The object of this research is the process of inspecting the camshafts of internal combustion engines in the context of vehicle repair production. As the inspection of a camshaft is a highly labor-intensive process due to the need to measure a large number of its components, there is a pressing need to improve the efficiency of inspection work. An approach is proposed for inspecting components with multiple worn surfaces, which involves determining the wear on one surface and calculating the wear on another using a regression model that establishes a quantitative relationship between the wear on the surfaces. This allows for a significant reduction in the labor intensity of defect detection work without compromising the reliability of the technical condition assessment of the component. This approach has been implemented using the example of defect detection on the camshaft of a KamAZ lorry engine. A hierarchical diagram of the camshaft structure as a system, where its individual elements are subsystems, is examined. It is noted that, among the surfaces of the camshaft, the cams and journal necks are subject to the most intense wear. A statistical model of camshaft wear has been constructed in the form of a linear regression equation, establishing a quantitative relationship between the wear of the journal necks and the cams. The practical significance of the proposed approach lies in improving the efficiency of defect detection work by reducing the volume of measurements by a factor of 2.6, which reduces the labor intensity of defect detection by 40%. When inspecting a batch of 100 camshafts, this results in a saving of 3,200 measurements, or over 36 hours. The results of this research have practical significance and are important for automotive repair enterprises engaged in the repair of internal combustion engine components.
This study investigates processes of automatic control over parameters of the distribution network mode at a voltage of 6–10 kV with a sharply changing asymmetric load. The task addressed relates to the compromised efficiency of existing systems for automatic control over symmetry-compensating devices, which are based on multi-criteria optimization methods with unchanged weight coefficients. Such systems continue to give maximum priority to reducing the steady-state voltage deviation even if it meets regulatory requirements. This leads to incomplete utilization of regulating reserve of the symmetry-compensating device. The system of automatic control over the symmetry-compensating device has been improved by integrating a fuzzy controller into its structure. This controller changes the values of weight coefficients in the objective function depending on the current values of the network mode parameters. The computer simulation has confirmed the effectiveness of the designed system, which provided a reduction in the mathematical expectations of the reactive power factor M[tanφ] by 13.9% and the voltage unbalance factor M[k2U] by 8.5% compared to the baseline. The increase in the efficiency of the control system is explained by its ability to adaptively change the weight coefficients. Thus, if there is a margin for the steady-state voltage deviation, the fuzzy controller reduces the weight coefficient that meets this criterion, directing the regulating resource of the symmetrical-compensating device to increase the level of reactive power compensation and reduce the level of asymmetry. A feature of the designed control system is the use of the levels of approximation of the current values of the steady-state deviation and voltage asymmetry to their regulatory permissible limits as input variables in the fuzzy controller. The designed automatic control system could be used in distribution electrical networks with a voltage of 6–10 kV at a sharply changing asymmetrical load
У статті досліджено проблеми функціонування систем внутрішнього контролю та внутрішнього аудиту в корпоративних підприємствах України в умовах воєнного стану. Визначено основні виклики для бізнесу, спричинені збройною агресією, зокрема фізичне знищення активів, логістичні колапси, кадровий дефіцит та зростання безпекових ризиків, що обумовлює необхідність трансформації контрольних функцій. Запропоновано концептуальні підходи до адаптації систем внутрішнього контролю та аудиту на стратегічному, методологічному та організаційному рівнях. Окрему увагу приділено класифікації воєнних ризиків, адаптації традиційних методів аудиту до дистанційного формату роботи та перспективам розвитку контрольних функцій на етапі посткризового відновлення економіки, включаючи ESG-трансформацію та цифровізацію аудиту.
