Era University is a private state university established in 2016 by the Era Educational Trust in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The university offer courses in the fields of medical and allied and paramedical sciences, nursing, pharmacy, basic science, biotechnology, food and nutrition, liberal arts, MHA and computer application. It is the parent institute of Era's Lucknow Medical College..
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment resulting from the degeneration and death of brain neurons. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are used in primary pharmacotherapy for numerous neurodegenerative conditions, providing their capacity to modulate acetylcholine levels crucial for cognitive function. Recently, quinazoline derivatives have emerged as a compelling model for neurodegenerative disease treatment, showcasing promising pharmacological features. Their unique structural features and pharmacokinetic profiles have sparked interest in their potential efficacy and safety across diverse neurodegenerative disorders. The exposure of quinazoline derivatives as a potential therapeutic way underscores the imperative for continued research exploration. Their multifaceted mechanisms of action and ability to target various pathways implicated in neurodegeneration offer exciting prospects for developing novel, effective, and well-tolerated treatments. Further investigations into their pharmacological activities and precise therapeutic roles are essential to advance our understanding of neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology and promote the development of modern therapeutic strategies to address this critical medical challenge. Methods: Quinazoline derivatives have gained eminent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. Their ability to effectively modulate AChE activity makes them promising candidates for treating neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their intricate molecular structures confer selectivity and affinity for AChE, offering potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting cholinergic pathways. Hence, in this study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a series of spiro[cycloalakane-1,2'-quinazoline derivatives (1-6) to assess their possible AChE inhibiting ability using docking into the active sites. Results: The AChE inhibitory potential of spiro[cycloalkane-1,2'-quinazoline derivatives (1-6) was explored via docking studies of the AChE active site. The findings revealed significant inhibitory activity and highlighted the promising nature of these derivatives. Conclusion: The synthesized spiro[cycloalkane-1,2'-quinazoline derivatives (1-6) exhibited their notable potential as AChE inhibitors. The observed significant inhibitory activity suggested that these derivatives warrant further exploration as candidates for developing therapeutic agents in AChE inhibitory pathways. This study emphasizes the relevance of quinazoline derivatives in searching for novel treatments for neurological disorders, particularly associated with cholinergic dysfunction, and they could be a useful alternative therapeutic agent.
This study presents an innovative framework that integrates Hybrid Machine Learning (HML) and Deep Optimizer-Informed Empirical Modelling (DOIEM) to predict moisture dynamics during cold plasma jet-assisted drying of carrot slices. Carrot samples were bifacially treated with cold plasma for varying durations of 30, 60 and 90 s and dried using vacuum and convective tray dryers. Moisture ratio data were modelled using Decision Tree, Support Vector Regression, Gaussian Process Regression, Deep Feed-Forward Neural Network, and their hybrid. The HML framework demonstrated strong predictive capability across drying methods and pre-treatment conditions, maintaining consistent performance when tested on unseen data. The DOIEM approach further enhanced traditional empirical models by using a deep-learning optimizer (Adam) to improve parameter estimation and generate a two-dimensional moisture map for an offline digital twin. The resulting digital twin tracked and updated model parameters to reflect spatiotemporal changes in moisture, offering excellent prediction and interpretability. Comparatively, DOIEM provided superior modelling performance compared to the hybrid ML model in both vacuum and tray drying. The DOIEM-based twin also showed strong potential for integration into sensor-driven smart drying systems. This work establishes a practical and data-driven foundation for intelligent food drying applications and demonstrates how digital twin technologies can support real-time monitoring and control in agri-food processing.
Neurosyphilis is a well-recognized mimicker and may present with diverse movement disorders resembling neurodegenerative or autoimmune syndromes. This systematic review aims to elucidate the comprehensive clinical, laboratory, imaging, and outcome spectrum of movement disorders in neurosyphilis. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines with a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251135620). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. Eligible studies included case reports, case series, and observational cohorts with confirmed or probable neurosyphilis and clinically diagnosed movement disorders. Data on demographics, clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid, neuroimaging, treatment, and outcomes were extracted. We analyzed a total of 48 individual cases reported across 44 publications and two retrospective cohorts (n = 223, with 61 movement disorder patients). The mean age was 47 years (range 10–83), with 76.3
The pharmaceutical industry makes considerable use of the nitrogen-rich ring structure because of its numerous biological, pharmacological, and therapeutic uses. Tetrazole and related compounds are exciting bioactive heterocyclic molecules because of their many biological effects, which include antitubercular, anticancer, antimalarial, antidiabetic, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-obesity, and relief from disorders of the central nervous system and sexual dysfunction. Tetrazole, a bioisostere of the carboxylic acid group, can be used in place of the carboxyl group in medication to improve its lipophilicity, increase its bioavailability, and lessen its adverse effects. Several compounds containing tetrazole have been employed in the treatment of several medical conditions, mainly because of their superior pharmacokinetic profile and metabolic stability. As a result, this heterocyclic tetrazole moiety can be regarded as a crucial pharmacophore in the creation of novel medications due to its excellent biological, pharmacological, and therapeutic uses. There are numerous methods for synthesizing distinct tetrazole derivatives, as well as a range of biological, pharmacological, and therapeutic uses that can help advance tetrazole derivative research and development.
Organic compounds play a crucial role in medicinal chemistry and chemical industry. Among them, Schiff bases formed by the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with amines are of significant importance. These compounds can be synthesized through various methods, including conventional heating, ultrasonic irradiation, catalyst-mediated processes, and microwave-assisted techniques. The azomethine linkage –HC=N– present in Schiff bases and their derivatives is associated with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and immunosuppressive effects. In addition to their biological significance, Schiff bases are widely utilized in chemical industry. They serve as key intermediates in organic synthesis, as ligands in metal complex formation, and in the synthesis of amino acids. This review highlights the diverse applications of Schiff bases and aims to support the development of more potent molecular scaffolds for future drug design.
