Odessa State Environmental University

This study examines the future climate change in the South Asia region during 2070–2099 with respect to the historical period (1975–2004) under RCP8.5 scenario using a high-resolution regional earth system model. We found substantial changes in the key climatic parameters over the South Asia region including ocean biological productivity, however, the magnitude of response varies spatially. A substantial increase (> 2.5 °C) in the projected annual-mean sea surface temperature (SST) was found over the Indian Ocean with the highest increase (~ 3.4 °C) locally in the northern part of the Arabian Sea and in the Persian Gulf, SST changes being significant throughout the study area with 95% confidence level. The changes in the sea surface salinity showed strong spatial variability with the highest freshening over northern Bay of Bengal and highest salinity in the Persian Gulf followed by northern Arabian Sea. The amount of annual-mean precipitation will substantially increase over the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal (up to 1.5–2.0 mm/day) and along the equator in the band 10° S–10° N (0.5–1.5 mm/day), while it will decrease over the western part of the Bay of Bengal and in the northern states of India (− 0.5 to 1.0 mm/day). The most pronounced increase of precipitation rate in the future climate will occur over India (3–5 mm/day) and the eastern coasts of the Bay of Bengal (> 5 mm/day) during the monsoon period, and over the equatorial band (2–3 mm/day) during the post-monsoon period, with all precipitation changes indicated above being significant at 95% confidence level.

Abstract The article considers the possibility of brackish water rising from the Dniester Estuary up the Dniester River mouth, where Station “Dniester” supplies potable water to Odesa City and the intake point of the Lower Dniester Irrigation System is located. The study is topical as the brackish water threatens the quality of drinking and irrigation water at the intake waters. The purpose of the work has been to use hydrodynamic modelling to establish the hydro-meteorological conditions under which the transformed sea water from the Dniester Estuary could enter the mouth part of the Dniester. It has been established that the following conditions are to be met for the transformed marine water to rise into the estuarine arms of the Dniester River: (1) average daily river discharge decrease below 100 m3/sec; (2) domination of surge wind from south or south-east at a speed exceeding 15 m/sec for several days. Under such conditions, the transformed marine water rises from the estuary upstream into the Dniester River mouth through the right arm, the Glybokyi Turunchuk, and then, having reached the place where the main river channel divides into two arms, the estuarine water is driven into the left arm - the Dniester and, by it comes back to the estuary. The case described in the article could be used by experts as an example when identifying effective hydro-engineering measures to prevent transformed sea water penetration in river mouth by building a second estuarine canal (branch).

The work develops the concept of shielding external radiation using composite materials that are a single condensed structure with incorporated specially configured impurities and (or) defects. Using the example of a one-dimensional model of an inhomogeneous power chain, the possibility of the existence of blocking and transparency effects with respect to external radiation, which arise already in the presence of binary impurities, which, in turn, act as the simplest models of composite systems, is shown. It is proposed to use the above property (isomorphic to the experimentally observed Ramsauer-Townsend effect) for the synthesis of composite materials in radiation protection technologies.

The problems of monitoring and assessing the state of the agricultural sector as an integral part of food security of the country are considered. Along with other countries, Ukraine is one of the world's leading food security countries. Grain production is one of the leading industries in the agricultural sector. Ukraine is one of the largest exporters of grain and pulses in the world. The structure of sown areas in Ukraine by types of crops is analyzed, and the main problems in connection with active hostilities in certain regions are identified. The key problems of reducing the total gross harvest, the disruption of supply chains and, as a result, the increase in the food prices around the world have been identified. Due to the growing global food crisis around the world, ensuring food security has become a primary and priority task. The article analyzes the indicators used to assess food security. The need to make adjustments to the approaches to optimizing the grain crops areas in Ukraine in the conditions of military operations and their consequences in the future was substantiated. To minimize the consequences, it is necessary to protect and support the agricultural production in Ukraine under the martial law as soon as possible. There is a list of the main measures that will help improve food security under military occupation.

Among the components of the natural recreational potential of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, a special place is occupied by bioclimatic and hydromineral resources, therefore the purpose of the work is to assess their features. The bioclimatic component of the natural recreational potential of this region determines the comfort (discomfort) of human sensations and well-being, so it is important to identify possible positive and negative impacts of various climatic factors and their dynamics in mountain and foothill areas during different seasons of the year. The bioclimatic component of the natural recreational potential is assessed from the point of view of the comfort of climatic conditions for the body of a healthy person. The work is based on the results of modeling the average daily values of air temperature (t), wind speed (v) and relative humidity (f) according to the RCP4.5 scenario (trajectory of changes in the average level of greenhouse gases concentration) from 2021 to 2050 and data from the climate cadastre of Ukraine (1961–1990) at three stations (Dolyna, Rava-Ruska, Uzhgorod) in the foothill areas of the region. There was conducted a study of the possible bioclimatic potential of the Carpathian region of Ukraine and trends of its dynamics until 2050. The article analyzes the features of mineral healing waters of four national nature parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians.