目的 调查并分析江苏省扬州市小学生视力和色觉现状,为儿童视力健康相关政策及干预提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样法抽取扬州市市区及乡镇共7所小学的7 471名1～6年级小学生,检测其视力及色觉情况,描述性分析视力低下、色弱和色盲患病率,x2检验、非参数检验分析组间差异.结果 小学生视力低下率为44.77％,配镜率为13.08％,高年级小学生视力低下率和配镜率随年级升高而增高;女生高于男生,市区高于乡镇.小学生色觉异常发生率分别为1.98％,男、女生色觉异常发生率分别是3.36％和0.50％.结论 扬州市高年级小学生视力低下率随年级增加显著增加,女生高于男生,市区高于乡镇.小学生色觉异常呈低流行,男生显著高于女生特点.应尽早指导家长和学校关注儿童视力健康,尽早开展儿童视力健康指导及干预,以减低小学生视力低下风险.

以4个具有相似的高直链淀粉含量水稻品种为试验材料,分析其淀粉和米粉的消化特性以及影n向消化特性的因素.结果 表明:相对于其他2个品种,MRX和ZXM的米粉和淀粉的酶解消化程度最低;所有品种水稻基本理化特性如表观直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、总淀粉以及蛋白质含量等对淀粉的消化特性无实质影响;不同品种间淀粉消化特性差异主要是由淀粉粒的结构差异引起的,MRX和ZXM淀粉粒在酶解消化过程中较为稳定,不易被酶侵蚀而破碎;其糊化温度和热焓值均显著高于其他2个品种,可能与其支链淀粉具有较高比例的短支链(DP 12-24)有关.

大气CO2浓度逐步升高对于不同取食方式的植食性昆虫有着不同的影响.目前,大气CO2浓度逐步升高对刺吸式口器昆虫连续世代的直接和间接影响未见系统研究.本试验研究了实验室条件下不同CO2浓度(对照浓度360μL/L和处理浓度720μL/L)对连续3代棉蚜的繁殖和死亡及棉蚜体内主要代谢物质的直接和间接影响.结果显示:(1)直接影响:大气CO2浓度升高对连续3代棉蚜的繁殖和死亡的直接影响不显著,但高浓度(720μL/L)CO2环境中饲养的棉蚜体内总糖与总蛋白的含量显著高于对照(360 μL/L)CO2处理.(2)间接影响:取食720μL/L CO2环境下生长的棉叶,每一个世代棉蚜的繁殖数都显著高于对照(取食360 μL/L环境下生长的棉叶),但死亡率与对照相比无显著差异.棉蚜体内总糖的含量显著高于对照,但是总蛋白的含量显著低于对照.试验结果表明CO2浓度升高对棉蚜无直接影响;主要通过改变寄主植物的营养物质而对棉蚜产生间接影响.CO2浓度升高会导致棉蚜种群的增长.

[Aim] Heavy metal pollution has become one of important environmental issues globally.This study aims to evaluate the effects of cadmium exposure on the flight performance of the beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua,a migratory insect.[Methods] Insect flight information system was used to study the flight performance of female and male adults of S.exigua at different ages (1,3,5 and 7 day-old),which were fed with the artificial diets containing different concentrations of cadmium (0,0.20,0.80,3.20 and 12.80 mg/kg),respectively.[Results] There were significant differences in the flight performance of S.exigua adults exposed to different concentrations of cadmium.The 3 day-old female adults stressed by low concentration of cadmium (0.20 mg/kg) were the best fliers with the longest average flight distance (36.96 km).The flight performance of S.exigua adults exposed to 0.20 mg/kg cadmium was not significantly different from that of the control.With the increase of cadmium concentration,the flight performance of both male and female adults decreased significantly.The negative effects of heavy metal cadmium stress on the performance of male adults were more obvious than on that of female adults.[Conclusion] Different concentrations of cadmium stress have significant effects on the flight performance of S.exigua adults of different ages and different sexes.

斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)是一种世界性分布的杂食性害虫,经常暴发成灾,给农业生产带来巨大损失.斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SpltNPV)能有效控制斜纹夜蛾种群数量,是有效防治斜纹夜蛾的生物制剂,具有重要的经济、生态和环保价值.本文从毒力、流行病学、分子生物学、复配剂及其田间应用和对斜纹夜蛾天敌的影响等方面综述了斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的研究进展.

采用定点定期的调查方法，结合体视镜（舜宇 SZ45-ST1）对各虫态拍照，研究了扬州地区棉蚜在越冬寄主木槿上的卵色变化、产卵历程以及次年的扩散迁移动态。结果表明，棉蚜的初产卵大多数为黑色，部分为翡翠色并且2 d 后转为黑色；12月末至1月初为棉蚜产卵盛期，3月中下旬越冬卵孵化为干母，4月初出现干雌，4月上中旬为无翅蚜，4月中旬出现有翅蚜并开始扩散。观察发现，不是所有的棉蚜都形成有翅蚜迁离冬寄生。研究结果为棉蚜的预测预报和早春棉蚜的治理进一步提供了科学依据。

在广泛调查长江下游地区稻渔共作复合生态农业模式基础上,系统研究了不同稻渔共作生态模式下中华绒螯蟹生长特征及其影响因素。结果表明,该区蟹苗放养主要以1龄蟹种与Ⅴ期幼蟹为主,体重绝对生长曲线均呈"S"形,1龄蟹种体重随体宽的增加呈指数式生长;1龄蟹种与Ⅴ期幼蟹的环境适应期分别约为1个月、2个月,增重最快期分别为9月、8月;河蟹放养规格不同时,其日增重与体重的增加随放养规格的提高而提高,Ⅴ期幼蟹的回捕率与产量比1龄蟹种分别高17.58%、13.20%;栽培植物为常优1号水稻时,Ⅴ期幼蟹的回捕率与商品蟹规格最高,分别为58.2%、72.5 g/只。蟹产量以种植水草为高;稻渔(蟹)共作各模式的纯收入差异显著,以"常优1号+1龄蟹种"模式为最高,达2.507万元/hm2。

By using single rice cultivation as a control, the effect of rice-fish culture on growth dynamic, plant type and yield formation of rice was studied. The results showed as follows: rice-fish culture improved the physical-chemical properties of arable layer soil of paddy field, extended growth period of rice, increased dry matter and LAI of different growth stages, improved three top leaves area, deterred the degeneration of leaves function, increased the diameter of stem, promoted the growth of roots and the formation of roots in the extended stem. At the same time, rice-fish culture extended the length of basal internodes, increased the number of internodes, uplifted the gravity of plant, and depressed the root vigor. For the grain yield and yield structure of rice, rice-fish culture decreased ear/tillering ratio, spikelet/panicle and seed set percentage, increased grain weight. If variety choice and cultivation technology were controlled appropriately, rice-fish culture could increase the effective panicles and improve grain yield of rice.

与常规稻田相比,稻渔(蟹)共作稻田纹枯病、稻飞虱及稻纵卷叶螟等发生危害均较轻,条纹叶枯病发生略重于常规稻田,三化螟发生较为严重,草害发生较轻.稻渔(蟹)共作稻田具备较多农业防治的便利条件,耕翻灭茬、春季灌水可有效压低越冬及冬后三化螟残留基数;选用抗病避虫品种可有效抵御条纹叶枯病等常见病虫的危害.在药剂防治方面,应注重浸种与秧田期防治,狠压移栽前病虫基数;在大田期放松对次要病虫害的防治标准;乙酰甲胺磷及其与印楝素复配使用,可有效防治三代三化螟.

初步分析了长江下游湿地农业的现状与存在的主要问题,针对性提出了该地区湿地农业发展的主要对策以及亟待研究解决的重要课题,为该地区湿地保护、养育与综合开发利用提供了一定依据.

根据当前养蟹稻田水稻与河蟹病虫发生的特点及农渔共作复合生态农业可持续发展的要求,针对性提出养蟹稻田水稻与河蟹病虫防治中药物的使用原则,以期为稻苗养蟹这一生态模式的健康发展提供理论依据与实践指导.

实现稻渔(蟹)共作系统内稻蟹生育与季节的优化同步,要求水稻的栽插期不仅要考虑到其相应的栽培管理和水稻群体的形成,为河蟹的生长发育创造有利的环境条件,还要考虑到水稻本身的安全生育及高产优质.本研究在明确上述问题的基础上,初步构建了稻蟹生育与季节优化同步的模式.

在水稻正常生长季节,对用农杆菌介导法获得的Xa21转基因水稻中花11号、盐恢559的T2～T4代株系,以及盐恢559-Xa21作父本配制的杂交种进行自叶枯病抗性鉴定和田间农艺性状调查.结果表明:所获得的转基因材料均为Xa21基因的单拷贝插入,其遗传行为符合孟德尔的一对基因分离规律;Xa21基因在纯合或杂合状态下对白叶枯病都具有良好的抗性;在转因基后代中发现有生育期迟熟、叶片黄化、颖壳有褐斑等变异类型,绝大部分转化系未见农艺性状有明显变异.经筛选鉴定,获得与受体亲本性状一致可直接应用于生产的盐恢559-Xa21株系.

在回顾我国稻米产业的历史和产业现状分析的基础上,对稻米产业的现代化问题进行了剖析和探讨.并就目前我国稻米产业如何加快现代化步伐,提出了一些对策和建议.

The technology of bunch planting with platstic film in late-sown wheat improved the accumulated temperture, preserved the soil moisture during the earlier stage?made wheat emergence earlier, and accelerated the speed of leaf emergence. Compared with the drilling planting without plastic film, the number of main stems and tillers were increased and decreased sharply, the LAI was high in the former stage and low in the later stage, the accumulated dry matter was high in the former stage and low in the later stage, the grain filling intensity was high in the former stage and low in the later stage, the amount of N uptake was high in the former stage and low in the later stage, the content of chlorophyll and intensity of photosynthetic were low after anthesis, the potential of grain yield was high; the content of protein, wet gluten, development time, stability time, valorimeter value of grain and dough were decreased. In the high benefit planting pattern area of Huaibei of Jiangsu, the technology of bunch planting with plastic film could be adopted by paying attention to suit measures to local conditions, in the rainy area of Huainan of Jiangsu wheat planting with plastic film had defects which were difficult to get higher yield, better quality and greater effective, so we should cautiously popularize and apply it.

Based on great achievements of rice cultivation science in China since foundation of PRC(1949),practical problems which cultivation science in rice faced currently were analyzed;From the aspects of production,economy and ecology harmonize and development in rice, ten key aspects of innovation and development which rice cultivation science should study in future were discussed;Based on that, some suggestions were put forward.

The experiment from 1998 to 2000 in Yangzhou showed that 188.25-240.45 (N), 48.15-54.15 (P 2O 5) and 86.70-169.50 (K 2O) kg·hm -2 were absorbed by late sown wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 10) with grain yield of 7 771.20-9 311.25 kg·hm -2 . Grain yield was significantly postively correlated with the accumulated amount of N and K 2O. Increasing N accumulation amount and decreasing K leakage amount after anthesis were beneficial to high yield.Proper seedling density and high ratio of top dressing N could promote the accumulation of N, P, K and raise grain yield.

针对水稻转基因育种中存在的一些实际问题，如转基因受体亲本的选择、转基因品种必须保持受体品种的遗传组成等，展开了讨论，并提出了一些具体的解决措施。