Fakir Mohan Medical College and Hospital is a full-fledged tertiary government medical college in Balasore, Odisha. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) to graduates. It is recognized by the National Medical Commission. The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Balasore district.Selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through the National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 100.It is the sixth medical college opened by the Government of Odisha in 2018. It is one of the preferred medical colleges among the new medical colleges, due to close proximity to the main town.
Introduction: Central line associated bloodstream infections are a common type of nosocomial bloodstream infections and are associated with the use of central venous catheter. CLABSI increase length of stay in intensive care unit and are associated with significant morbidly and mortality. Accurate diagnosis of such infections results in proper management of patients and in reducing unnecessary removal of catheter. Material And Method: The study “Central line associated blood stream infections in intensive care units in S.C.B Medical college and hospital” was a prospective study conducted in the department of Microbiology from September 2016 to August 2018 in collaboration n with intensive care units of Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics &Gynaecology, Trauma, Central ICU & Cardiac care units of S.C.B. medical college and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha. Result: In this study, paired blood samples were collected from 221 suspected cases of central line associated bloodstream infections were analyzed of which, the gender distribution was found to be 59.73% males & 40.27% females. Majority of patients (36.2%) were within 41-60year. Staphylococcus epidermidis (24.39%) were the most commonly isolated microorganism and other organisms isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii(14.63%), K.pneumoniae(9.76%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.19%). Conclusion: The incidence of CLABSI in our study was 18.55% and rate of CLABSI was 9.5/1000 catheter days. among the CLABSI cases most common site was the internal jugular vein 27(65.85%) followed by femoral vein 8(19.52%)
Introduction: Sudden death remains a significant medicolegal challenge, and determining its underlying cause may be difficult without detailed autopsy examination. Histopathological evaluation can identify significant pathological changes that may remain undetected during routine medicolegal examination. Aim: To identify the causes of sudden death, assess histomorphological changes in various organ systems, and correlate pathological findings with the medicolegal cause of death. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional autopsy study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Fakir Mohan Medical College, Balasore, Odisha, from June 2022 to May 2025. A total of 30 consecutive cases of sudden, non-traumatic deaths were included. Demographic details, clinical history, medicolegal cause of death, gross autopsy findings, and histomorphological findings were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 30 cases, the most common age group was 21–40 years, with a mean age of approximately 39 years. The cardiovascular system was the most frequently involved system (33.3%), followed by the hepatobiliary system (26.6%). The commonest pathological finding was hepatic steatosis (26.6%), followed by petechial hemorrhage and pulmonary congestion (22% each), while myocardial infarction was identified in 16% of cases. The medicolegal cause of death was inconclusive in 26.6% of cases, and discrepancy between medicolegal and pathological causes was observed in 20% of cases. Conclusion: Histopathological examination provides valuable additional information in sudden deaths and may help establish or clarify the cause of death when routine medicolegal autopsy findings are inconclusive. Recommendation: Routine histopathological examination should be considered in sudden and unexplained medicolegal deaths to improve diagnostic accuracy and identify clinically unsuspected pathological conditions.
Background: Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) remain a leading cause of paediatric morbidity worldwide. Vitamin D, through its effects on innate and adaptive immunity, has been implicated in host defence against respiratory pathogens, yet prospective paediatric cohort data from South Asia are limited. Objective: To evaluate whether baseline vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of recurrent respiratory infections in children over 12 months of follow-up. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 412 children aged 6 months to 5 years attending a paediatric outpatient clinic at Fakir Mohan Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, between January 2024 and March 2025. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Children were categorised as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20–29 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). The primary outcome was RRTI, defined as ≥6 upper or ≥3 lower respiratory tract infections in 12 months. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards modelling was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHR). Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 35.9% (148/412), insufficiency in 39.8% (164/412) and sufficiency in 24.3% (100/412). The incidence of RRTI was significantly higher among deficient children (46.6%) compared with insufficient (28.0%) and sufficient (14.0%) groups (p<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, environmental and sociodemographic covariates, deficient children had a 3.21-fold higher risk of RRTI (95% CI 2.15–4.79) than sufficient children. A clear dose–response relationship was observed across all outcome subgroups. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is a strong, independent risk factor for RRTI in young children. Routine screening and correction of deficiency may reduce the paediatric respiratory-infection burden.
Background- Periarthritis (PA) shoulder, adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is a common cause of shoulder pain leading to limitation of daily activity. Objectives- To prospectively compare the effectiveness of intra-articular steroid injection by ultrasound-guided technique versus palpatory technique in periarthritis of the shoulder. Method- Two groups (A and B) containing 40 patients in each group, allocated by computerised block randomization were given the interventions: Group A: Intra-articular corticosteroid injection by palpatory method, Group B: Intraarticular corticosteroid injection by ultrasonographic guidance method. Each patient was assessed before intervention and 1, 4 and 12 weeks after intervention using predefined assessment tools like the 0-10 Numeric Pain Intensity Scale, Active and passive Range of motion using a handheld goniometer, Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) index. Results- In Group A, there were 23 females (57.50%) and 17 males (42.50%) with a ratio of 1.35:1 (F: M). In Group B, there were 16 females (40%) and 24 males (60%) with a ratio of 0.66:1 (F: M). In both groups, statistically significant improvement in pain, active and passive range of motion in all directions and function was observed at each follow-up interval when compared to baseline. On comparison between the two groups, no statistically significant difference was found. The improvement in terms of active and passive abduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, numerical pain intensity scale, quick DASH scores and SPADI scores were comparable in both groups. Conclusions- Although USG guidance provides us with the advantage of real-time visualisation with increased accuracy of needle placement in the target area, this may not translate into a better outcome. In cases where the accuracy of drug or contrast delivery is required, as in cases of sodium hyaluronate or contrast agents, the USG-guided technique is a better choice. It is recommended that further studies be conducted for more insight into the issue.
Surgical intervention triggers a complex physiological cascade, also known as the surgical stress response, which entails well-coordinated immunological, metabolic, and neuroendocrine processes. This systematic review summarizes the existing evidence from 11 studies published between 2015 and 2025, investigating the underlying mechanisms, regulatory interactions, and clinical implications of this multifactorial response. Central stress pathway activation triggers immediate hormonal increase, stabilizing circulation and energy reserves, but chronic endocrine stimulation has the potential to increase metabolic and immune imbalances and results in a delayed recovery. The ensuing immune dynamics display an initial inflammatory phase followed by transient suppression, collectively influencing tissue repair and infection susceptibility. Parallel metabolic adaptations enhance energy production but often induce insulin resistance and protein catabolism, contributing to postoperative fatigue and functional decline. These interdependent mechanisms form a unified neuroendocrine-immune-metabolic network that can shift from adaptive to maladaptive under persistent stress. New evidence indicates that biomarkers such as cortisol, IL-6, glucose, and albumin serve as predictors of postoperative complications, including infection, impaired wound healing, and increased morbidity. Various perioperative interventions, such as the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs, immunonutrition, and metabolic administration, exhibit the possibility of maximizing such responses. The review combines both mechanistic and clinical perspectives to promote precision-based perioperative tactics to enhance surgical and recovery outcomes.
