Innovative University of Eurasia

This study investigated the technological feasibility of using a pre-structured bovine blood plasma-flaxseed composition as a functional partial substitute for beef in emulsion-type sausages. Five formulations containing 0-30% replacement were evaluated to determine effects on structural, nutritional, and microbiological properties. Incorporation of the structured composition modified the functional balance of the protein system: water-holding capacity remained stable (p > 0.05), while fat-holding and emulsifying capacities improved at higher inclusion levels (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced interfacial stabilization of the fat phase. Progressive softening of texture was observed, with significant reductions in hardness and chewiness at 30% replacement (p < 0.05). Cooking loss increased at elevated substitution levels but remained within acceptable technological limits. During refrigerated storage, microbial counts remained below safety thresholds. A 15-25% replacement level provided the most balanced performance, maintaining sensory acceptability while improving lipid stabilization. The results demonstrate that structured plasma-based systems can function as effective protein-emulsion modifiers in meat formulations, supporting sustainable valorization of slaughter by-products.

This article focuses on the possibility of using local wild fruits and berries, namely wild cherry, spiky irga and red mountain ash, in the production of milk dessert – ice cream. The indicated raw materials of plant origin are characterized by a high content of pectin substances with gelling, astringent and foaming properties, which are important for the formation of the necessary rheological properties of desserts. In addition, pectin substances are capable of forming complexes with harmful substances (heavy and radioactive metal ions) entering the body from the outside and removing them, preventing them from being absorbed into the blood and without disturbing the balance of the internal environment; antibacterial properties that prevent the development of infectious diseases, suppressing the development of harmful microorganisms; a large number of vitamins that have a restorative effect. on the human body.The results of the conducted studies on the effect of the proposed composition of vegetable origin on such important qualitative indicators of milk dessert – ice cream as the degree of whipping and the melting rate of the product are presented. Since it is these indicators that form a stable consistency of your favorite delicacy, on which the taste perception and tenderness of the frozen product depend without causing hypothermia of the oral cavity. Based on the data obtained, the optimal amount of the additive was determined from dried powdered irga berries and fruits of wild cherry and red mountain ash. The rheological parameters studied were also studied in the finished milk dessert. The results obtained indicate that the ice cream meets the requirements set out in the current regulatory and technical documentation.The prospects of creating milk processing products enriched with natural ingredients that can replace artificial additives and some expensive dairy raw materials without reducing the quality characteristics of finished products are presented.

Purpose. This study aims to identify the presence and key characteristics of decarbonisation trajectories in the agricultural sectors of Central Asian countries. Using Kazakhstan as a case study, it further examines the main drivers and constraints shaping these trajectories within the broader context of the green transition. Methodology. The paper develops and applies an original three-stage quantitative framework. First, Tapio decoupling analysis is conducted for four Central Asian countries. Second, additive LMDI decomposition is employed to disentangle the contributions of scale, structural and intensity effects. Third, ARDL modelling is applied to the case of Kazakhstan to estimate long-run elasticities with respect to key drivers. The analysis draws on harmonised data from FAOSTAT, the World Bank and national statistical sources covering the period 2003-2023. This approach enables the identification of decoupling states, the measurement of factor contributions, and the estimation of long-run relationships. Results. The findings reveal two distinct development patterns across the region. Uzbekistan and Tajikistan exhibit an emissions-intensive growth trap, characterised by persistent coupling between agricultural value added and greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan display features of a volatility trap, marked by unstable decoupling states in which episodes of strong decoupling largely coincide with periods of economic contraction. For Kazakhstan, the LMDI and ARDL results indicate that scale effects constitute the primary source of emissions growth. Moreover, higher investment is statistically associated with higher, rather than lower, emissions over the sample period, pointing to an apparent "investment paradox" that should be interpreted cautiously given the aggregated nature of the investment data and the limited econometric design. Originality. The study contributes to the literature in two principal ways: (1) empirically, it addresses Central Asia, a region for which systematic evidence on agricultural decarbonisation and decoupling remains limited; (2) methodologically, it proposes an integrated framework combining regional decoupling analysis with LMDI decomposition and ARDL-based estimation of long-run elasticities for Kazakhstan. In contrast to much of the existing literature, agricultural emissions are modelled not solely as a function of output levels, but also as outcomes influenced by investment, price and climate-related drivers, allowing their respective contributions to be quantified. The paper further advances a conceptual typology of agricultural decarbonisation traps in transition economies, distinguishing between emissions-intensive growth traps and volatility traps and linking these categories to the observed trajectories in Central Asia. Practical implications. The results underscore the importance of country-specific decarbonisation strategies that extend beyond uniform mitigation targets. In the case of emissions-intensive growth traps, policy should prioritise improvements in resource use and technological efficiency. For volatility traps, emphasis should be placed on stabilising growth dynamics, redirecting investment towards genuinely low-carbon technologies and aligning agricultural support mechanisms with national climate objectives. The proposed framework offers policymakers a diagnostic tool for assessing and monitoring agricultural decarbonisation pathways in other transition economies.

The advancement of digital health technology through telemedicine offers significant opportunities but also raises serious legal challenges , particularly concerning inaccurate anamnesis and misdiagnosis that May cause substantial harm to patients . Existing legal scholarship and regulatory frameworks in Indonesia predominantly focus on individual liability of medical practitioners , while the criminal liability of telemedicine corporations for systemic failures remains conceptually underdeveloped . This gap leaves corporate accountability insufficiently addressed in cases where patient harm arises from platform- based medical services . This study aims to analyze the forms of corporate criminal liability of telemedicine providers in cases of inaccurate anamnesis and misdiagnosis resulting in patient harm and to examine how Islamic criminal law approaches such liability . Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches , this study analysis relevant regulations , legal doctrines , and principles of Islamic criminal law . The findings indicate that existing regulations assign responsibility for service quality to healthcare facilities but do not explicitly regulate corporate criminal liability for telemedicine providers . This study advances a theoretical argument that misdiagnosis in telemedicine should be reconceptualized as a form of corporate criminal responsibility rather than merely a professional individual negligence . From the perspective of Islamic criminal law , this article offers a conceptual contribution by applying the doctrine of shakhsiyah iʿtibāriyyah to telemedicine corporations , with diyāt and taʿzīr proposed as appropriate accountability mechanisms . Strengthening the regulatory framework to explicitly recognize corporate criminal liability is essential to enhance patient protection and ensure justice in digital health sector.

Program lending is one of the key instruments of state regulation and financial support for the agro-industrial complex, ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture and strengthening the country’s food security. In the context of structural transformations in the agrarian sector, the effectiveness of existing targeted financing mechanisms, taking into account regional specifics, becomes particularly significant. The objective is to substantiate priority directions of the management system for concessional investment in agrarian business under conditions requiring increased investment attractiveness of the sector, expanded access of agricultural producers to borrowed funds, and growth of economic stability of the agrarian sector. Methods include content analysis of regulatory legal acts in considering the institutional foundations of credit programs, statistical data on the volume and structure of concessional investments to assess the dynamics of distribution of financial resources among economic entities, and monitoring of the state of agroindustrial production in studying institutional, budgetary, and organizational constraints of state support measures. Results – the main problems reducing the effectiveness of targeted lending ser vices are identified, including lengthy approval periods, limited monetary limits, seasonality of farmers’ incomes, insufficient level of process digitalization, low borrower awareness, and imperfection of credit risk control methods. Proposals are substantiated to simplify investment support procedures, increase the number of guarantee instruments, introduce a unified digital platform, online monitoring, and stimulate lending at the processing stage, as well as in supply chains of the agro-industry. Conclusions – the role of social-entrepreneurial corporations as regional operators of program lending is emphasized, along with the need to diversify funding sources, expand borrower coverage, and support innovative projects.