Due to their physicochemical properties, lignin deposits from black liquor treated through pyrolysis could be utilized as H-2 storage. Density functional theory for H-2 adsorption-desorption was assessed for lignin pyrolyzed at 400, 400,500, 600, 700, and 800 degrees C, and its physicochemical properties were observed regarding porosity, morphology, metal contents, crystallinity, molecules within pyrolyzed lignin, surface characteristics, and hydrogen temperature-programmed desorption (H-2 TPD). Most H-2 was adsorbed on porous site with a large surface area for physisorption storage. Metals, as the physicochemical property detected on the surface of lignin by SEM-EDS, could increase the capacity of H-2 storage since H is bound as a metal hydride. Pyrolyzed lignin at 700 degrees C showed the highest porosity and H-2 desorption, with 416.0558 m(2) porous surface/g and 0.07221 thermal conductivity detector (TCD) signal (a.u.) area, respectively. However, to release H-2 bound by metal, metal hydride needs a high temperature for the redox cycle. The amount of H-2 released at low temperatures indicated 73.7% H-2 that filled the porous, while 26,3% at high temperatures, 300 degrees C or more, indicated H-2 released from metal hydrides with redox reaction. Regarding the feasibility of operational energy saving, H-2 adsorption was done at room temperature, and H-2 desorption was conducted at low temperature, 85 degrees C. Adsorption-desorption cycles of H-2 were examined for their stability as H-2 storage, and it was shown that at the 5th cycle, desorption of H-2 decreased by 6.3% and, afterward, was nearly stable.
When people perceive themselves as having violated religious/spiritual principles, they may experience distress that prompts efforts to restore alignment with what they hold as sacred. While divine forgiveness is increasingly recognized as an important part of this process, much of the empirical literature tends to overlook tradition-specific considerations that may be essential to conceptualising and measuring divine forgiveness. Building on an interdisciplinary Christian-sensitive dual-process model for conceptualising and measuring incident-specific psychological experiences of reconciliation with God for personal wrongdoing, we use cross-sectional and longitudinal data to examine the psychometric properties of the Reconciliation with God Scale in seven independent adult Christian samples representing a diverse range of countries, linguistic backgrounds, and denominational affiliations (N = 1391). We present evidence for the two proposed factors-engaging in repentance with God and experiencing absolution from God-based on analyses of internal structure and internal consistency. Evidence of convergent validity was observed from associations with theoretically relevant proximal (e.g., trait divine forgiveness) and distal (e.g., personal flourishing) variables. Group comparisons based on theory-driven classifications provided support for discriminative validity, with somewhat consistent evidence that those who scored higher on both proposed factors tended to score more favourably on a number of the auxiliary variables. These findings provide initial psychometric evidence supporting the utility of the incident-anchored Reconciliation with God Scale among Christians, making processes of engaging in repentance with God and experiencing absolution from God empirically tractable as stress-regulatory mechanisms following spiritually salient moral transgressions.
Love of neighbor holds a prominent place in ethical and theological thinking across many cultures and world religious traditions. While arguably central to the promotion of societal wellbeing and human flourishing, little has been done on its empirical assessment. We present a measure of love of neighbor, grounded in a broader conceptual framework concerning interpersonal love, and examine its psychometric properties using cognitive interviews and analyses from datasets from numerous countries, cultures, and contexts. We present evidence for two distinct facets: unitive and contributory neighbor love. We discuss distinctions of unitive and contributory neighbor love from compassionate love, which might be conceived of as contributory neighbor love within the context of suffering. Psychometric properties of the measure concerning consistency, reliability, internal structure, relations between indicators, and measurement invariance are presented. The measure lays the foundation for future empirical study of the distribution, causes, and consequences of love of neighbor.
Extremely high plasticity soils, such as bentonite, present substantial challenges in geotechnical applications due to their high water retention capacity and expansive behaviour. This study evaluates an integrated physical-chemical stabilization approach using bamboo leaf ash (BLA) to reduce the plasticity of such problematic soils. Bentonite was selected as a sample of soil with extremely high plasticity. BLA, which was made from three types of bamboo and treated through controlled burning, was used as a chemical stabilizer. Mayan bamboo was chosen for soil stabilization owing to its high silica (SiO2) content and pozzolanic reactivity. Numerous geotechnical tests, such as Atterb erg limits and compaction tests, were performed following the ASTM standards. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) investigations were used to check how the soil changes at a microscopic level, particularly the shape and mineral content after stabilization. The results showed that BLA greatly lowered the plasticity index (PI) from 455.41% to 180% and the liquid limit (LL) from 568.70% to 270%, with only small changes in the plastic limit (PL). The microscopic analysis showed the formation of cement-like materials such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), which means that the pozzolanic reactions worked well. Using BLA along with compaction provides a sustainable and effective way to reduce the plasticity value of the soil and automatically increase the strength of soils with extremely high plasticity. These results show that BLA could be a green and practical option for soil stabilization using a large number of local plant materials.
The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence has intensified concerns regarding deepfake-enabled political misinformation during election campaigns across Southeast Asia. This study examines how Indonesian journalists recognized, interpreted, and verified suspected deepfake content during the 2024 Presidential Election. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected through anonymous written responses, followed by semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that journalists relied on perceptual expertise and heuristic recognition to identify potentially manipulated content under newsroom deadline pressure. However, these initial judgments required systematic verification through source triangulation, contextual analysis, editorial consultation, and technological support before editorial decisions could be made. The findings show that Perception Theory, the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), and the Heuristic-Systematic Model (HSM) provide complementary perspectives for understanding journalistic verification of AI-generated political content under cognitive and institutional constraints. Practically, the study highlights the importance of strengthening institutional verification capacity through robust newsroom protocols, AI-assisted verification tools, ethical governance, and continuous professional training to support journalistic integrity and democratic communication in an era of increasingly sophisticated synthetic media.
