Tanjungpura University

Mercury ions (Hg²⁺) are highly toxic environmental pollutants requiring rapid and cost-effective detection methods. This study presents an eco-friendly approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), pineapple (Ananas comosus), and jambulang (Syzygium cumini), which serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, exhibiting characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks around 400 nm, and TEM analysis, which revealed spherical morphology with diameters of 4–6 nm. The synthesized AgNPs were evaluated as colorimetric sensors for Hg²⁺ detection, based on the color change from yellow/brown to colorless due to the Ag-Hg amalgamation process and the subsequent quenching of the SPR peak. Among the three extracts, S. cumini demonstrated superior performance with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.47 ppm, significantly lower than A. comosus (1.16 ppm) and M. fragrans (2.51 ppm). To demonstrate practical utility, the AgNPs were immobilized onto cotton buds as a portable, “naked-eye” sensor, enabling on-site mercury detection without sophisticated instrumentation. These results suggest that green-synthesized AgNPs offer a sustainable and efficient platform for monitoring heavy metal contamination in aqueous environments.

The kinetics of inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes spores as a surrogate for the sterilization marker Clostridium botulinum using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatment has not been previously investigated. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate and determine the kinetics of C. sporogenes spore inactivation by PEF. The spore suspensions of C. sporogenes were treated using PEF at an electric field intensity of 36 kV/cm with a residence time of 1.302 s. The spore inactivation kinetics were analyzed using several mathematical models, including log-linear, log-linear shoulder, and Weibull models. The electroporation effects were evaluated by measuring the concentration of Ca2+ released into the suspension following PEF treatment. PEF treatment resulted in a reduction of C. sporogenes spores by up to 3.6 log cycles. The inactivation curve of C. sporogenes spores demonstrated a concave downward shape, with a shoulder pattern at the initial time and an exponential decrease as the process time increased. The spore electroporation was evidenced by an increase in Ca2+ concentration in the suspension from 1.58 to 2.03 ppm after PEF treatment. The death rate of C. sporogenes spores (kmax) increased and the shoulder length (S-i) decreased with higher electric field strengths. A concave downward curve of the inactivation curve is shown by a curve shape value (p)> 1. The log-linear shoulder was the best model to describe C. sporogenes spore inactivation. The D-PEF and Z(PEF) values of C. sporogenes spores in the log-linear, log-linear shoulder and Weibull models were in the ranges 2.46-4.222 s and 25-32 kV/cm. These findings demonstrate that PEF can effectively inactivate C. sporogenes spores and that kinetic modeling provides valuable parameters for predicting spore inactivation during PEF processing.

This study employed a bibliometric approach to examine the intellectual structure, emerging themes, and future directions of research on digital technology integration in physical education (PE). Using bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence analyses of 300 publications from Scopus and Web of Science, six intellectual clusters were identified: pedagogical reform, motivation and gamification, immersive technologies, socio-critical perspectives, data-driven practice, and teacher professional development. Thematic evolution reveals growing interest in virtual reality or augmented reality for motor skill acquisition, gamified engagement strategies, data-informed assessment frameworks, and rising attention to equity, ethics, and teacher readiness. Findings indicate a paradigm shift toward systemic and holistic digitalization of PE, where technology is positioned as integral to curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment. The study concludes by proposing interdisciplinary collaboration and mixed-method, longitudinal designs to ensure that digital innovations remain pedagogically meaningful, equitable, and scalable across diverse educational contexts.

Background:Diabetic ulcers are complex wounds that are difficult to treat due to persistent inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, and microbial infections that disrupt normal healing. Advanced wound dressings such as hydrogels, nanofibre matrices, hydrocolloids, and 3D bioprinted constructs are increasingly developed to incorporate natural bioactive compounds with multifunctional therapeutic properties. However, systematic understanding of their mechanisms and translational relevance remains limited. Objective:This study aims to systematically review natural-based hydrogel, hydrocolloid, and hydrofiber formulations in diabetic wound healing. Methods:A Systematic Literature Review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, and Scopus (2020-2025). Risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's tool. Results:From 5256 initial records, 4412 articles were screened, and 14 studies were included after applying eligibility criteria. These studies examined advanced dressings such as hydrogels, hydrocolloids, nanofibers, 3D bioprinted constructs, and hybrid nanocomposites incorporating natural bioactive compounds. The formulations demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pro-angiogenic, and re-epithelialization effects. Common compounds included curcumin, berberine, propolis, bee venom, and plant extracts combined with polymers such as chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, collagen, and GelMA. Advanced fabrication improved drug delivery, physicochemical properties, and healing outcomes. At the molecular level, these systems modulated pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, VEGF, and TGF-β/Smad, contributing to reduced inflammation, oxidative stress suppression, enhanced angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Risk of bias assessment indicated unclear risks in randomization and blinding, although internal validity was generally acceptable Translational readiness remained limited (TRL 2-6), with hydrogels and nanosystems showing the highest potential, while 3D bioprinting faces scalability and regulatory challenges. Conclusion:Natural-based advanced dressings offer a promising strategy for diabetic wound management. Successful clinical translation requires alignment with scalability, stability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance. Future research should prioritize standardized preclinical models, controlled release systems, and scalable, regulation-compliant biomaterial designs to accelerate clinical application.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan melalui penguatan kompetensi literasi dan numerasi di SMP Negeri 4 Teluk Pakedai. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi yang melibatkan kepala sekolah, guru, siswa, tenaga kependidikan, komite sekolah, dan pengawas sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah mampu menggerakkan seluruh warga sekolah dalam membangun budaya literasi dan numerasi secara berkelanjutan. Kepala sekolah memiliki visi yang jelas dan inspiratif, memberdayakan guru, serta mendorong pembelajaran yang kontekstual dan inovatif. Program literasi dan numerasi direncanakan, dilaksanakan, dimonitor, dan dievaluasi secara sistematis. Meskipun fasilitas masih terbatas, kepemimpinan yang visioner, kolaborasi warga sekolah, dan konsistensi pelaksanaan program berperan penting dalam menjaga capaian literasi dan numerasi siswa pada kategori baik hingga sangat baik.