Sabratha University

The present research explored whether AI-powered contextual flashcards facilitated through Anki had a positive impact on learners’ sentence-level fluency in EFL settings. This research employed a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control-group research design. Sixty EFL learners from the University of Zawia participated in the study and were allocated into either an experimental or control group where they received six weeks of AI-generated contextual flashcards or traditional instruction, respectively. The experimental group exhibited significant improvements from pretest to posttest (M = 10.45, SD = 2.11 to M = 17.82, SD = 1.95; t(29) = 14.52, p < .001), while the control group showed only marginal improvements (t(29) = 4.21, p < .01). Additionally, a significant difference was found between groups on the posttest (t(58) = 9.63, p < .001), d = 2.48. These results were discussed in relation to theories of second language acquisition and cognitive theory of learning. Findings suggest contextualized input combined with retrieval practice and spaced repetition can help learners develop fluency. Moreover, this study adds to the growing body of work related to AI-assisted language learning by showing its efficacy in developing fluency for communicative competence.

education has changed the learning and teaching processes, especially for those learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This study explores how undergraduate EFL students at Sabratha University in Libya use generative AI, how it helps them, and the challenges and ethical issues they face. It specifically looks at how these tools are used to support language learning, access study materials, and improve academic performance. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 EFL students from the third to eighth semesters. The collected data were then analysed using a thematic framework to identify core patterns in the students' experiences. The results indicate that while AI tools offer great learning benefits, students also face serious practical and academic challenges. On the positive side, AI acts as a personalised learning partner that helps students build their vocabulary, translate text, and improve their writing through instant feedback. On the negative side, students struggle with a dependency dilemma, where relying too much on AI threatens to decrease their critical thinking and original writing skills. This issue is complicated by concerns over accuracy, which force students to constantly double-check AI outputs due to frequent "hallucinations" or false information. Moreover, students face a lot of confusion about academic integrity and what counts as their own work, a problem made worse by a complete lack of university AI guidelines. In addition, local infrastructure issues, such as weak internet, high subscription costs, and gaps in basic digital skills, heavily limit how well students can use these tools. The study concludes that although Libyan EFL students are actively using AI chatbots to help them learn, they are navigating this huge technological shift entirely on their own. Thus, for AI integration to be safe, ethical, and successful in the long term, universities must step in. This study highlights the urgent need for higher education institutions to create clear AI policies, invest in better technical infrastructure, and offer digital literacy training so students can use these tools effectively and responsibly. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, EFL, Academic Integrity, Libyan Higher Education, Sabratha University, Digital Literacy.

This research examines a method to control the velocity of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) more effectively, cases in relation to Field-Oriented Control (FOC) using Particle Swarm Optimising techniques to refine the parameters of Proportional-Integral Controllers (PID Controllers). The existing ways of tuning the above controllers using the trial-and-error method tend to yield substantial overshoots (23.63%) and long settling times (160 ms). Besides, tuning the PI Controllers using PSO with the classic methods of determining the cost functions (Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Square Error (ISE) will improve performance levels; however, an increase of at least 6.1% on overshooting is monitored still. Due to this situation, a new Asymmetrical Cost Function has been developed to reduce this percentage significantly by rewarding the optimum tracking error metric more as compared to the other two standard cost functions. The results of the simulation indicated that the proposed technique has successfully removed the overshoot (0%) and enabled the achieving the fasted settling time (24 ms) with the least steadystate error. Therefore, the Asymmetrical PSO method has produced a $\mathbf{5 1 \%}$ reduction of the settling time when compared to the original PSO method and an 85% reduction when compared to manual tuning of the controller error metrics. This work has been able to provide a framework for enhancing PMSM Controller Performance in applications requiring a high level of precision and minimal if not no error percent overshoot.

Background Bethlem myopathy (BTHLM) is a rare collagen VI-related muscular dystrophy caused by pathogenic variants in COL6A1, COL6A2, or COL6A3. Although the disease is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, autosomal recessive forms have been increasingly recognized and often demonstrate variable clinical severity (1). Case Presentation We report two affected siblings from a Libyan family with no reported parental consanguinity, harboring the same homozygous pathogenic splice-site variant in COL6A2 (NM_001849.4: c.1970-9G>A), confirmed by whole-exome sequencing and segregation analysis. Two additional siblings (one male, one female) were clinically unaffected. Case 1 (16-year-old male): presented with delayed motor milestones (independent walking at 20 months), progressive lower-limb weakness since early childhood, a partial Gowers' sign, exercise-induced calf pain, and proximal muscle weakness. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and tendon reflexes were normal. Examination showed mild elbow flexion weakness (MRC 4/5), pes cavus deformity, and mild gluteal and left calf muscle atrophy, without scoliosis. Respiratory function was preserved. Case 2 (7-year-old female, younger sibling): exhibited a similar but milder phenotype, with proximal muscle weakness, delayed motor performance, calf discomfort after prolonged walking, and preserved ambulation. Segregation analysis confirmed the identical homozygous COL6A2 variant. Conclusion These cases highlight the phenotypic variability of recessive COL6A2-related Bethlem myopathy and emphasize that a normal serum CK does not exclude collagen VI-related dystrophy. Recognition of the characteristic clinical features, combined with molecular confirmation, facilitates accurate diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and genetic counseling.

Wireless Communications Technology Certificate: Optical communication technologies have advanced significantly in recent years. One of the most well-known is visible light communication (VLC). It can provide high data rates. It also offers better security. This is especially useful for indoor transmission. Visible light communication (VLC) technologies use visible light to transmit data, employing an LED or laser diode in place of traditional radio frequencies. In this paper, a multi-user indoor optical communication system using MIMO technology was designed and simulated. OptiSystem software was used to study the effect of wavelength variation and its transmission capacity over specific distances on system performance. A guided laser diode was used as the light source, and a Mach–Zehnder modulator was used to modulate the signal. Upon receiving, a PIN detector was used to convert the light signal into an electrical signal. The final results showed that, in terms of power consumption, quality factor, and bit error rate, the 685 nm red wavelength performed best compared to green (550 nm) and blue $(415 \mathrm{~nm})$ wavelengths. The results demonstrated that selecting the appropriate wavelength helps increase the efficiency of indoor video communication systems.