The essential oil (EO) from Citrus nobilis Lour. peels was extracted using the Steam-Assisted Solvent-Free Extraction (SAFE) method, a process conducted without relying on organic solvent-based systems with reduced environmental impact. Volatile compounds were characterized through gas chromatographic separation coupled with mass spectrometric detection, which revealed D-limonene to be the predominant component of the EO. The EO exhibited strong antioxidant activity, as evaluated using the DPPH method with an IC50 of 33.64 mu g/mL. In addition, antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated by the disk diffusion assay, as evidenced by the distinct absence of microbial growth surrounding the disks of 12.12 mm and 8.13 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 15.6 mu L/mL for S. aureus and 31.2 mu L/mL for E. coli. These results indicate that Citrus nobilis peel EO has potential, providing bioactive components from natural sources that may be utilized in biomedical and cosmetic formulations. Notably, this work provides a detailed evaluation of the application of the SAFE method, addressing aspects that have not been fully explored in previous studies for extracting EO from fresh Citrus nobilis peels cultivated in Gunung Omeh, Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that SAFE effectively preserves bioactive constituents while offering a sustainable strategy for citrus peel waste valorization with promising antioxidant and antibacterial applications.
The increasing demand for safe and environmentally friendly packaging materials has driven the development of biodegradable PLA-based polymers; however, the limited mechanical strength and thermal stability of PLA restrict their broader application. This study investigates the incorporation of oleic acid–modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (O-ZnO NPs) into compatibilized PLA/LLDPE nanocomposites to improve their physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. O-ZnO NPs were synthesized via surface modification of ZnO with oleic acid (OA), resulting in improved compatibility with the polymer matrix while preserving the intrinsic crystalline structure of ZnO. Compatibilized PLA/LLDPE/O-ZnO (cPLO) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending PLA and LLDPE in the presence of LLDPE-g-OA (LO) compatibilizer, followed by the incorporation of O-ZnO NPs at various loadings. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of O-ZnO NPs significantly enhances the nanocomposite's performance by strengthening the interfacial interactions between the immiscible PLA and LLDPE phases. Mechanical testing showed an increase in Young’s modulus from 438 MPa to 493 MPa, accompanied by an improvement in elongation at break from 43% to 54%, indicating simultaneous enhancement of stiffness and ductility. Thermal analysis revealed improved thermal stability, which is attributed to restricted polymer chain mobility and more efficient stress transfer at the filler–matrix interface. Morphological observations confirmed a more homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion and reduced phase separation within the polymer matrix. The incorporation of O-ZnO NPs reduced water absorption to 0.682% and increased biodegradation from 14.5% to 15.8% after 90 days of soil burial, indicating improved hydrophobicity while maintaining environmental degradability. The nanocomposites also exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones exceeding 8 mm. O-ZnO NPs effectively improve interfacial compatibility in compatibilized PLA/LLDPE blends, resulting in balanced mechanical reinforcement and multifunctional properties suitable for semi-biodegradable packaging applications.
Artikel jurnal kedokteran memuat istilah teknis medis yang padat dan spesifik, sehingga menuntut strategi penerjemahan yang tepat saat dialihbahasakan ke Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan strategi borrowing dan calque dalam penerjemahan istilah teknis medis pada 10 artikel jurnal kedokteran berbahasa Inggris dan versi terjemahan Indonesianya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan frekuensi penggunaan kedua strategi dan menganalisis dampaknya terhadap kualitas terjemahan ditinjau dari akurasi dan keberterimaan. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dengan data 150 istilah teknis medis. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan kerangka strategi penerjemahan Molina & Albir 2002 dan model penilaian kualitas Nababan 2012. Hasil menunjukkan borrowing mendominasi 58% dan calque 32%. Dari aspek kualitas, 82% istilah hasil borrowing dinilai akurat namun hanya 60% berterima, sementara calque memiliki akurasi 76% dan keberterimaan 68%. Kesimpulan penelitian: penerjemah jurnal kedokteran cenderung mempertahankan bentuk asing istilah medis, namun penggunaan calque yang tidak adaptif menurunkan keberterimaan. Rekomendasi diberikan agar penerjemah menyeimbangkan borrowing dengan padanan baku dan catatan kaki untuk meningkatkan keterbacaan pembaca Indonesia
Emergency services represent the frontline of hospital care and require optimal response time and high-quality service delivery, with response time and service quality serving as key performance indicators. The achievement of these indicators is strongly influenced by the implementation of effective emergency service management policies. This study aimed to analyze the effect of emergency service management policies on response time and service quality at Bangun Purba Regional General Hospital, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2025. This study employed a quantitative analytical design, with the study population consisting of patients and/or patients’ families who received services at the Emergency Department of Bangun Purba Regional General Hospital. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation, and analyzed using univariate analysis to describe the distribution of study variables and bivariate analysis to examine the relationships between variables. The univariate analysis indicated that emergency service management policies were generally perceived as moderate to good, while response time performance had not fully met the minimum service standards. Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between emergency service management policies and response time (p < 0.05), as well as between management policies and service quality (p < 0.05). Response time was also significantly associated with service quality (p < 0.05), indicating that faster response time was associated with better perceived service quality. In conclusion, emergency service management policies play a crucial role in improving response time and service quality in the emergency department, highlighting the need for strengthened policy implementation, improved adherence to standard operating procedures, and continuous evaluation to enhance service quality and patient safety.
Cesarean section is a commonly performed delivery procedure that may cause postoperative pain due to tissue incision. Inadequately managed pain can delay the patient’s recovery process. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be applied to reduce pain is early mobilization. This study aimed to determine the effect of early mobilization on pain intensity among post-cesarean section patients in Ward 2B at Grandmed Hospital Lubuk Pakam in 2025. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the early mobilization intervention. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that before the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced severe pain (66.7%), whereas after early mobilization, most respondents experienced a decrease to mild pain (76.7%). The mean pain intensity decreased from 0.6667 to 0.2333 after the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of early mobilization on reducing pain intensity. In conclusion, early mobilization is effective in reducing pain intensity in post-cesarean section patients and can be recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention in postoperative care.
