Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

An anthracene-functionalized Schiff base ligand (DHBAA) and its poly(azomethine) derivative (p-DHBAA) were synthesized via condensation and oxidative polycondensation reactions. Structural characterization by FT-IR, NMR, UV–Vis, and GPC analyses confirmed the successful formation of the target compounds. DHBAA exhibited highly selective “turn-on” fluorescence sensing toward Fe3+ ions, showing a ∼ 5-fold enhancement in emission intensity due to chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF). Fluorescence titration studies revealed a low detection limit of 0.21 μM and a binding constant of 4.75 × 104 M−1, with excellent selectivity over competing metal ions. Thermal analysis of p-DHBAA demonstrated high thermal stability, significant char yield, and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) above 31%, indicating flame-retardant behavior. Moreover, p-DHBAA displayed blue–green photoluminescence under UV light. These results highlight the dual functionality of the synthesized materials, with DHBAA serving as an efficient Fe3+ fluorescent probe and p-DHBAA offering promising luminescent and flame-retardant properties for advanced material applications.

Bovine colostrum (BC) is the first milk produced in the first few days after birth, notable for its high concentration of nutrients and immune factors, and clearly distinct from mature milk. Colostrum contains numerous proteins and bioactive peptides derived from them that support the growth, development, and immunological defenses of newborns. These peptides are primarily derived from major colostral proteins such as caseins, immunoglobulins (Igs), lactoferrin (Lf), and α-lactalbumin (α-La) through the action of digestive and enzymatic processes. These peptides possess antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties and are worthy of significant research. Recent studies have highlighted their role in enhancing mucosal immunity, maintaining gut integrity, promoting tissue regeneration, and preventing microbial infections. However, challenges such as low bioavailability, enzymatic degradation, and regulatory limitations restrict their clinical translation. Advances in delivery systems-such as encapsulation and nanoformulations-have shown promise in improving their stability and targeted action. Based on these studies, BC-derived bioactive peptides appear to have promising potential in many diseases and clinical applications in the future. This review shows a comprehensive summary of the sources, molecular characteristics, and biomedical applications of BC-derived peptides, emphasizing their potential as multifunctional agents in health promotion and disease prevention.

Aquaculture is developing in many countries to meet the rising protein demand associated with a rapidly growing human population. However, intensification of production brings with it challenges such as deteriorating water quality and increasing disease outbreaks. These conditions lead to an increased risk of infectious diseases and led to higher mortality rates, which causes economic losses. Lactococcosis, particularly that caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus garvieae, is one of the most common of these problems and can cause significant losses in various fish species. The intensive use of antibiotics for control purposes creates additional risks in terms of antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution, and food safety. Therefore, natural feed additives have gained importance in recent years. Certain additives that support immune responses and increase disease resistance in fish have become prominent. Among these, phytobiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are the most well-known and effective. Their widespread availability, lower cost, and environmental safety make these additives considered an alternative approach to aquaculture. Studies show that these additives strengthen both innate and adaptive immune responses, reduce infection severity, and reduce mortality associated with L. garvieae infections. However, there are still gaps in knowledge regarding how these substances regulate mechanisms such as the immune system, inflammatory processes, antioxidant defenses, and interactions with pathogens. This review aims to clarify these mechanisms by bringing together scientific data obtained in recent years. It also discusses how the information obtained can contribute to the development of safer feed additive strategies and the development of new vaccine approaches. This aims to support the establishment of a more sustainable production structure in the aquaculture sector.

Effective management of radioactive nuclear waste is vital for a sustainable energy supply. However, challenges in the synthesis and design of ideal adsorbent materials with desired adsorption properties remain. Here, a novel graphitic carbon nitride-based adsorbent was developed for the removal of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) from wastewater. For this, sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (SCN) nanosheets were prepared through the calcination of thiourea, and their surfaces were modified with polyserotonin (PS) using a simple enzymatic polymerization process. The modification process enhanced the surface area, functionality, and dispersion stability of the SCN. Batch experiments were performed at various temperatures, contact times, pH levels, and initial solution concentrations to assess adsorption performance, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The experiments showed that SCN had an excellent Th(IV) adsorption capacity of 336.43 mg/g. The PS modification increased its Th(IV) adsorption by 1.5 times (565.83 mg/g) and enhanced U(VI) adsorption performance by more than 2.5 times (from 36.88 to 94.10 mg/g). Moreover, these adsorption performances were achieved at low adsorbent concentrations (1–5 mg) and low radionuclide concentrations (5–50 mg/L). This composite adsorbent (SCN@PS) exhibited relatively good reusability and strong anti-interference properties, highlighting its stability and practical application. The adsorption mechanisms were elucidated by XPS analysis. The findings indicated that U(VI) ions selectively coordinated mainly with the oxygen atoms of the composite material, whereas Th(IV) ions coordinated mainly with sulfur atoms.

Large amounts of marine biomass remain on coasts as waste despite high organic carbon content. The seagrass Posidonia oceanica (PO) accumulates along shorelines and is commonly landfilled or burned, generating disposal costs and emissions. Valorizing this marine residue as an agricultural amendment could reduce coastal waste pressures and recycle carbon and nutrients. Salinity increasingly constrains wheat establishment in salt-affected irrigated areas. Raw Posidonia oceanica residue (RPO) and its biochars produced at 350 °C (POB1) and 550 °C (POB2) were evaluated as waste-derived amendments to improve wheat germination under saline and non-saline conditions. The materials were tested on three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Gönen 98, Kaşifbey 95, Ziyabey 98) under 0 and 200 mM NaCl in Petri-dish bioassays. Germination capacity (GC), germination rate index (GRI), seedling vigor index (SVI), shoot and root growth, biomass, and water content were recorded after 12 days. Under salinity, Kaşifbey 95 remained relatively stable, whereas Gönen 98 showed the strongest overall response. RPO, including at 250 mg dish⁻¹, generally enhanced germination, vigor, root development, and water status, whereas PO-derived biochars were neutral or inhibitory at higher rates. Overall, early-stage performance under salinity was cultivar-dependent, and biochar conversion did not necessarily improve germination-stage outcomes without dose optimization; RPO shows potential for reuse linking coastal clean-up with saline agriculture.