National Academy of Internal Affairs

This article examines current issues regarding the distinction between smuggling of goods and related criminal offenses in light of the latest amendments to Ukraine’s criminal legislation in 2023. A comprehensive analysis is conducted of the updated provisions of Articles 201, 201-1, 201-3, 201-4, and 305 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which regulate criminal liability for the smuggling of certain categories of items and goods. The objective and subjective elements of the elements of criminal offenses are examined. It has been determined that the key distinguishing features are: the nature of the object of criminal law protection (public safety, the state’s economic interests, the protection of natural resources and public health), the specific nature of the contraband (cultural artifacts, weapons, timber, excise goods, other goods in civil circulation), as well as the scale of the unlawful movement (significant, large, or especially large scale). A comparative analysis of the objective and subjective aspects of various forms of smuggling reveals similarities in the methods of commission and the intentional form of guilt; however, the difference in the construction of the object and subject determines the legal independence of each form. The established criteria for distinguishing smuggling ensure the consistent application of criminal law, prevent double jeopardy, and contribute to the effective protection of Ukraine’s social, state, and economic interests.

The article is devoted to the theoretical interpretation of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of English-speaking communicative competence among students of higher education institutions in the context of contemporary educational transformations. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of affective and metacognitive factors in the formation of oral foreign language speech under the conditions of educational digitalization, post-pandemic changes, and wartime challenges. The aim of the research is to provide a theoretical justification of the relationship between psychological barriers to oral speech and pedagogical strategies for overcoming them in the process of developing students’ foreign language communicative competence. The study was conducted within a qualitative theoretical-analytical research design using methods of systematic analysis, comparison, and conceptual generalization of contemporary psychological-pedagogical, linguodidactic, and neurodidactic approaches. The results of the study systematize the key psychological barriers to oral foreign language communication, including speech anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, reduced self-efficacy, and xenoglossophobia, and establish their relationship with the pedagogical conditions of organizing the educational process. The role of metacognitive strategies and the facilitative position of the teacher in reducing the affective filter and activating students’ speech activity is substantiated. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the conceptual integration of psychological-pedagogical and neurodidactic approaches to the development of oral foreign language communication and in the development of a generalized analytical model of the relationship between psychological barriers and pedagogical strategies for overcoming them. The obtained results expand the theoretical understanding of the process of communicative competence formation through consideration of the emotional-regulatory dimension of learning.

OBJECTIVE:Aim: To study the dynamics of morphofunctional development indicators in female cadets - future law enforcement officers - in the process of engaging in various types of motor activity during their academic training. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The research involved 56 female cadets in their first to third training years. Two groups of female cadets were formed: an experimental group (EG, n = 27), whose members attended the university's CrossFit sports club, and a control group (CG, n = 29), whose members did not engage in additional sports activities, but only participated in the traditional program during their sporting and mass-participation activities (SMPAs). Research methods: theoretical methods, biomedical methods, statistical methods. RESULTS:Results: It was found that in female cadets who practiced CrossFit, all the parameters studied were significantly (p ≤ 0.05-0.001) better at the end of the research than in female cadets who practiced using the traditional SMPAs method by the BMI - 1.07 kg/m2, the SI - 4.36 %, the VI - 4.14 ml/kg, the RI - 2.99 c. u., HRRI - 7.4 s, HSTI - 6.8 c. u., PWC - 103.1 kgm/min, BF - by 0.4 %, and SHL - by 3.16 points. The analysis of the dynamics of the studied indicators during the academic training period showed that in the EG, unlike the CG, all studied indicators have a stable tendency to improve. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: The data we obtained indicate that CrossFit training sessions effectively contribute to the improvement of the morphofunctional development of female cadets during their academic training for future law enforcement activities.

OBJECTIVE:Aim: To investigate the psychological characteristics of resilience among modern police officers in wartime crises. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: The research, which lasted from 2023 to 2025, involved 120 employees of the National Police of Ukraine: experimental group (EG, n=60) - police officers performing their duties in combat conditions; control group (CG, n=60) - police officers whose activities took place in relatively safe conditions. The resilience of police officers was assessed using three methods: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. RESULTS:Results: It has been established that resilience in police officers not only provides a basic ability to cope with the negative consequences of traumatic experiences, but also acts as a mechanism that helps transform these experiences into a source of development. It has been determined that police officers' resilience in combat conditions serves a protective function, helping maintain stability and minimize the destructive effects of stress. Overcoming extreme situations in such an environment contributes to rethinking life values, the formation of new meanings, and spiritual growth, thereby enhancing the ability to adapt. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: It has been shown that, under relatively safe conditions, resilience contributes to the internal restructuring of a police officer's personality and promotes personal growth. However, in combat situations, it tends to become a resourcee for preservation, minimizing the impact of traumatic events but not stimulating development through posttraumatic growth. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to developing resilience among police officers, whose work involves high levels of danger and psychological stress.