Статья посвящена микроскопическому исследованию анатомических особенностей стебля астрагала эспарцетового. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью углубленного изучения морфолого-анатомических признаков представителей данного таксона для систематики и отличия от других видов рода Астрагал. Исследование выполнено с применением световой микроскопии при различных увеличениях, а также люминесцентной микроскопии в отраженном ультрафиолетовом свете для оценки локализации флуоресцирующих соединений. Проведен ряд гистохимических реакций (реактивом Судана III, сернокислым анилином), позволивших дифференцировать протопласт и лигнифицированные оболочки. Впервые для данного вида детально описана анатомия стебля с акцентом на диагностическую значимость каждого признака. Установлено, что в условиях люминесцентной микроскопии ксилема и волокна либриформа дают светло-синюю флуоресценцию. Отмечается также светло-синяя люминесценция протопластов колленхимных клеток и светло-розовое свечение протопластов клеток мягкого луба, ярко-голубое свечение клеточной стенки базальной клетки Т-образного волоска. Выявленный комплекс анатомических признаков (включая особенности флуоресценции) может служить надежным критерием для установления подлинности сырья «Трава астрагала эспарцетового» и отличия его от близкородственных видов. The article is devoted to a microscopic study of the anatomical features of the astragalus stem. The relevance of the work is due to the need for an in-depth study of the morphological and anatomical features of representatives of this taxon for taxonomy and distinction from other species of astragals. The study was performed using light microscopy at various magnifications, as well as fluorescent microscopy in reflected ultraviolet light to assess the localization of fluorescent compounds. A number of histochemical reactions (with Sudan III reagent and sulfuric aniline) were performed to differentiate the protoplast and lignified shells. For the first time, the anatomy of the stem has been described in detail for this species, with an emphasis on the diagnostic significance of each feature. It has been established that the xylem and libriform fibers exhibit light blue fluorescence under fluorescent microscopy conditions. Additionally, the light blue luminescence of the protoplasts of the collenchyma cells and the light pink glow of the protoplasts of the soft bast cells, as well as the bright blue fluorescence of the cell wall of the basal cell of the T-shaped hair, have been observed. The identified complex of anatomical features (including fluorescence characteristics) can serve as a reliable criterion for establishing the authenticity of the Astragalus herb and distinguishing it from closely related species.
в работе систематизированы современные данные о роли фактора роста и дифференцировки 15 (GDF15) и его рецептора - рецептора фактора роста и дифференцировки 15 (GFRAL) - при сердечной недостаточности (СН). Показано, что GDF15 отражает интегральную стрессовую нагрузку нескольких органов, а не только гемодинамическое состояние сердца. При острой СН GDF15 улучшает прогностическую стратификацию поверх N-концевого промозгового натрийуретического пептида (NT-proBNP) и тропонина. При СН со сниженной фракцией выброса (HFrEF) высокий GDF15 идентифицирует пациентов с наибольшей абсолютной пользой от терапии ингибиторами натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа (SGLT2). При СН с сохранённой фракцией выброса (HFpEF) GDF15 демонстрирует независимую прогностическую ценность. При кардиальной кахексии обоснованным является антагонизм GDF15-GFRAL. Фенотип-зависимость действия GDF15 определяет необходимость дифференцированного подхода к его клинической интерпретации и терапевтическому таргетированию.
Mental disorders in patients in intensive care units (ICUs) represent a clinically significant and diagnostically complex problem requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Despite the seriousness of their consequences, recent studies have shown insufficient awareness among medical personnel of critical illness diagnostic algorithms. The situation is exacerbated by the paucity of scientific publications devoted to the specifics of mental disorders in anesthesiology and intensive care, highlighting the need for further systematic research in this area. Raising clinical staff awareness of the specifics of mental disorders in critically ill patients, implementing clinical protocols, and developing uniform diagnostic and therapeutic standards remain pressing challenges. This article examines the most common psychopathological conditions, including delirium, catatonia, febrile schizophrenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, as well as cognitive and affective disorders that arise in critical illness. Particular attention is given to differential diagnosis, neuropsychological testing, and modern approaches to treatment using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The need for systematic monitoring of patients’ mental states and the integration of psychiatric care into intensive care is substantiated. Promising research areas in this area are highlighted. These conditions not only complicate the course of the underlying disease but also significantly impact the prognosis, length of hospitalization, and quality of life of patients after discharge. A promising direction for the development of psychoreanimatology is the integration of psychiatric assessment into intensive care. Only such a systematic and prognostically oriented approach will allow not only treatment but also genuine improvement in the functional outcomes and mental health of severely ill patients.
Background. Modern therapy of patients with atopic dermatitis involves the long-term use of topical medications that can affect different stages of the disease pathogenesis. Topical glucocorticosteroids allow for a rapid clinical response in case of acute atopic dermatitis, but with prolonged use they have a number of undesirable effects. The introduction of calcineurin inhibitors into practice has made it possible to conduct proactive therapy of atopic dermatitis. Pimecrolimus (1% cream) in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis can be used in children in the form of medicinal ultraphonophoresis and with prolonged use does not cause pronounced side effects. The duration of therapy is determined by both the regression of clinical manifestations, as well as the features of the previous course of the disease, and the frequency of relapses.The purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of using 1% pimecrolimus cream for medicinal ultraphonophoresis in children with atopic dermatitis.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the day hospital setting of the Clinic of Adaptation Therapy at the Orenburg State Medical University. We observed 10 patients aged 5-8 years suffering from moderate atopic dermatitis in the subacute period who received the drug ultraphonophoresis on the UZT-1.01F device using 1.0% pimecrolimus cream as external therapy. To assess the clinical effectiveness of treatment, the standardized severity index SCORAD was used in the dynamics of therapy before and after 7, 14 and 30 days of treatment.Results. The ultraphonophoresis method using 1.0% pimecrolimus cream made it possible to reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis by an average of 2.7 times according to the SCORAD index (from 50.5 ± 3.5 to 18.5 ± 2.5 points, respectively), which corresponds to the state of clinical remission of the process in 90% of patients with 10 procedures.Conclusion. Our own clinical experience shows that medicinal ultraphonophoresis with 1.0% pimecrolimus cream as an additional method of external treatment of atopic dermatitis contributes to the prolongation of remission and long-term control of symptoms of the disease.
The aim of the study was to systematize current data on the morphofunctional features of the placenta after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to establish the relationship between these changes and prognostic outcomes. Materials and methods . An analysis and generalization of data from modern domestic and foreign scientific literature devoted to the morphological and functional features of the placenta in pregnancies after the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), in particular IVF, was carried out. Changes in the placenta at the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels are considered, as well as their relationship with the features of implantation, placentation, vasculogenesis, and the development of obstetric complications. The search for literature sources was conducted using the Elibrary.ru and PubMed databases using the keywords: placenta, assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization. Results . Modern scientific studies indicate that pregnancy resulting from IVF is associated with increased risks of developing a whole range of obstetric pathologies: preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, placental insufficiency, as well as abnormalities of placental attachment. The occurrence of these complications is directly related to characteristic changes in both the morphology and functioning of the placenta. These changes are the result of the complex influence of several factors: the underlying causes of infertility, the effects of the IVF stages (hormonal stimulation, in vitro embryo culture, and the embryo transfer procedure). Conclusion . Thus, the placenta often demonstrates adaptive changes that may transform into pathology – signs of accelerated maturation, thromboses, and vascular structural abnormalities are detected. The active introduction of ART, including IVF, has significantly changed the methods of infertility treatment, which has led to the need for a detailed study of their impact on the course of pregnancy and the health of future generations. This review consistently summarizes current understanding of the features of placental morphology in IVF pregnancies, from macroscopic abnormalities to molecular changes, and their relationship with obstetric complications. A deep study of these mechanisms is necessary not only for understanding the risks, but also for developing safer and more physiological ART protocols aimed at maintaining maternal health and the long-term well-being of future generations.
