Scottish Church College is a college affiliated by Calcutta University, India. It offers selective co-educational undergraduate and postgraduate studies and is the oldest continuously running Christian liberal arts and sciences college in Asia. It has been rated (A) by the Indian National Assessment and Accreditation Council. Students and alumni call themselves "Caledonians" in the name of the college festival, "Caledonia"..
Bader's "Atoms in Molecules" formalism has been adopted to assess the noncovalent interactions present within the mono and di-solvent (water and methanol) clusters of 2-Hydroxypyridine and 2-Hydroxynicotinic acid in their Closed and Open conformations and to critically analyze the characteristics and the energetics of the interaction lines toward the planarity of the structural skeletons. Nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) descriptor has also been exploited to delineate the role of aromaticity in dictating the structures and the characteristics of the noncovalent interactions present within the studied compounds. Both electrostatic and partially covalent Hydrogen bonding interactions (HB) are found within the clusters. Furthermore, apart from the typical O-H & centerdot;& centerdot;& centerdot;& centerdot;O and O-H & centerdot;& centerdot;& centerdot;& centerdot;N HBs, a weak albeit unique C-H & centerdot;& centerdot;& centerdot;& centerdot;O interaction line of purely electrostatic origin is observed. The covalency of the HBs as well as the structural constraints, are found to modulate the aromaticity of the associated pyridine nuclei.
The allocation of public budgets to research and development plays a vital role in advancing climate welfare and facilitating the energy transition. Energy transition focuses on sustainable development goal −7 (SDG-7). By discussing the importance of energy transition and research and development, the current study elaborates on the pathway to resilient energy. This study investigates the influence of public research and development budgets on energy transition in 20 leading sophisticated economies over the period from 1995 to 2022. Using the method of moment quantile regression (MM-QR), the findings reveal a positive association between public renewable energy R&D budgets and the Energy Transition Index (ETI) across all quantile distributions. The effect gets weakened slightly at higher quantiles. While energy efficiency RD&D budgets demonstrate a positive association, the results are statistically insignificant. Public spending on storage/other technologies and high-tech industry demonstrates a negative impact in the lowest quantile, transforming to a positive and significant effect in higher percentiles. The influence of control variables is further explored. Institutional quality and technological innovation exert a positive and significant effect on energy transition across all quantiles, while economic complexity demonstrates a negative impact, particularly pronounced in lower development stages. The study suggests that governments within these leading economies should prioritize public R&D budgets, particularly for low-cost renewable energy solutions across domestic, industrial, and transportation sectors. Furthermore, policies suggestions is towards carbon-free electrification, electric vehicle adoption, and hydropower generation can accelerate progress.
The transition to renewable energy is a cornerstone of sustainable development, yet it faces significant challenges. Key barriers include grid integration issues, technological immaturity, high initial costs, and policy and regulatory uncertainty. However, overcoming these hurdles offers substantial rewards, including new economic opportunities, lower energy costs, accelerated technological innovation, and more inclusive growth-ultimately paving the way for a sustainable future. Thus, this study investigates the impacts of energy policy uncertainty, economic policy uncertainty, ESG-related uncertainty, financial market uncertainty, economic growth, corruption and socioeconomic conditions on renewable energy innovation in United states from 2002 to 2023. Study employs Quantile-on-Quantile regression (QQR), Cross-quantilogram (CQ), Causality-in-Quantile (CiQ), Wavelet-Quantile Regression (WQR), and Wavelet-Quantile Correlation (WQC) to examine the impacts, directional predictability, causal link among the studied variables, effect of the conditional quantiles and co-relations among the focused variables at different quantiles and time scales, respectively. Results show that GDP, economic policy uncertainty, ESG-related uncertainty, financial market uncertainty, socioeconomic conditions and energy policy uncertainty have positive impacts on renewable energy innovation and intensity and direction vary across the quantiles from 10th to 90th. Moreover, economic policy uncertainty is not associated with renewable energy innovation and impacts are weak and invisible over most of quantiles. Lastly, corruption has strong negative impacts on renewable energy innovation and it discourages investments and innovations pertaining to renewable energy. Green technology innovation, energy transition, financial technology, and quality governance are suggested to mitigate uncertainties and corruption while promoting economic growth and sustainable development.
The purpose of the chapter is to examine the causal relation between gender-based wage discrimination and capital mobility. While the extant literature is enriched with significant theoretical as well as empirical findings on the phenomenon mentioned above, most of it is unidirectional. Those findings hinge on the fact that discrimination is an outcome of capital mobility, such as foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the reverse causality has mostly been neglected in contemporary literature. This chapter aims to explain whether or not gender-based discrimination can act as a catalyst in driving capital. In simple terms, we examine whether or not discrimination acts to attract capital. In doing so, we employ an elementary general equilibrium model with a single agent carrying out both production and consumption activities. This becomes useful in illustrating the concepts of efficient allocation, general equilibrium, and decentralization through the usual market mechanism.
This paper examines whether mergers and acquisitions (M&A) improve financial performance in the Indian chemical industry. Using a secondary company dataset covering 20 firms, the study evaluates profitability, short-term solvency, long-term solvency, growth rate and economic value added (EVA)-related indicators. The dataset includes pre- and post-merger and acquisition comparisons, descriptive statistics, one-sample tests, ANOVA and regression outputs. The findings indicate that post-merger growth is the strongest observed strategic trend at 27%, followed by pre-acquisition growth at 23% and pre-merger growth at 20%. Profitability indicators are materially positive, with mean gross profit margin of 27.215 and operating profit margin of 22.150. Liquidity is broadly satisfactory, as the mean current ratio is 2.133 and the quick ratio is 1.525. Long-term solvency is more mixed because firms show acceptable interest coverage but also varying debt-to-equity exposure. EVA-related indicators suggest that operating value generation is important, with NOPAT averaging 181,354.79 in the dataset. ANOVA results show statistically significant relationships within profitability, solvency, growth and EVA models, although aggregate pre/post regression is weak due to firm-level heterogeneity. The paper concludes that M&A can be a useful growth and restructuring mechanism in the Indian chemical industry, but its success depends on integration quality, financial discipline, synergy realization and sector-specific operational conditions.
