BACKGROUND:Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In Ecuador, GC was the primary cause of cancer-related deaths until 2013. Despite a general decline in GC mortality, significant regional and sex-based disparities persist. This study aimes to analyze trends in GC mortality by sex from 2004 to 2021 using Joinpoint regression analysis. METHODS:We analyzed GC mortality data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) for the period 2004-2021. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated using the SEGI world standard population. Joinpoint regression was applied to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in mortality trends. Additionally, we examined regional differences and identified provinces with the highest mortality rates based on the average from 2017-2021. RESULTS:GC mortality rates declined nationally, with an annual decrease of 1.9% in men and 2.2% in women. However, significant regional disparities were observed. In the Coastal region, mortality rates among men showed no significant decline, while the rates for women decreased by 2.4% annually. In the Highlands, GC mortality declined by 1.8% in men and 2.4% in women, while in the Amazon region, the decrease was 2.8% and 3.0% per year for men and women, respectively. The highest GC mortality rates in 2021 were observed in Bolívar, Santo Domingo, and Cotopaxi among men, and in Zamora Chinchipe, Cotopaxi, and Loja among women. Notably, while most provinces experienced a decline, Esmeraldas reported an increasing mortality trend of 2.8% annually from 2004 to 2021. CONCLUSIONS:Despite an overall decline in GC mortality in Ecuador, disparities persist across regions and between sexes. The faster decline in female mortality suggests potential differences in risk factors, healthcare access, or early detection efforts.
The COVID-19 pandemic substantially disrupted higher education by limiting in-person training and accelerating the transition to virtual learning. During the 2022 mpox outbreak, concerns emerged about the possibility of renewed academic disruption among university students. To assess factors associated with perceived academic disruption in the event of a future pandemic among Latin American university students, with particular attention to country-level differences. We conducted a multicountry cross-sectional analytical study using an online survey administered between July and August 2022 in several Latin American countries. The primary outcome was expected academic disruption, defined as reporting that studies would decrease or stop completely in the event of a future pandemic. A secondary outcome assessed high perceived academic impact, defined as reporting high or very high academic repercussions. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using generalized linear models with Poisson distribution, log link, and robust variance. Among 1,018 students, 75.1
La responsabilidad penal corporativa por delitos financieros requiere criterios que permitan distinguir entre la mera producción de un resultado delictivo y la existencia de un riesgo jurídicamente desaprobado atribuible a la organización. Este estudio evaluó la función de los programas de compliance como mecanismo de exclusión de dicho riesgo dentro de la imputación objetiva aplicada a la responsabilidad penal corporativa. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020, mediante una búsqueda en Scopus de estudios publicados entre 2006 y 2026, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión y un análisis cualitativo de 21 artículos. Los resultados muestran que la literatura se concentra en categorías como riesgo permitido o tolerable, riesgo jurídicamente desaprobado, defecto de organización, debida diligencia y reducción significativa del riesgo. Asimismo, los estándares de eficacia del compliance se agrupan en identificación del riesgo, diseño preventivo, autonomía, cultura de legalidad, detección, reacción, seguimiento, actualización y evidencia de funcionamiento efectivo. Se concluye que el compliance puede excluir o debilitar la imputación corporativa cuando acredita una gestión preventiva real, idónea y proporcional, manteniendo el riesgo residual dentro de niveles jurídicamente admisibles
BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and eclampsia, are common pregnancy complications that may have long-term consequences for offspring health. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between maternal hypertension and childhood asthma, though findings remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the existing evidence on the association between HDP and asthma risk in offspring.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE was conducted from database inception to 3 December 2024, restricted to peer-reviewed published studies. The eligibility criteria followed the PICOS framework. Observational studies (cohort, case–control, cross-sectional) assessing the association between HDP and asthma in offspring were included. Effect measures were converted to odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and a meta-analysis was performed using random- and fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed jointly with Cochran’s Q test (p < 0.10) and the I2 statistic, and publication bias was examined through funnel plots and Egger’s test.ResultsTwenty studies encompassing over three million mother–infant pairs were included. The pooled OR for asthma risk in offspring of mothers with HDP was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07–1.21), indicating a significant association. Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association with both preeclampsia (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.12–1.28) and gestational hypertension (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.02–1.36). Heterogeneity was high in some subgroups, such as gestational hypertension (I2 = 92.6%; p < 0.0001), suggesting variability across studies. As a secondary outcome, the association between HDP and wheezing in the offspring was assessed. The pooled OR was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.99–1.17), not reaching statistical significance, although positive trends were observed in some subtypes.ConclusionMaternal HDP is associated with an approximately 14–20% increased risk of asthma in offspring, highlighting the need for targeted early-life monitoring and intervention strategies. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize maternal–fetal health outcomes.Systematic review registrationIS: CRD420251000229.
Introducción: En un contexto de sobreinformación, el marketing de contenidos se ha convertido en una pieza fundamental para la captación y retención de audiencias a través de contenidos de interés y confianza. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un instrumento para medir el marketing de contenido dentro de los centros comerciales. Metodología: Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y transversal en una muestra de 307 consumidores de centros comerciales en Huánuco. El instrumento inicial de 34 ítems fue sometido a validación mediante el índice V de Aiken, análisis factorial exploratorio y confiabilidad con alfa de Cronbach, hasta obtener, luego la depuración psicométrica, una versión final conformada por 26 ítems. Resultados: El análisis factorial reveló una estructura compuesta por tres dimensiones credibilidad y confianza, relevancia del contenido y accesibilidad del contenido que explicaron el 53.34 % de la varianza total. El índice KMO (0.894) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett (p < 0.001) confirmaron la adecuación del modelo. Discusión: Se confirma que el modelo tiene relevancia teórica y validez estadística para evaluar el marketing de contenidos en centros comerciales dentro de un contexto y una dinámica híbridos y omnicanal. Conclusiones: Se concluye que, el instrumento validado constituye un avance metodológico en marketing, al contar con un camino empírico con dimensiones similares a la credibilidad y confianza, relevancia del contenido, y accesibilidad al contenido. Su aplicación en entornos de venta presencial y online mixtos genera información de valor para la gestión comunicacional, sin derivar en impactos directos en la interacción con el consumidor, su fidelidad a la marca o la voluntad de compra.
