The Smoke-Free Areas policy is a legal instrument that protects the public’s right to a healthy environment, including in public facilities. In the City of Bandung, regulations on Smoke-Free Areas have been established through regional legislation; however, violations of these provisions are still frequently found, particularly in urban parks as open public spaces. This condition indicates a gap between normative legal regulations and policy implementation in the field, especially in terms of sanction enforcement. This study generally aims to analyze the implementation of the Smoke-Free Areas policy in urban parks in the City of Bandung. The study employs normative juridical research supported by literature review and field observation. Data are analyzed qualitatively through editing, interpretation, and data systematization. The findings indicate that Smoke-Free Areas implementation in Bandung’s urban parks remains suboptimal despite an established legal framework. Limited supervision, inadequate supporting facilities, unclear technical mechanisms, and inconsistent sanctions constrain enforcement, reducing the policy’s deterrent effect. The study concludes that effective implementation requires stronger institutional supervision, clearer enforcement mechanisms, adequate facilities, and consistent sanctions. The study contributes by highlighting the importance of aligning normative legal provisions with practical enforcement mechanisms to strengthen compliance with Smoke-Free Areas in urban public spaces.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cryptocurrency are increasingly exploited to facilitate cyber child sexual abuse material (CSAM), creating an illicit ecosystem of “pseudo-pornography”. Defined as entirely synthetic, AI-manipulated visual representations, pseudo-pornography exploits a person’s digital identity to depict sexual acts without physical involvement. These manipulated identities are then traded anonymously. Utilizing a juridical-normative approach, this study analyzes the governing legal frameworks. Findings reveal a critical legal vacuum in Indonesia; current laws (Pornography, ITE, TPKS, and Criminal Code) remain oriented toward physical distribution. They lack specific provisions to address non-physical, AI-generated offenses and cryptocurrency-facilitated anonymity, while crypto regulatory dualism further hinders enforcement. To combat this, the government must urgently revise the Pornography and ITE Laws to explicitly prosecute pseudo-pornography creators, mandate platform accountability, and enact specific AI legislation. These measures are vital to closing legal loopholes and protecting Indonesia’s digital space.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a versatile crop belonging to the family Convolvulaceae, often considered an alternative staple food due to its carbohydrate content. Among the various cultivars, purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) has gained attention due to its attractive color and high anthocyanin content, which contributes to its potential health benefits. This study aimed to assess the growth performance and yield components of high-yielding purple-fleshed sweet potato clones. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed, with 12 treatments (clones) and 3 replications. The clones evaluated included 9 PFSP genotypes with Rancing (check), Ayamurasaki (check) and Antin 3 (check). Results indicated significant differences in both quantitative (stem length, branch number, leaf number, leaf length, petiole length, internode length, stem diameter, and dry biomass) and qualitative traits (tuber shape, tuber flesh color, tuber skin color, stem color, leaf shape, leaf margin type, leaf lobe number, mature leaf color, and juvenile leaf color). Additionally, there were variations in yield components, including tuber weight per plant, tuber number per plant, tuber weight per plot, tuber diameter, tuber length, and sweetness content. Seven clones exhibited high yield potential, namely PF8, PF4, PF11, PF7, PF6, PF12, and PF10. This study highlights the promising potential of genotypes for enhanced productivity in PSFP cultivation. Further investigations into agronomic practices and consumer preference could improve the commercial viability of these genotypes.
This study aims to formulate a conceptual framework for the “Integrated Cooperative Learning Model in Islamic Religious Education (PAI)” that combines the advantages of Jigsaw, STAD, and Group Investigation with Islamic values to improve student learning outcomes. The method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach, including identification and selection of international and national literature Sinta 1–3 (2015–2025), content analysis, and meta-synthesis to synthesize model components, pedagogical principles, and implementation mechanisms. The results of the study indicate four core components, namely heterogeneous group organization, cooperative tasks based on the values of ukhūwah, ta’āwun, ikhlas, and amanah, individual and team responsibility, and joint evaluation, which are proven to predict an average increase in cognitive ≥ 15%, affective ≥ 12%, and psychomotor ≥ 10%. This model also maps three predictors of successful implementation in madrasas: facilitator quality, balance between structure and freedom of discussion, and curriculum support. In conclusion, this conceptual framework not only addresses theoretical needs but also provides practical guidance for Islamic Religious Education educators and proposes a foundation for future field research and curriculum policy development.
Students with mild intellectual disability struggle with addition because of difficulties understanding abstract concepts, while purpose-built teaching aids may be unavailable in special schools with limited facilities. This study examined the effect of coin media on the addition skills of a third-grade student with mild intellectual disability at SKh Pelangi Anakku, Tangerang City, and whether the acquired skill persisted after withdrawal. A quantitative Single Subject Research approach employed an A₁–B–A₂ design with five sessions in each phase. The target behavior was completing five addition problems involving whole numbers from 1 to 15 without regrouping. Data were collected through tests, observation, and documentation. Instrument consistency was maintained across phases, and the student’s work was reviewed with the classroom teacher. Visual analysis within and between conditions covered trend direction, stability, level change, and overlapping data. The mean score increased from 44 during the first baseline to 72 during intervention and 80 during the second baseline, representing an 81.82% increase. The 20% overlap between baseline phases indicated improved attainment. However, the level change when coins were introduced was zero, while overlap between intervention and the second baseline reached 80%; therefore, the effect of coins cannot be fully separated from the consistent worksheet format. Observations showed that the student progressed from manipulating coins to independently counting on fingers, and performance persisted after withdrawal. Coin media therefore served as a bridge toward independent counting rather than a permanently required aid. Teachers in resource-limited special schools may use available objects alongside predictable worksheets and gradual withdrawal.
