The reduction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated by using electrocoagulation (EC) with aluminum electrodes. The operational parameters, including current intensities (12, 14, 16, and 31 A), applied voltages (2 V and 4 V), and contact times (30, 60, 120, and 180 min), were examined to assess their influence on DOM removal during EC treatment. UV absorbance at 260 nm (UV260), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and fluorescent DOM were monitored to assess the changes in concentration and composition. The raw POME contained 2687 mg/L of DOC and exhibited high levels of protein-like, fulvic-like, and humic-like components. The results showed that EC at 31 A with a stirring speed of 30 rpm achieved reductions of 83% in DOC, 90% in UV260, and 67% in humic-like Peak 5 after 45 min. Additionally, the aromatic content of DOM, measured by specific UV absorbance (SUVA), decreased by 62% after 15 min of treatment at 31 A with 10 rpm stirring, indicating that DOM transformed into aliphatic compounds. The Peak 5/Peak 2 ratio showed a good correlation with SUVA, suggesting that EC effectively reduced aromatic humic-like DOM. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence analysis of the resulting EC sludge revealed a high aluminum content, both in its elemental form (60.4%) and as Al2O3 (71.3%), suggesting potential for material recovery and reuse.
‘Ekowisata Sungkai Green Park’ (ESGP) in Lambung Bukit Village, Pauh District, Padang City, managed by the Sungkai Permai Self-Help Rural Agricultural Training Center (P4S), has been developed gradually. However, the number and target of visitors are still limited, so it has not yet provided a significant economic impact on the community. Activities are carried out with an active and collaborative participation approach with partners. The concept of ecotourism development includes environmental, learning, and economic aspects. Activities include: 1) arranging the ecotourism area to improve tidiness and beauty; 2) providing guidebooks, procuring signage and procuring species infographics to improve partner competency; and 3) establishing support from Andalas University and the Padang City Tourism Office for the sustainability of ESGP. The results show that access to the ESGP ornamental fish education area is neat and beautiful, thus increasing the attraction for visitors. The competence of P4S Sungkai Permai partners has increased for ornamental fish education services through the provision of guides and educational books on ornamental fish, and infographics. Sustainable ecotourism has received support from Unand through the Impact Campus Program, and the Padang City Government supports visitor access to the ESGP site. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Sungkai Permai P4S partners are capable of providing educational tourism services for various ornamental fish at the ESGP to student visitors.
Harmful online content can negatively influence users and create social risks. This study develops a machine learning model to detect harmful website content using Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The analysis focuses on website text extracted from the HTML Document Object Model (DOM). Four classes were used: gambling, pornography, phishing, and whitelist content. The dataset consisted of 2911 URLs collected from the UT1 Blacklist repository. Text preprocessing and TF-IDF feature extraction with unigram and bigram representations produced 71,967 tokens. Experimental results show that SVM achieved the best performance with 90.50% accuracy on 2821 active URLs. A real-time Flask-based web application was also developed to classify URLs from user input. The findings demonstrate that combining NLP and machine learning provides an effective and practical solution for harmful website content detection.
The Mukomuko language, a regional Malay variety spoken in Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province, remains insufficiently documented, particularly regarding the interaction between phrase structure and phonological–morphophonemic patterns in natural language use. Previous studies have examined phonological, morphological, or lexical features separately, leaving limited integrated evidence on their structural relationships. This study investigates phrase categories, structural patterns, phonological variation, and morphophonemic alternation in the Mukomuko language within a structural linguistic framework. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving 15 native speakers aged 50–75 years, purposively selected based on native-speaker status, continuous residence, and active daily use of the language. Data were collected through observation, listening, note-taking, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and five digital audio-recording sessions conducted in Mukomuko Regency. The resulting corpus comprised 618 phrase tokens, transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and validated through source and method triangulation as well as inter-speaker verification. The analysis identified 214 verbal, 152 nominal, 103 adjectival, 76 numeral, and 73 prepositional phrases. Nominal and adjectival phrases predominantly exhibit Head–Modifier (D–M) patterns, whereas verbal phrases consistently follow Modifier–Head (M–D) structures. Recurrent phonological variation includes rhotic realization, vowel alternation, final consonant reduction, nasal alternation, and glottal realization, while morphophonemic alternation is primarily reflected in the allomorphic realization of the meN- prefix through regular nasal assimilation. These findings provide an integrated description of phrase structure and sound patterns, contributing to the documentation of regional Malay varieties and comparative studies in Indonesian Malay dialectology.
Speaking skills are crucial for students to face academic and professional demands in the global era; however, low self-confidence and difficulties in delivering ideas systematically remain prevalent. This community service activity aims to enhance students' communication competence through the "Speak with Confidence" training program. Involving 50 students, the program was implemented using an andragogical approach and experiential learning, comprising needs assessment, interactive material delivery, simulations, role-play, and comprehensive evaluation using pre-tests, post-tests, performance observation, and satisfaction surveys. The results indicated significant improvements in both knowledge and skills. Conceptual understanding increased by 26.25%, while practical speaking skills improved by 27.16%, with the most notable increase in self-confidence (35%). Furthermore, participant satisfaction reached 92.4%. These findings demonstrate that a practice-oriented andragogical approach effectively reduces psychological barriers and builds students' communication competence, strategically preparing adaptable and competitive graduates for the professional world.
