苏莱曼·德米雷尔大学

Two novel mononuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu(H4N9-mpz)]Cl2·H2O (1) and [Cu(H4N9-mpz)](ClO4)2·2CH3OH (2), were synthesized for the first time utilizing the pyrazine-modulated long-chain pentapyridyltetraamine ligand, N2,N2′-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)bis(N6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine) (H4N9-mpz). Both complexes were structurally characterized, and their in vitro cytotoxic activities were systematically evaluated. In each compound, the Cu(II) center is five-coordinate, adopting a slightly distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, with Addison distortion parameter τ values of 0.84 for complex (1) and 0.86 for complex (2). The H4N9-mpz ligand adopts an all-anti conformation, coordinating to the copper center as a pentadentate monohelical ligand. This trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment was further corroborated by electronic spectroscopy and the observation of "inverted-type" electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. The cytotoxic effects of the free H4N9-mpz ligand and complexes 1 and 2 were evaluated against the DLD-1 and PC3 cancer cell lines, as well as the L929 healthy cell line, and compared with the reference drug cisplatin. Complex 2 exhibited superior antiproliferative activity compared to 1, yielding significantly lower IC50 values of 6.401 µM in DLD-1 cells and 2.956 µM in PC3 cells. However, toxicity profiles on healthy L929 cells revealed that complex 1 possesses a higher selectivity index than complex 2. Molecular docking simulations revealed distinct, target-dependent interaction profiles; the free ligand exhibited the highest predicted affinity toward Bcl-2, whereas the copper(II) complexes demonstrated more favorable docking scores against HSP90. These findings provide preliminary computational insights into potential ligand–protein interactions, prompting further experimental validation.

Platanus orientalis L. is a traditionally used medicinal tree rich in phenolics and fatty acids, yet systematic studies on its extracts from centuries-old trees remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the phenolic and fatty acid composition and evaluate the functional biological properties supporting phytochemical differentiation of extracts obtained from the leaves, bark, and fruits of ∼400-year-old P. orientalis trees. Maceration (ethanol) and Soxhlet extraction (water, ethanol and hexane) methods were applied. Phenolic compounds were quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS and fatty acids by GC-MS. The antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, as well as total flavonoid content (TFC). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae) using disk diffusion. Catechin and epicatechin were the dominant phenolics, with ethanol fruit extracts containing up to 126.1 μg g−1 epicatechin. Stearic acid was the most abundant fatty acid (478.71 μg g−1 in hexane leaf extract). Leaf and bark extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 for DPPH: 109.25 μg mL−1 for ethanol leaf maceration) compared to fruit extracts. Antibacterial activity was more pronounced against Gram-positive bacteria, especially S. aureus.Extracts of P. orientalis, particularly from leaves and bark, exhibited distinct phytochemical profiles associated with plant part and extraction method. Multivariate analysis (PCA and HCA) revealed structured metabolite clustering, indicating coordinated chemical differentiation. These findings suggest the potential relevance of specific metabolite groups for future comparative chemotaxonomic investigations. Rather than emphasizing pharmacological applications, the present study focuses on metabolite distribution patterns and their relevance to biochemical systematics.

Social responsibility-based practices have become crucial for the long-term growth of organizations. Empirical studies show that socially responsible human resource management (HRM) positively influences individual behavior; however, limited research investigates its role in mitigating negative employee attitudes and behaviors. Drawing on social exchange theory and self-determination theory, we investigate how and when socially responsible HRM affects knowledge sabotage among employees in the hospitality and tourism industry. We obtained 150 valid surveys from five-star hotel employees in Kyrgyzstan and 240 from hotel employees in T & uuml;rkiye and tested the hypotheses using PLS-SEM. The results show that socially responsible HRM reduces knowledge sabotage and increases workplace belongingness. Workplace belongingness is found to negatively affect knowledge sabotage. Our findings reveal that work belongingness mediates the influences of socially responsible human resource management on knowledge sabotage. More importantly, corporate ethical values strengthen the negative effect of socially responsible HRM on knowledge sabotage via work belongingness, thereby amplifying this impact further in the hospitality and tourism industry. This paper provides theoretical and practical implications for hospitality and tourism researchers and practitioners by demonstrating how socially responsible HRM reduces employee knowledge sabotage through psychological mechanisms and corporate values.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth, yet its environmental consequences demand scrutiny as nations strive for sustainable development. This study investigates how environmental policies mediate the relationship between inward and outward FDI and natural resource availability, focusing on biocapacity in 41 high-income countries over a 22-year period. Using a mediation effects methodology, supported by Sobel-Goodman-Aroian and bootstrap resampling tests, we find that environmental policies significantly reduce the negative impact of FDI on biocapacity. Specifically, burden policies, such as taxes and fees, are more effective than subsidies in mitigating FDI's detrimental effects, particularly in democratic contexts. However, both policy types contribute to curbing negative spillovers. A key policy recommendation is to implement strategic environmental assessments to evaluate FDI projects, ensuring alignment with sustainable practices without discouraging investment.

The pursuit of sustainable growth and ecological balance has become a central policy priority for OECD nations. While prior studies examined economic, technological, and environmental determinants of sustainability, the joint effect of macroeconomic policies, technological innovation, and institutional uncertainty remains underexplored. This study addressed this gap by investigating how monetary policy, fiscal policy, economic complexity, energy transition, green technology, and ESG uncertainty jointly influence green growth and ecological footprint over the period 2003 to 2022 in 17 OECD nations. To account for nonlinear and asymmetric relationships, advanced econometric methods, including quantile-on-quantile regression (QQ) and cross-quantilogram (CQ) methods are employed. The results show that all six factors significantly promote green growth while reducing ecological footprint, indicating their complementary role in driving sustainable transformation. The results suggest the importance of integrating coordinated macroeconomic management, innovation-driven technological strategies, and transparent ESG practices to support a low-carbon transition. Policymakers are encouraged to implement green-oriented monetary and fiscal policies, foster technological efficiency, and strengthen institutional accountability to achieve long-term ecological stability. This study contributes to the literature by linking macroeconomic, technological, and environmental dimensions within a unified green growth framework, providing robust empirical evidence to guide policy design and promote sustainable development across OECD nations.