Mental disorders in patients in intensive care units (ICUs) represent a clinically significant and diagnostically complex problem requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Despite the seriousness of their consequences, recent studies have shown insufficient awareness among medical personnel of critical illness diagnostic algorithms. The situation is exacerbated by the paucity of scientific publications devoted to the specifics of mental disorders in anesthesiology and intensive care, highlighting the need for further systematic research in this area. Raising clinical staff awareness of the specifics of mental disorders in critically ill patients, implementing clinical protocols, and developing uniform diagnostic and therapeutic standards remain pressing challenges. This article examines the most common psychopathological conditions, including delirium, catatonia, febrile schizophrenia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, as well as cognitive and affective disorders that arise in critical illness. Particular attention is given to differential diagnosis, neuropsychological testing, and modern approaches to treatment using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The need for systematic monitoring of patients’ mental states and the integration of psychiatric care into intensive care is substantiated. Promising research areas in this area are highlighted. These conditions not only complicate the course of the underlying disease but also significantly impact the prognosis, length of hospitalization, and quality of life of patients after discharge. A promising direction for the development of psychoreanimatology is the integration of psychiatric assessment into intensive care. Only such a systematic and prognostically oriented approach will allow not only treatment but also genuine improvement in the functional outcomes and mental health of severely ill patients.
Background. Modern therapy of patients with atopic dermatitis involves the long-term use of topical medications that can affect different stages of the disease pathogenesis. Topical glucocorticosteroids allow for a rapid clinical response in case of acute atopic dermatitis, but with prolonged use they have a number of undesirable effects. The introduction of calcineurin inhibitors into practice has made it possible to conduct proactive therapy of atopic dermatitis. Pimecrolimus (1% cream) in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis can be used in children in the form of medicinal ultraphonophoresis and with prolonged use does not cause pronounced side effects. The duration of therapy is determined by both the regression of clinical manifestations, as well as the features of the previous course of the disease, and the frequency of relapses.The purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of using 1% pimecrolimus cream for medicinal ultraphonophoresis in children with atopic dermatitis.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the day hospital setting of the Clinic of Adaptation Therapy at the Orenburg State Medical University. We observed 10 patients aged 5-8 years suffering from moderate atopic dermatitis in the subacute period who received the drug ultraphonophoresis on the UZT-1.01F device using 1.0% pimecrolimus cream as external therapy. To assess the clinical effectiveness of treatment, the standardized severity index SCORAD was used in the dynamics of therapy before and after 7, 14 and 30 days of treatment.Results. The ultraphonophoresis method using 1.0% pimecrolimus cream made it possible to reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis by an average of 2.7 times according to the SCORAD index (from 50.5 ± 3.5 to 18.5 ± 2.5 points, respectively), which corresponds to the state of clinical remission of the process in 90% of patients with 10 procedures.Conclusion. Our own clinical experience shows that medicinal ultraphonophoresis with 1.0% pimecrolimus cream as an additional method of external treatment of atopic dermatitis contributes to the prolongation of remission and long-term control of symptoms of the disease.
Background. Adolescent suicidal behavior remains one of the leading causes of premature mortality and represents a significant medical and social problem. In the context of large-scale social transformations in recent years, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated changes in everyday life, the study of dynamics of affective disorders and risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents has become particularly relevant. Aim. To assess the dynamics of mood decline and risk factors for suicidal behavior among adolescents aged 14-17 years in different social periods (2018-2019 and 2022-2024), and to develop a predictive model for the risk of suicidal behavior.Materials and Methods. A comparative epidemiological study was conducted involving 431 adolescents aged 14017 years. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory (M. Kovacs), and suicidal attitudes were evaluated using the suicide risk assessment questionnaire developed by T.N. Razuvaeva. Differences between groups were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. A predictive model of suicidal behavior risk was constructed using binary logistic regression, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated using ROC-analysis.Results and Conclusions. Statistically significant differences were identified in several indicators of suicidal risk, including demonstrativeness, uniqueness, social pessimism, breakdown of cultural barriers, and impaired time perspective. A decrease in the antisuicidal factor was observed in 2022-2024, which may indicate a weakening of protective psychological mechanisms in adolescents. According to the Children’s Depression Inventory, the proportion of adolescents with critically decreased mood nearly doubled compared with the pre-pandemic period. The constructed logistic regression model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0,834). The most significant predictors of suicidal behavior risk included the degree of mood decline, social pessimism, affectivity, breakdown of cultural barriers, and the anti-suicidal factor. The findings highlight the need for systematic monitoring of adolescent mental health and development of evidence-based preventive programs aimed at the early identification of high-risk groups.
Each somatotype assumes a specific development of skeletal muscles, including respiratory muscles (RMs). The scientific literature lacks data on the specifics of RM strength in different somatotypes. The purpose of this study was to measure inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength as well as establish the relationships between anthropometric parameters and RM strength in healthy young men with different somatotypes. Materials and methods. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), anthropometric parameters, caliperometry and hand dynamometry were determined in 63 healthy men aged 20–23 years. The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the somatotype (Galant–Chtetsov–Nikityuk classification): muscular (n = 29), thoracic (n = 17), abdominal (n = 7) and unspecified (n = 10). The relationships between the parameters were established using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results. The median values of RM strength in all subjects were as follows: MIP – 96 [84; 112] cmH2O and MEP – 120 [105; 131] cmH2O. Among men with high MIP, the muscular somatotype was predominant (66 %), while the thoracic somatotype was found in 15 %, abdominal in 13 % and unspecified in 6 % of cases. In the subjects with high MEP, the muscular somatotype prevailed (62 %), the thoracic somatotype was present in 26 %, while abdominal and unspecified in 6 % of men each. At low MIP, the thoracic somatotype prevailed (41 %), while the muscular somatotype was observed in 28 %, abdominal in 10 % and unspecified in 21% of cases. At low MEP, the muscular somatotype was dominant (34 %), the thoracic somatotype was present in 30 %, abdominal in 16 % and unspecified in 20 % of subjects. In individuals with high MIP, statistically significant direct correlations were found between MIP and hand strength and between MEP and hand strength. The most pronounced anthropometric differences were observed in chest parameters between men with high and low MIP.
Memory politics, presented across various disciplines, is typically defined as a "tool" serving to transform symbolic space, create a system of models as meaningful reference points for the historical consciousness of a stable society, and establish a unified logic of continuity that limits destructive external influence. Contemporary political discourse encompasses a range of practices capable of both preserving and destabilizing it. The cause and effect of both are the prevailing societal perceptions and assessments of the historical past. Memory politics, as examined in this article, is defined as the practice of preserving the value of the historical past and managing its perception. This study will formulate the key functions of memory politics and analyze some of the tasks that its use in political discourse facilitates.
