Suez University is an Egyptian public university established by the presidential decree no 193 in 2012 to transfer Suez Canal University branch in Suez to an independent university. Suez University is the first university established by a presidential decree after the January 25 revolution in Egypt.
Decarbonizing the transportation sector remains a critical challenge in achieving global climate targets. CO2 hydrogenation has emerged as a promising pathway for converting captured carbon dioxide into valuable synthetic fuels, particularly when integrated with Fischer–Tropsch synthesis for liquid hydrocarbon production. To address this challenge, the present study develops a comprehensive Aspen HYSYS simulation model specifically designed for a diesel-focused CO2 hydrogenation and Fischer–Tropsch upgrading process, building upon the SOLETAIR pilot plant setup. The simulation model is first validated against published pilot-scale data and subsequently enhanced through the integration of fractionation, hydroprocessing, and internal energy recovery. A detailed sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the effects of key Fischer–Tropsch operating parameters, followed by systematic optimization of reactor operating conditions and syngas recycle ratios to maximize diesel-range hydrocarbons (C11-C22). Under optimized operating conditions, the integrated process demonstrates substantial performance improvements, achieving an overall power-to-liquid efficiency of 80 % with integrated energy recovery. Diesel yield and selectivity reach 64 % and 66.7 %, respectively, while naphtha yield and selectivity are 26.6 % and 27.8 %. Although complete overall CO and H2 conversion is achieved under a high syngas recycle ratio, the Fischer–Tropsch reactor operates at single-pass CO and H2 conversions of 34 % and 46.1 %, respectively. These results demonstrate that the integration of Fischer–Tropsch product upgrading with optimized operating conditions and syngas recycle significantly improves carbon utilization and enhances diesel selectivity, providing a practical and scalable approach for high-yield synthetic diesel production.
Extreme Value Theory, or univariate EVT, is widely used to assess structural risks of failure or damage, brought on by excessive environmental stressors in structural design. In engineering practice, a combination of multiple cross-correlated system components and covariates, rather than a single, univariate load, is what causes failure or damage. A multimodal state-of-the-art reliability-based approach for the multivariate structural design is presented. State-of-the-art pre-asymptotic multivariate methodology in combination with an accurate extrapolation scheme was utilized to model the Joint Probability Distribution Function (JPDF) tail of an M-dimensional random/stochastic process. The primary aim of this study was to envisage a generic, state-of-the-art multivariate reliability approach for assessing the failure or damage risks of high-dimensional dynamic systems. Note that for a multidimensional series-type system, its failure is given by a first passage event, and any parallel-type system can be equivalently reformulated as a series-type one.Novelty: The advocated multidimensional structural reliability approach would enable the extraction of relevant excessive dynamics information from time histories that had been physically recorded or numerically simulated. A variety of multimodal nonlinear dynamic systems can have their failure (damage) risks accurately and efficiently predicted using the proposed multimodal hypersurface Gaidai reliability methodology, which considers non-stationarity and memory (clustering) effects. High-dimensional, big data, deep-sea, ocean engineering and aerospace applications can benefit from the advocated multidimensional reliability approach.
Nanostructured 0.39BaTiO(3)-0.31SrTiO(3)-0.30KNbO(3) (BKS) ceramics were produced utilizing traditional solid-state reactions and mechanical milling. The composite powder was ball-milled for 20 hours, then heat-treated at 1000 degrees C for 5, 10, and 15 hours. X-ray diffraction indicates the existence of tetragonal BaTiO3, cubic SrTiO3 and KNbO3 phases. The average nanocrystalline size (D) was estimated to be between 11.9 to 51.5nm. The presence of chemical bonds in a molecule is verified with the FTIR spectra. The parameters of dielectric constant (epsilon'), tangent loss (tan delta), and ac conductivity (sigma(ac)) were studied about temperatures (303-403 K) and frequency (500 Hz-1MHz). The non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) model appears to be the most appropriate for describing the mechanism of conduction in this current study. The impact of polarizability of space charge was described by the dielectric modulus (M ' and M '') behavior. The Nyquist diagrams (Z ' versus Z '') were done for the explanation of the mechanism of electrical conduction for each sample in particular, lead-free ferroelectric ceramics such as BaTiO3-SrTiO3-KNbO3 are promising candidates for next-generation capacitors used in renewable energy integration, power conditioning units, and energy-efficient electronic devices
BACKGROUND Despite the success of direct-acting antivirals, a large global population with established hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis remains at lifelong risk for portal hypertensive complications like variceal bleeding. This persistent burden, coupled with the rising incidence of cirrhosis from other etiologies, underscores the critical need for accessible, non-invasive risk stratification tools. AIM To evaluated a multimarker panel, including free triiodothyronine (FT3), platelet count (PLT), international normalized ratio (INR), and portal vein diameter (PVD), for the non-invasive stratification of variceal bleeding risk. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 93 participants, categorized into three groups: 31 chronic HCV cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding (group I), 31 chronic HCV cirrhotic patients without variceal bleeding (group II), and 31 healthy controls (group III). Thyroid function tests (thyroid-stimulating hormone, FT3, free thyroxine), PLT, INR, spleen size, and PVD were assessed. Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate portal venous blood flow, while upper gastrointestinal endoscopy determined the variceal grades. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, multivariate ordinal logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS FT3 levels were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients, with the lowest levels in group I (P < 0.01). Higher variceal grades (III/IV) were associated with lower FT3, lower PLT, and higher INR (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, lower FT3, lower PLT, and higher INR were independent predictors of variceal severity (all P < 0.01). FT3 < 2.5 pmol/L predicted high-grade varices with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 78.3%). PVD >= 13 mm also showed strong predictive value (AUC = 0.85). A novel Variceal Risk Score (VRS) integrating FT3, PLT, INR, and PVD demonstrated outstanding accuracy (AUC = 0.94). CONCLUSION This study validates a multimarker approach, identifying a core panel of non-invasive predictors-FT3, PLT, and INR for variceal bleeding risk. The derived VRS can accurately identify high-risk cirrhotic patients, suggesting its potential use as a triage tool to make endoscopic screening programs more efficient.
Abstract This study investigates the geological architecture and tectonic evolution of the Queih shear belt, located in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, within the Egyptian Nubian Shield. An integrated approach combining multi-sensor satellite remote sensing (Landsat-8, ASTER, Sentinel-1 A), aeromagnetic data analysis, and systematic field investigations was employed to delineate lithological units, structural features, and deformation phases. Advanced image processing and Enhanced Horizontal Gradient Amplitude (EHGA) techniques enabled precise mapping of lithological contacts, faults, folds, and shear zones. The results reveal that the Queih shear belt is a complex horst structure of Precambrian basement rocks, bounded by major normal faults and affected by a polyphase tectonic history. Four principal ductile deformation episodes (D1–D4), followed by Phanerozoic extensional tectonics (D5), are documented, involving NNW–SSE and ENE–WSW compression, transpressional shearing, and alternating dextral and sinistral strike-slip faulting related to the Najd Fault System. The spatial and temporal relationship between molasse sedimentation and phases of wrench faulting is highlighted, providing new insights into the interplay between sedimentation and tectonic reactivation during the late Neoproterozoic. This work refines geological maps of the region and advances understanding of crustal processes the Egyptian Nubian Shield.
