The valorization of domestic non-recycled plastic waste into a value-added product has lots of attention for environmental remediation applications. The present study aims to utilize pyrolytic char obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste and transform it into a mesoporous char through thermochemical activation with K2CO3 as the activation agent. The result found that K2CO3 played the role in promoting pore development and facilitating the removal of mineral impurities, which enhances the char adsorption performance for dye removal. Under the optimum condition of char activation, the mesoporous char of PC-K2 exhibits a significant improvement in BET surface area, from 0.4927 f 0.00141 m2/g to 227.9467 f 1.8253 m2/g, which boosts the char adsorption performance toward methylene blue from 23.83% f 3.36-98.63% f 1.01% under 30 min of contact time. The adsorption capacity assessment finds rapid methylene blue uptake to 90 ppm within the first 5 min, whereas higher concentrations require extended contact time due to active site saturation. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model suggested that intraparticle diffusion contributed to the overall adsorption mechanism. Overall, the present study highlights the role of chemical activation in tailoring pyrolytic char properties and offers guidance for optimizing pyrolysis and activation parameters for preparing high-performance char from plastic waste-based products.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Argiope modesta is an ecologically important predatory spider that contributes to natural pest suppression in agricultural ecosystems. The global agricultural system is under mounting pressure as food demand continues to rise. Meeting this demand requires increasing crop productivity while minimizing environmental impacts and preserving ecosystem integrity to support long-term sustainability. The study objectives were to investigate the phylogenetic position of A. modesta using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences, estimate divergence times and identify genetically distinct lineages within and among geographic populations.METHODS: Eight specimens were collected from shrubland habitats in Kebon Bambu Village, Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Basic local alignment search tool analysis confirmed that 97 percent of the collected individuals matched A. modesta.FINDINGS: Seven polymorphic sites were detected within the Kebon Bambu population. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed A. modesta in a clade closely related to A. aetherea. Comparison with sequences from Bali (Indonesia) and the Philippines revealed 27 polymorphic sites, indicating substantial geographic differentiation. Molecular dating suggests that the Kebon Bambu, Balinese, and Philippine populations diverged approximately 1.21 million years ago during the early Pleistocene (Calabrian stage), with the Kebon Bambu lineage undergoing subsequent independent evolutionary development during the Holocene. These results suggest potential genetic distinctiveness of the Kebon Bambu population. However, the small sample size (n = 8) from a single locality limits robust conclusions about population-level genetic diversity and lineage distinctiveness. Preservation of intraspecific genetic diversity remains critical for ecosystem resilience and biological pest control. The validated COI sequences provide a basis for long-term molecular monitoring using deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding. CONCLUSION: The study reveals significant genetic differentiation in A. modesta, with the Kebon Bambu population forming a distinct cytochrome c oxidase subunit I -based lineage defined by unique polymorphic markers. This genetic uniqueness provides a foundation for investigating potential local adaptation. However, whether such variation translates into enhanced biological control or pest suppression remains unresolved. Integrative studies combining genomics with functional phenotyping and field experiments are essential to justify conservation prioritization.
AbstractAMoRE-II aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β ) with an array of 423 $$\hbox {Li}_2^{100}\hbox {MoO}_4$$ Li 2 100 MoO 4 crystals operating in the cryogenic system as the main phase of the Advanced Molybdenum-based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE). AMoRE has been planned to operate in three phases: AMoRE-pilot, AMoRE-I, and AMoRE-II. AMoRE-II is currently being installed at the Yemi Underground Laboratory, located approximately 1000 m deep in Jeongseon, Korea. The goal of the experiment is to reach an exclusion half-life sensitivity to the $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β of $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo on the level of $$T^{0\nu \beta \beta }_{1/2} > 6 \times 10^{26}$$ T 1 / 2 0 ν β β > 6 × 10 26 year that covers completely the inverted Majorana neutrino mass hierarchy region of (15–46) meV. To achieve this, the background level of the experimental configurations and possible background sources of gamma and beta events should be well understood. We have intensively performed Monte Carlo simulations using the GEANT4 toolkit in all the experimental configurations with potential sources. We report the estimated background level that meets the $$10^{-4}$$ 10 - 4 counts/(keV$$\cdot $$ · kg$$\cdot $$ · year) requirement for AMoRE-II in the Region Of Interest (ROI) and show the projected half-life sensitivity based on the simulation study.
This study aims to identify the presence of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids within the tight sand intervals of the Mississauga Formation in the Penobscot Field, Scotia Basin, Canada, through the analysis of amplitude- and frequency-based seismic attributes. The primary dataset comprises 3D seismic volumes processed using Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM), supported by well data from Penobscot L-30 and B-41 as lithology and fluid controls. A suite of seismic attributes—including RMS Amplitude, Envelope, Sweetness, Instantaneous Q, Intercept (A), Gradient (B), Low-Frequency Amplitude (15 Hz), and Amplitude Variation with Frequency (AVF)—was computed to evaluate lithological variations and fluid responses within the target interval. Among these, four key attributes—Sweetness, Envelope, Low-Frequency Amplitude (15 Hz), and AVF—were selected for integrated analysis using a multiplicative workflow following data normalization. The integration results reveal pronounced low-frequency (15–25 Hz) amplitude anomalies associated with an anticlinal crest in the central–southern part of the study area. This zone is interpreted as a gas-saturated sandstone layer characterized by low acoustic impedance and significant poroelastic effects. The integrated, normalized multi-attribute approach proves effective in enhancing seismic responses attributable to fluid presence and provides a robust basis for reservoir characterization in unconventional systems, particularly tight-sand environments.
Abstract The AMoRE collaboration searches for neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo using molybdate scintillating crystals via low temperature thermal calorimetric detection. The early phases of the experiment, AMoRE-pilot and AMoRE-I, have demonstrated competitive discovery potential. Presently, the AMoRE-II experiment, featuring a large detector array with about 90 kg of $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo isotope, is under construction. This paper discusses the baseline design and characterization of the lithium molybdate cryogenic calorimeters to be used in the AMoRE-II detector modules. The results from prototype setups that incorporate new housing structures and two different crystal masses (316 g and 517–521 g), operated at 10 mK temperature, show energy resolutions (FWHM) of 7.55–8.82 keV at the 2.615 MeV $$^{208}$$ 208 Tl $$\gamma $$ γ line and effective light detection of 0.79–0.96 keV/MeV. The simultaneous heat and light detection enables clear separation of alpha particles with a discrimination power of 12.37–19.50 at the energy region around $$^{6}$$ 6 Li $$(n,\alpha )^3$$ ( n , α ) 3 H with Q-value = 4.785 MeV. Promising detector performances were demonstrated at temperatures as high as 30 mK, which relaxes the temperature constraints for operating the large AMoRE-II array.
