linguocultural and historical perspectives. The use of the image-symbol contributes to the Russian nation’s self-identification and unification. The study aims to explain the pivotal role that the word-concept medved’ (English bear) plays in the Russian linguistic consciousness. This word has metaphorically characterised Russia and its people for centuries; thus, to achieve the goal, synchronic and diachronic linguistic data were used. The research employed descriptive and comparative methods as well as contextual, semantic, and narrative analysis. The Anglo-Saxon pejorative emotional and expressive connotations of the word-concept bear, which was metaphorically used to characterize Russia and its people, had formed in the West by the 18th century and were imposed on us. However, the concept was gradually reinterpreted by the Russian intelligentsia and acquired ameliorative connotations that became dominant in the 20 th century. In the second half of the 20 th and the first quarter of the 21 st century, the final mental ‘appropriation’ of the bear image with the axiological ‘plus’ sign occurred in all socially significant discourses of the modern Russian language. The image-symbol "Russia the Bear" which, in conjunction with other sacred symbols capable of being the spiritual bonds between Russian people, is necessary both for the awareness of our mental isolation from Western ethnocultural traditions and for the Russian nation’s self-identification and unification. Its linguocultural significance is indisputable, which is especially important today, in a period of dramatically increased external threats.
The basics of the design of rotary kilns, widely used in the processing and preparation of various raw materials, are described. It is shown that the weak point of the rotary kilns design is the support rollers, which carry the entire load of the kiln and are initially made of less durable steel than a bandage being in contact with them. In fact, the design itself provides for the possibility of periodic replacement of the «miscellaneous part», which is a support roller. However, for an operator, any downtime of equipment leads to economic losses. Therefore, the goal has been formulated: to increase the durability of the support rollers avoiding a significant change in the kiln design. For this purpose, initially, from the point of view of contact mechanics, the basics of the interaction of the surfaces of the support roller and the bandage of a rotary kiln have been studied. Calculation models for various contact options of these parts have been given. The force model of contact between the surfaces of the support roller and the bandage has been studied. The maximum normal and tangential stresses in the contact zone, at its boundary and beyond have been determined. At the same time, complex processes occur in the contact area of the roller and the bandage surfaces, in particular, micro-slipping and sliding, due to the difference in the diameters of the rotating bodies and the difference in the level of their mechanical properties. Micro-slip is one of the sources of fretting wear. However, the most significant wear occurs as a result of mechanical interaction and changes in the structure of the surface layer with the gradual accumulation of various kinds of defects in the crystalline structure caused by plastic deformation of the surface layer of the contacting parts. It is shown that not only the mechanical and operational properties of the material for their construction, but also the displacement of the contact spot during kiln operation have a significant effect on the wear process of the support rollers. The displacement can be angular or linear, and in real conditions it is most often combined, it is caused by the thermal expansion / compression of the metal structure and the operating conditions of the rotary kiln.
In conditions of radioactive contamination, one of the criteria for the state of the female reproductive sphere of woody plants is their ability to form seeds, the biological qualities of which are assessed by germination and weight. The research was carried out on the territory of the Southern Non-Black Earth Region of Russia in the plantings of the Krasnogorsk district forestry of the Bryansk region and the Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "BGITU". The exposure dose rate was measured at a height of 1 m from the ground surface and on the soil with a DRG - 01T dose meter with an accuracy of 1.0 µR/ h, annually at constant reference points (at least 5 on each sample area) in a five-fold repeti-tion. Seed germination was carried out on a growing apparatus. When processing experimental data, the main statis-tical indicators for each variation series were calculated: the arithmetic mean with error, the mean square deviation, the coefficient of variation, and the accuracy of the experiment. Chronic ionizing radiation causes an increase in the length, width, and weight of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) cones. As the level of ionizing radiation increases, the seed weight of Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) decreases. The germination rate of Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) seeds from plantations with chronic ionizing radiation is quite high (more than 65%). Among ungerminated seeds, nonvi-able seeds with endosperm and embryo predominate. With an increase in the level of ionizing radiation, the total number of empty and embryoless seeds naturally increases.
The issues of obtaining composite finishing materials from soft-leaf wood with a texture imitating the texture of oak are considered. It has been revealed that our country is significantly lagging behind the profitability level of the timber industry and the profitability level of advanced industrialized countries. A condition has been formed for increasing the profitability of the timber industry by increasing the volume of processing soft hardwood and creating products with improved operational properties from it. The methods of manufacturing finishing composite materials from soft-leaved wood are analyzed, and it is proposed to use alternating sheets of peeled veneer of different breeds and colors, which ensures the formation of a pronounced texture. It is shown that the proposed import-substitution method provides the production of finishing materials from soft hardwood, imitating the texture of valuable hardwood wood. It is shown that the proposed import-substituting method provides the manufacture of finishing materials from soft hardwood, imitating the texture of valuable hardwood wood. It is proved that, unlike foreign fine-line technology, veneer dyeing is not required, and this simplifies the technological process and improves the environment. It is shown that soft hardwood is used to a limited extent due to low strength parameters, which are determined by density. The effect of the bonding time; the thickness of the package and the temperature of the press plates on the density of samples according to the Box plan (B3) was studied. Statistical processing was carried out, graphical dependencies were constructed using computer programs PlanExp B-D13, Excel and SigmaPlot. A regression equation has been obtained that adequately describes the dependence of the density of decorative strips on the bonding conditions: the duration of pressing, the thickness of the veneer package, and the temperature of the press plates. The possibility of obtaining decorative slats from soft hardwood of increased density has been established. It was revealed that the pressing time and the thickness of the veneer package have the greatest effect on the target function, and the maximum density value of 830 kg/m3 is reached with a pressing duration of 8 minutes and a veneer package thickness of 13.5 mm. Considering that the cost of raw materials in the cost structure is about 30%, the use of this method will ensure a reduction in production costs in the manufacture of products. The method of manufacturing composite finishing materials proposed by the authors is economically advantageous: the cost of 1 m3 of oak raw materials is 70,000 rubles, the cost of 1 m3 of birch raw materials is 5,000 rubles.
This study examines how the digital transformation of accounting and analytical information (A&AI) can support the environmental sustainability of agricultural enterprises. We develop a conceptual model that links enterprise resource and financial records with agri-environmental indicators relevant to the water-energy-food nexus, including GHG intensity, water and energy use, soil-related metrics, waste and by-product recovery, and regulatory compliance. The methodology combines (i) mapping of A&AI structures to environmental accounting and life-cycle assessment data flows, (ii) the use of digital inputs (ERP logs, IoT/RS proxies, e-document flow) to generate traceable, auditable eco-metrics, and (iii) a field survey across producers, processors and market enterprises. We propose an Agri-Environmental Digitalization Index (AEDI) to assess readiness along five pillars: data governance and traceability; climate footprint coverage; water-energy efficiency accounting; circularity and waste valorization; and eco-compliance/EIA reporting. Applying the matrix of 25 criteria demonstrates moderate readiness and uneven coverage of environmental indicators, especially among SMEs. The results show that digitized A&AI enables enterprise-level monitoring, verification and reporting of environmental performance, improves decision-making for resource efficiency (e.g., fertilization and irrigation scheduling, energy management, waste reutilization), and aligns managerial control with ESG and cleaner-production objectives. The proposed framework operationalizes sustainability accounting in agriculture and provides a practical instrument for scaling low-carbon, resource-efficient development pathways.
