4,8.9,9.6,11.7,9.5,11.1,11.6,11.5,11.2,10.9,11.5,12.1,10.9,10.2,10.4,11.7,10.2,10.8,11.5,10.0,11.0,9.7,10.6,10.8,10.7,9.9.从防控结果看,临床无禽流感H9亚型感染症状.结果显示免疫禽流感H9疫苗后,可以产生较高的H9抗体,能达到防控禽流感H9亚型病毒感染鸡群的目的.

为探讨粪菌移植对雏鸡的生长性能、血清白痢阳性率和屠宰性能的影响,选择972羽健康、1日龄雏鸡,随机分为6组,每组9个重复,每个重复18羽.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2％、4％、6％、8％、10％粪菌液的日粮10 d,然后改为投喂基础饲料至35日龄.结果表明:在1～14 d阶段,添加粪菌液对雏鸡的成活率、平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比影响不显著(P>0.05);在15～35 d和1～35 d阶段,2％粪菌液组鸡的平均成活率最高,分别较对照组提高了6.20％、8.17％(P<0.05);2％粪菌液组鸡的平均日增重均最高,分别较对照组提高了68.74％、29.06％(P<0.05);2％粪菌液组鸡的平均料重比最低,分别较对照组降低了53.70％、36.44％(P<0.05);2％粪菌液组35日龄鸡的血清白痢阳性率最低,较对照组降低了44.14％(P<0.05).添加2％粪菌液能提高雏鸡屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率,但较对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).研究表明,粪菌移植能够显著提高雏鸡生长性能,显著降低雏鸡血清白痢阳性率,其中添加2％粪菌液的效果最好.

研究以法国克里莫公司的黑羽矮脚鸡GF33A系、GF33B系、隐性白羽鸡R1系、地方品种WB系为材料,采用金陵黑凤1[WB♂ ×(GF33A×R1)♀]、金陵黑凤2[WB ♂×(GF33A×GF33A)♀]、金陵黑凤3[WB♂×(GF33B×R1)♀]三种不同的配套方案进行杂交组合试验,分别检测不同配套组合的父母代生产性能和繁殖性能,商品代的生产性能,并进行中试测定.结果表明:黑凤1父母代母本的42日龄体重和开产体重显著低于其他两种配套组合(P＜0.05),但受精率和孵化率均优于其他两种配套组合,300日龄平均蛋重显著高于黑凤2,低于黑凤3(P＜0.05);黑凤1商品代70日龄体重优于黑凤3,在生产成本上低于其他两种配套组合.即[WB ♂ ×(GF33A×R1)]♀配套系在雏鸡成本、商品代生产成本、屠宰性能方面在所有组合中表现出较好的综合性能优势和经济效益,因此确定黑凤1配套组合为金陵黑凤鸡配套系杂交组合方式.黑凤1商品代的公鸡出栏重、母鸡胸肌率、母鸡腿肌率、公鸡腹脂肪率显著高于WB亲本(P＜0.05).中试结果表明黑凤1配套系的父母代种鸡和商品代肉鸡主要经济性状遗传稳定,生产性能均匀一致;肉鸡外观特征鲜明,全黑羽、乌胫、乌冠特征明显,具有较好的经济效益和推广价值.