The National University of the Center of Peru (Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú), UNCP for short, is the largest public university of the center of Peru. It was founded by supreme decree law no. 46 on December 16, 1959. Apart from its main campus in El Tambo, Huancayo, the university runs decentralized establishments in Junín, Satipo, and Tarma. The first rector was distinguished Peruvian geographer Javier Pulgar Vidal. During the 1960s, several former establishments, such as those in Lima (Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal), Huánuco (Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán), Huacho (Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión) and Cerro de Pasco (Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión), were transformed into universities.
En Huancayo, las viviendas autoconstruidas sin supervisión técnica representan una problemática en el contexto sísmico regional, especialmente al presentar daño visible en sus fachadas. Este estudio desarrolló una herramienta basada en deep learning para la identificación preliminar de elementos de fachada y grietas visibles en imágenes. Se emplearon dos modelos especializados de segmentación de instancias con Mask R-CNN y Detectron2, uno para muros, columnas y vanos, y otro para grietas incorporando PointRend. La evaluación se realizó sobre subconjuntos de prueba aislados, reportando métricas COCO y operativas. En bounding box, los modelos de fachadas y grietas alcanzaron AP50 de 59,87% y 65,16%; en instance segmentation, los AP50 fueron 58,30% y 61,13%, con AP de 20,03% para instance segmentation en grietas. Los valores F1-score fueron 65,82% y 72,15% en bounding box, y 63,91% y 74,49% en segmentación. Los resultados evidencian un desempeño moderado, útil para apoyar el registro visual preliminar de fachadas.
The sustainable processing of coffee requires not only improving the efficiency of conventional operations but also advancing the recovery and valorization of bioactive compounds across the coffee value chain. In this context, emerging technologies offer eco-efficient alternatives to conventional extraction methods. This review summarizes recent advances in ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), high-pressure extraction (HPE), cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) applied to coffee beans and major coffee side streams, including pulp, husk, parchment, silverskin, and spent coffee grounds. The physicochemical principles of each technology, the main operating parameters, and their influence on extraction yield, phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and heat-sensitive compound preservation are discussed. Furthermore, potential synergies between combined techniques (UAE-MAE or HPE-UAE) and trends toward industrial scaling and integral valorization within a circular economy framework are highlighted. Overall, the evidence indicates that emerging technologies can intensify coffee extraction processes, increase phenolic recovery (often achieving up to two-fold improvements in total phenolic content compared to conventional techniques), and significantly reduce processing times (commonly reaching 2.5–15 min), supporting more sustainable and industrially relevant value chains.
Under extreme environmental conditions, interplant facilitation influences the growth and yield of heat-sensitive crops. In this study, the shade index of three cover plants for growing tomato crops on green roofs in Peru's high jungle was evaluated to generate a mathematical model to could be used as a standard in other studies. The mathematical models estimated the shade indices of Mucuna pruriens, Luffa cylindrica, and Cyclanthera pedata as tomato cover plants. The quantitative analysis carried out with the weekly growth data of the cover plants allowed us to determine the shade index, showing that Mucuna pruriens is the best heat-mitigating indicator plant due to its best ecophysiological condition. This model could be adjusted to any plant and facilitate the growth of solar radiation and high temperature-sensitive crops. In this study, Mucuna pruriens is shown as a heat-mitigating plant due to its better ecophysiological condition than Luffa cylindrica and Cyclanthera pedata. Mucuna pruriens reached 100% shade, while Luffa cylindrica and Cyclanthera pedata had 33.40% and 17.00% shade. This mathematical model could serve as a general standard for other studies identifying the shade index of cover plants for different crops susceptible to high heat and light environmental conditions in high jungles.
Cultivation of food crops in soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) can pose serious risks to human health. In this study, we evaluated HMs accumulation in soils and agricultural products (corn, broad beans, artichoke and alfalfa), the degree of soil contamination, and the associated health risks from three food crops using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The results revealed elevated concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soils, exceeding the maximum permissible limits established by both national and international standards. Soil contamination levels were particularly high for Cd, Pb and Zn. Ecological risk was also found to be very high for Cd, with artichoke-cultivated soils contributing most significantly to ecological risk. Alfalfa and artichoke tissues showed higher concentrations of As, Cd and Pb, whilst broad beans accumulated more Zn and Cu. Artichoke and alfalfa samples exceeded food safety limits for Pb. Artichoke, broad beans and corn are not HMs accumulators, as their accumulation factors were below 1. Non-carcinogenic health risks from broad beans consumption were close to the threshold hazard index of 1, suggesting a probability of adverse health effects due to HMs exposure. Broad beans and corn posed the highest carcinogenic risks, with unacceptable risk probabilities exceeding 55% in both children and adults. Arsenic and nickel showed the greatest contribution rates to carcinogenic risk in both groups. These findings suggest that food crops cultivated in HMs-contaminated soils present significant health risks for consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to adequately inform the population about these risks and to promote monitoring and management strategies that ensure food safety.
This study examines whether administrative simplification is associated with stronger document-management practices in a district-level local government organization, and why this matters for societal outcomes such as transparency and more equitable access to public services. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental design, we surveyed officials and administrative staff with validated Likert-type instruments (62 items for administrative simplification; 17 items for document management) and tested associations using Spearman’s rho. Results show a positive, modest relationship between simplification and document management (ρ ≈ 0.37; p < 0.001). Stage-level analyses indicate consistently positive correlations, with stronger associations in later, institutionalization-oriented stages (implementation, monitoring/evaluation, continuous improvement, and sustainability). The study contributes to debates on administrative burden and digital-era governance by linking staged simplification efforts to the organizational backbone of records flows. Practically, findings suggest that resource-constrained municipalities can improve governance quality by treating document management not as a back-office function but as an enabling infrastructure for user-centered services, accountability, and compliance with digital-government guidance. Limitations include the single-organization design and reliance on staff perceptions; future research should test citizen-level outcomes and service-equity effects.
